1200 English Chunks — 5-Minute Fluency Drill

[["I tend to","ai-TEN-tuh","Tôi có xu hướng…","By and large, I tend to wake up early."],["I'm used to V-ing","aim-YOOST-tuh","Tôi đã quen với việc…","To be honest, I'm used to staying organized."],["I find it easy to","ai-FAIN-dit-EE-zee-tuh","Tôi thấy dễ dàng khi…","At the moment, I find it easy to make a decision."],["It's highly likely that","its-HAI-lee-LAIK-lee-thæt","Rất có khả năng là…","In the long run, it's highly likely that we'll make progress."],["I'm on the verge of","aim-ON-thuh-VERJ-ov","Tôi sắp / đang trên bờ vực…","Deep down, I'm on the verge of giving it a shot."],["I'm in the habit of","aim-IN-thuh-HÆ-bit-ov","Tôi có thói quen…","More often than not, I'm in the habit of losing track of time."],["I can't help but","ai-CÆNT-help-but","Tôi không thể không…","Sooner or later, I can't help but take a break."],["I'm thinking of","aim-THINK-ing-ov","Tôi đang nghĩ đến việc…","At the moment, I'm thinking of cutting back on spending."],["I'm looking forward to","aim-LOOK-ing-FOR-wud-tuh","Tôi đang mong chờ…","On top of that, I'm looking forward to catching up on work."],["I can't afford to","ai-cænt-uh-FORD-tuh","Tôi không thể cho phép mình…","In the short term, I can't afford to fall behind schedule."],["I'm struggling to","aim-STRUG-ling-tuh","Tôi đang vật lộn để…","To be honest, I'm struggling to make ends meet."],["I'd rather","aid-RATH-er","Tôi thà… hơn","All things considered, I'd rather take a break than burn out."],["I'm keen on","aim-KEEN-on","Tôi rất hứng thú với…","Right off the bat, I'm keen on going the extra mile."],["I'm about to","aim-uh-BAUT-tuh","Tôi sắp sửa…","As a matter of fact, I'm about to make a decision."],["I'm supposed to","aim-suh-POAST-tuh","Tôi đáng lẽ phải…","In the meantime, I'm supposed to stick to a routine."],["I can't stand","ai-cænt-STÆND","Tôi không chịu được…","Needless to say, I can't stand missing the point."],["I'm tempted to","aim-TEM-tid-tuh","Tôi bị cám dỗ muốn…","Every now and then, I'm tempted to get carried away."],["I'm determined to","aim-di-TER-mind-tuh","Tôi quyết tâm…","At the end of the day, I'm determined to get back on track."],["I'm dying to","aim-DAI-ing-tuh","Tôi rất thèm muốn…","Come to think of it, I'm dying to figure things out."],["I'm planning to","aim-PLÆN-ing-tuh","Tôi đang có kế hoạch…","In the long run, I'm planning to save up money."],["I ended up","ai-EN-did-UP","Cuối cùng tôi đã…","Out of the blue, I ended up hitting a wall."],["I'm aware that","aim-uh-WER-thæt","Tôi ý thức được rằng…","Having said that, I'm aware that I need to deal with stress."],["I'm convinced that","aim-kun-VINST-thæt","Tôi tin chắc rằng…","For the most part, I'm convinced that we can make progress."],["I've been meaning to","aiv-bin-MEE-ning-tuh","Tôi đã định… từ lâu","For what it's worth, I've been meaning to keep in touch."],["I'm not sure whether","aim-not-SHOR-WEH-ther","Tôi không chắc liệu…","At some point, I'm not sure whether to move on with life."],["I happen to","ai-HÆ-pun-tuh","Tình cờ tôi…","As far as I know, I happen to wake up early every day."],["I'm willing to","aim-WIL-ing-tuh","Tôi sẵn sàng…","First and foremost, I'm willing to go the extra mile."],["I find it hard to","ai-FAIN-dit-HARD-tuh","Tôi thấy khó để…","More or less, I find it hard to stay organized."],["I'm likely to","aim-LAIK-lee-tuh","Tôi có khả năng sẽ…","In the short term, I'm likely to run out of time."],["It turns out that","it-TERNZ-aut-thæt","Hóa ra là…","Come to think of it, it turns out I took it for granted."],["I'm starting to","aim-START-ing-tuh","Tôi đang bắt đầu…","At the very least, I'm starting to figure things out."],["I'm getting used to","aim-GED-ing-YOOST-tuh","Tôi đang dần quen với…","By and large, I'm getting used to waking up early."],["I've decided to","aiv-di-SAI-did-tuh","Tôi đã quyết định…","On the whole, I've decided to cut back on distractions."],["I keep forgetting to","ai-KEEP-fur-GET-ing-tuh","Tôi cứ hay quên mất…","On a daily basis, I keep forgetting to pay attention to details."],["I assume that","ai-uh-SYOOM-thæt","Tôi cho rằng / giả định rằng…","To be honest, I assume that I can handle the pressure."],["I used to","ai-YOOST-tuh","Trước đây tôi từng…","Deep down, I used to take things for granted."],["I never thought I'd","ai-NEV-er-THAWT-aid","Tôi không bao giờ nghĩ mình sẽ…","Come to think of it, I never thought I'd get back on track."],["I'm beginning to","aim-bi-GIN-ing-tuh","Tôi đang bắt đầu nhận ra…","Having said that, I'm beginning to see the bigger picture."],["I'm hesitant to","aim-HEZ-uh-tunt-tuh","Tôi còn do dự khi…","At this point, I'm hesitant to make a final decision."],["I'm committed to","aim-kuh-MIT-id-tuh","Tôi cam kết / tận tâm với…","First and foremost, I'm committed to sticking to a routine."],["I'm focused on","aim-FOH-kust-ON","Tôi đang tập trung vào…","At the moment, I'm focused on getting things done."],["I'm worried about","aim-WUR-eed-uh-BAUT","Tôi đang lo lắng về…","In all honesty, I'm worried about falling behind schedule."],["I'm excited about","aim-ek-SAI-tid-uh-BAUT","Tôi đang hào hứng với…","Right off the bat, I'm excited about the new challenge."],["I'm frustrated with","aim-FRUS-tray-tid-WITH","Tôi đang thất vọng với…","To be honest, I'm frustrated with losing track of time."],["I'm proud of","aim-PRAUD-ov","Tôi tự hào về…","At the end of the day, I'm proud of the progress I've made."],["I'm grateful for","aim-GRAYT-ful-for","Tôi biết ơn vì…","Deep down, I'm grateful for the chance to prove myself."],["I realize that","ai-REE-uh-laiz-thæt","Tôi nhận ra rằng…","At some point, I realize that I need to figure things out."],["I doubt that","ai-DAUT-thæt","Tôi nghi ngờ rằng…","Having said that, I doubt that things will change overnight."],["I feel like","ai-FEEL-laik","Tôi cảm thấy như…","More often than not, I feel like I'm running out of time."],["I guess that","ai-GES-thæt","Tôi đoán rằng / tôi nghĩ rằng…","For what it's worth, I guess that I need to take a break."],["I hope that","ai-HOHP-thæt","Tôi hy vọng rằng…","In the long run, I hope that things will get better."],["I wish I could","ai-WISH-ai-kud","Tôi ước gì tôi có thể…","Needless to say, I wish I could go the extra mile every day."],["I need to work on","ai-NEED-tuh-WERK-on","Tôi cần cải thiện…","On the whole, I need to work on staying focused."],["I'm curious about","aim-KYOOR-ee-us-uh-BAUT","Tôi tò mò về…","Right off the bat, I'm curious about how to figure things out."],["I'm passionate about","aim-PÆSH-un-it-uh-BAUT","Tôi đam mê / nhiệt huyết với…","Above all, I'm passionate about going the extra mile."],["I'm tired of","aim-TAIRD-ov","Tôi chán / mệt mỏi với…","To be honest, I'm tired of hitting the same wall."],["I'm impressed by","aim-im-PREST-bai","Tôi ấn tượng với…","As a matter of fact, I'm impressed by how far we've come."],["I'm surprised by","aim-sur-PRAIZD-bai","Tôi ngạc nhiên trước…","Out of the blue, I'm surprised by the results."],["I'm interested in","aim-IN-trest-id-IN","Tôi quan tâm đến…","At some point, I'm interested in trying a different approach."],["I'm open to","aim-OH-pun-tuh","Tôi cởi mở / sẵn lòng với…","Having said that, I'm open to any new ideas."],["I'm afraid that","aim-uh-FRAYD-thæt","Tôi e rằng / lo ngại rằng…","In all honesty, I'm afraid that I'll fall behind schedule."],["I'm concerned about","aim-kun-SERND-uh-BAUT","Tôi lo ngại về…","On top of that, I'm concerned about burning out quickly."],["I'm satisfied with","aim-SÆT-is-faid-WITH","Tôi hài lòng với…","More or less, I'm satisfied with the progress I've made."],["I'm disappointed with","aim-dis-uh-POIN-tid-WITH","Tôi thất vọng với…","To be honest, I'm disappointed with missing the deadline."],["I tend to think that","ai-TEN-tuh-THINK-thæt","Tôi thường hay nghĩ rằng…","By and large, I tend to think that hard work pays off."],["I reckon that","ai-REK-un-thæt","Tôi cho rằng (casual)","Come to think of it, I reckon that I need to step it up."],["I suppose that","ai-suh-POHZ-thæt","Tôi cho là / tôi đoán…","For the most part, I suppose that I need to deal with stress."],["I've come to realize","aiv-KUM-tuh-REE-uh-laiz","Tôi đã dần nhận ra rằng…","Over time, I've come to realize that consistency matters."],["I make it a point to","ai-MAYK-it-uh-POINT-tuh","Tôi cố tình / có chủ ý…","On a daily basis, I make it a point to stay organized."],["I'm not cut out for","aim-not-KUT-aut-for","Tôi không phù hợp với…","To be honest, I'm not cut out for working under pressure."],["I've got a tendency to","aiv-GOT-uh-TEN-dun-see-tuh","Tôi hay có xu hướng…","More often than not, I've got a tendency to get carried away."],["I'm not one to","aim-NOT-wun-tuh","Tôi không phải kiểu người…","As far as I know, I'm not one to give up easily."],["I have a feeling that","ai-HÆV-uh-FEEL-ing-thæt","Tôi linh cảm rằng…","Out of the blue, I have a feeling that things will work out."],["I find myself","ai-FAIND-mai-SELF","Tôi nhận thấy bản thân mình đang…","Every now and then, I find myself losing track of time."],["I'm running out of","aim-RUN-ing-AUT-ov","Tôi đang cạn / hết…","At this rate, I'm running out of ideas to move forward."],["I'd like to think that","aid-LAIK-tuh-THINK-thæt","Tôi muốn tin rằng…","All things considered, I'd like to think that I'm making progress."],["I'm not in the mood to","aim-not-IN-thuh-MOOD-tuh","Tôi không có tâm trạng để…","To be honest, I'm not in the mood to deal with stress today."],["I'm on track to","aim-ON-træk-tuh","Tôi đang đúng hướng để…","For the most part, I'm on track to meet the deadline."],["I could do with","ai-kud-DOO-with","Tôi cần / muốn có thêm…","Right now, I could do with a break from all this pressure."],["I've made up my mind to","aiv-MAYD-up-mai-MAIND-tuh","Tôi đã quyết tâm / quyết định…","At the end of the day, I've made up my mind to push through."],["I struggle with","ai-STRUG-ul-WITH","Tôi gặp khó khăn với…","In all honesty, I struggle with staying focused for long."],["I can relate to","ai-kun-ri-LAYT-tuh","Tôi có thể đồng cảm với…","As far as I know, I can relate to that feeling completely."],["I've been trying to","aiv-bin-TRAI-ing-tuh","Tôi đã cố gắng…","For what it's worth, I've been trying to get back on track."],["I'm leaning towards","aim-LEE-ning-tuh-WORDZ","Tôi đang nghiêng về phía…","Having said that, I'm leaning towards taking a new approach."],["I'd go as far as to say","aid-GOH-æz-FAR-æz-tuh-SAY","Tôi thậm chí còn dám nói rằng…","On the whole, I'd go as far as to say this changed my mindset."],["I'm inclined to","aim-in-KLAIND-tuh","Tôi có khuynh hướng / ngả về…","More or less, I'm inclined to agree with that view."],["I tend to overlook","ai-TEN-tuh-oh-ver-LUK","Tôi hay bỏ qua / quên để ý…","To be honest, I tend to overlook the small details."],["I'm at the point where","aim-æt-thuh-POINT-wer","Tôi đang ở giai đoạn mà…","At this rate, I'm at the point where I need to make a change."],["I catch myself","ai-KÆCH-mai-SELF","Tôi bắt gặp mình đang…","Every now and then, I catch myself worrying about the future."],["I'm pushing myself to","aim-PUSH-ing-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đang ép bản thân…","On top of that, I'm pushing myself to go the extra mile."],["I'd be lying if I said","aid-bee-LAI-ing-if-ai-SED","Tôi sẽ nói dối nếu bảo…","At the end of the day, I'd be lying if I said it was easy."],["I feel strongly that","ai-FEEL-STRONG-lee-thæt","Tôi cảm thấy mạnh mẽ rằng…","Above all, I feel strongly that consistency is key."],["I genuinely believe that","ai-JEN-yoo-in-lee-bi-LEEV-thæt","Tôi thực sự tin rằng…","In the grand scheme of things, I genuinely believe effort pays off."],["I'm the kind of person who","aim-thuh-KAIND-ov-PER-sun-hoo","Tôi là kiểu người…","To be honest, I'm the kind of person who tends to overthink."],["I can't imagine","ai-cænt-ih-MÆJ-in","Tôi không thể tưởng tượng…","Out of the blue, I can't imagine going back to my old habits."],["I have no choice but to","ai-HÆV-noh-CHOIS-but-tuh","Tôi không có lựa chọn nào khác ngoài…","Under the circumstances, I have no choice but to push through."],["I'm in no rush to","aim-IN-noh-RUSH-tuh","Tôi không vội vã để…","Having said that, I'm in no rush to make a final decision."],["I can't wait to","ai-cænt-WAYT-tuh","Tôi rất nóng lòng muốn…","Right off the bat, I can't wait to get back on track."],["It occurs to me that","it-uh-KERZ-tuh-mee-thæt","Tôi chợt nghĩ / chợt nhận ra rằng…","Come to think of it, it occurs to me that I've been overthinking."],["I could have sworn that","ai-kud-hæv-SWORN-thæt","Tôi cứ nghĩ chắc chắn rằng…","In all honesty, I could have sworn that I set a clear goal."],["It seems like","it-SEEMZ-laik","Có vẻ như…","To be honest, it seems like I'm running out of ideas."],["It sounds like","it-SAUNDZ-laik","Nghe có vẻ như…","At the moment, it sounds like things are getting better."],["It looks like","it-LUKS-laik","Trông có vẻ như…","More or less, it looks like I need to take a break."],["I've noticed that","aiv-NOH-tist-thæt","Tôi nhận thấy rằng…","Over time, I've noticed that consistency really pays off."],["I've learned that","aiv-LERND-thæt","Tôi đã học được rằng…","In the long run, I've learned that patience is everything."],["I'm getting better at","aim-GED-ing-BED-er-æt","Tôi đang tiến bộ hơn ở…","Day by day, I'm getting better at managing my time."],["I'm working on","aim-WER-king-ON","Tôi đang làm việc/cải thiện…","At the moment, I'm working on building good habits."],["I want to make sure that","ai-WONT-tuh-mayk-SHOR-thæt","Tôi muốn chắc chắn rằng…","First and foremost, I want to make sure that I stay on track."],["I have to admit that","ai-HÆV-tuh-æd-MIT-thæt","Tôi phải thừa nhận rằng…","To be honest, I have to admit that I've been struggling."],["I must say that","ai-MUST-say-thæt","Tôi phải nói rằng…","Having said that, I must say that I'm impressed by the progress."],["I've always believed that","aiv-AWL-weez-bi-LEEVD-thæt","Tôi luôn tin rằng…","Deep down, I've always believed that hard work pays off."],["I never realized that","ai-NEV-er-REE-uh-laizd-thæt","Tôi chưa bao giờ nhận ra rằng…","Come to think of it, I never realized that habits shape everything."],["I didn't expect to","ai-DID-nt-ek-SPEKT-tuh","Tôi không ngờ rằng…","Out of the blue, I didn't expect to feel this motivated."],["I'm not entirely sure","aim-NOT-en-TIRE-lee-SHOR","Tôi không hoàn toàn chắc…","At this point, I'm not entirely sure which direction to take."],["I'm beginning to feel that","aim-bi-GIN-ing-tuh-FEEL-thæt","Tôi bắt đầu cảm thấy rằng…","Over time, I'm beginning to feel that I'm on the right track."],["I've come to appreciate","aiv-KUM-tuh-uh-PREE-shee-ayt","Tôi đã dần trân trọng…","In hindsight, I've come to appreciate the small wins."],["I'm slowly starting to","aim-SLOH-lee-START-ing-tuh","Tôi đang dần dần bắt đầu…","Little by little, I'm slowly starting to see results."],["I'm getting the hang of","aim-GED-ing-thuh-HÆNG-ov","Tôi đang dần quen tay với…","Day by day, I'm getting the hang of sticking to a routine."],["I know for a fact that","ai-NOH-for-uh-FÆKT-thæt","Tôi biết chắc chắn rằng…","As far as I know, I know for a fact that consistency matters."],["I'd argue that","aid-AR-gyoo-thæt","Tôi sẽ lập luận rằng…","Having said that, I'd argue that effort beats talent every time."],["The way I see it","thuh-WAY-ai-SEE-it","Theo cách tôi nhìn nhận…","At the end of the day, the way I see it, balance is everything."],["As far as I'm concerned","æz-FAR-æz-aim-kun-SERND","Theo như tôi quan tâm / theo tôi thì…","On the whole, as far as I'm concerned, effort is what counts."],["From my perspective","frum-mai-per-SPEK-tiv","Từ góc nhìn của tôi…","In all honesty, from my perspective, this is the right approach."],["In my experience","in-mai-ek-SPEER-ee-ens","Theo kinh nghiệm của tôi…","More often than not, in my experience, practice beats theory."],["In my opinion","in-mai-uh-PIN-yun","Theo ý kiến của tôi…","To be fair, in my opinion, consistency is the real key."],["The thing is","thuh-THING-iz","Điều là / vấn đề là…","At the end of the day, the thing is, I need to stay focused."],["The fact is","thuh-FÆKT-iz","Thực tế là…","In all honesty, the fact is I've been avoiding this too long."],["The truth is","thuh-TROOTH-iz","Sự thật là…","To be honest, the truth is I need to work on my habits."],["What I find interesting is","wut-ai-FAIND-in-TREST-ing-iz","Điều tôi thấy thú vị là…","Come to think of it, what I find interesting is how fast I've grown."],["What strikes me is","wut-STRAIKS-mee-iz","Điều làm tôi ấn tượng là…","On reflection, what strikes me is how much I've changed."],["What I appreciate is","wut-ai-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-iz","Điều tôi trân trọng là…","All in all, what I appreciate is having the chance to grow."],["What really matters is","wut-REE-uh-lee-MÆ-terz-iz","Điều thực sự quan trọng là…","At the end of the day, what really matters is showing up."],["What I've found is","wut-aiv-FAUND-iz","Điều tôi nhận ra là…","Over time, what I've found is that small steps add up fast."],["The challenge is","thuh-CHÆL-unj-iz","Thách thức là…","To be honest, the challenge is sticking to a routine every day."],["I just realized that","ai-JUST-REE-uh-laizd-thæt","Tôi vừa nhận ra rằng…","Out of the blue, I just realized that I've been taking this for granted."],["I finally managed to","ai-FAI-nuh-lee-MÆ-nujd-tuh","Cuối cùng tôi đã làm được…","At long last, I finally managed to get back on track."],["I've been dealing with","aiv-bin-DEEL-ing-WITH","Tôi đã phải đối phó với…","For quite a while, I've been dealing with a lot of pressure."],["I've been putting off","aiv-bin-PUT-ing-OFF","Tôi đã trì hoãn…","To be honest, I've been putting off dealing with this issue."],["I've been looking into","aiv-bin-LUK-ing-IN-tuh","Tôi đã tìm hiểu về…","At the moment, I've been looking into ways to stay organized."],["I've been keeping up with","aiv-bin-KEEP-ing-UP-with","Tôi đã theo kịp với…","More or less, I've been keeping up with my daily goals."],["I'm still trying to","aim-STIL-TRAI-ing-tuh","Tôi vẫn đang cố gắng…","Even so, I'm still trying to figure out the best approach."],["I'm still figuring out","aim-STIL-FIG-yer-ing-AUT","Tôi vẫn đang tìm hiểu…","At this point, I'm still figuring out what works best for me."],["I'm still getting used to","aim-STIL-GED-ing-YOOST-tuh","Tôi vẫn đang quen dần với…","More or less, I'm still getting used to this new routine."],["I'm finally starting to","aim-FAI-nuh-lee-START-ing-tuh","Cuối cùng tôi đã bắt đầu…","After all this time, I'm finally starting to see real progress."],["I'm gradually learning to","aim-GRAJ-oo-ul-ee-LERN-ing-tuh","Tôi đang dần học cách…","Over time, I'm gradually learning to deal with stress better."],["I've been making an effort to","aiv-bin-MAYK-ing-un-EF-ert-tuh","Tôi đã cố gắng…","Going forward, I've been making an effort to stay positive."],["I know it's not easy to","ai-NOH-its-not-EE-zee-tuh","Tôi biết không dễ để…","Having said that, I know it's not easy to change overnight."],["I get the sense that","ai-GET-thuh-SENS-thæt","Tôi cảm nhận được rằng…","More often than not, I get the sense that I'm on the right path."],["I get the feeling that","ai-GET-thuh-FEEL-ing-thæt","Tôi có cảm giác rằng…","Out of the blue, I get the feeling that something's about to change."],["I had no idea that","ai-HÆD-noh-ai-DEE-uh-thæt","Tôi không hay biết rằng…","Come to think of it, I had no idea that this would be so hard."],["I take pride in","ai-TAYK-PRAID-in","Tôi tự hào về…","Above all, I take pride in doing my best every single day."],["I take comfort in","ai-TAYK-KUM-fert-in","Tôi tìm thấy sự an ủi trong…","Deep down, I take comfort in knowing I'm making progress."],["I take issue with","ai-TAYK-ISH-yoo-WITH","Tôi phản đối / không đồng ý với…","To be honest, I take issue with just doing the bare minimum."],["I'm making it my mission to","aim-MAYK-ing-it-mai-MISH-un-tuh","Tôi đang biến nó thành sứ mệnh của mình để…","Going forward, I'm making it my mission to get back on track."],["I'm making a conscious effort to","aim-MAYK-ing-uh-KON-shus-EF-ert-tuh","Tôi đang có ý thức cố gắng để…","From now on, I'm making a conscious effort to stay focused."],["I'm coming to terms with","aim-KUM-ing-tuh-TERMZ-WITH","Tôi đang chấp nhận / hòa giải với…","Over time, I'm coming to terms with the idea of taking it slow."],["I've been known to","aiv-bin-NOHN-tuh","Tôi từng nổi tiếng với việc / hay có xu hướng…","To be fair, I've been known to get carried away sometimes."],["I wouldn't mind","ai-WUDNT-MAIND","Tôi không phiền / sẵn lòng…","Having said that, I wouldn't mind giving it another shot."],["I wouldn't hesitate to","ai-WUDNT-HEZ-uh-tayt-tuh","Tôi không do dự khi…","Above all, I wouldn't hesitate to go the extra mile for this."],["I wouldn't rule out","ai-WUDNT-ROOL-aut","Tôi không loại trừ…","At this stage, I wouldn't rule out starting over from scratch."],["I find it rewarding to","ai-FAIND-it-ri-WORD-ing-tuh","Tôi thấy có ý nghĩa / xứng đáng khi…","More often than not, I find it rewarding to push through the pain."],["I find it frustrating when","ai-FAIND-it-frus-TRAYT-ing-wen","Tôi thấy bực bội khi…","To be honest, I find it frustrating when I fall behind schedule."],["I find it motivating when","ai-FAIND-it-MOH-tuh-vayt-ing-wen","Tôi thấy có động lực khi…","Right off the bat, I find it motivating when I see real progress."],["I can't help thinking that","ai-cænt-HELP-THINK-ing-thæt","Tôi không thể không nghĩ rằng…","Deep down, I can't help thinking that I could do better."],["I can't help feeling that","ai-cænt-HELP-FEEL-ing-thæt","Tôi không thể không cảm thấy rằng…","Even so, I can't help feeling that I'm on the right track."],["I can't pretend that","ai-cænt-pri-TEND-thæt","Tôi không thể giả vờ rằng…","To be honest, I can't pretend that this has been easy."],["I can't deny that","ai-cænt-di-NAI-thæt","Tôi không thể phủ nhận rằng…","At the end of the day, I can't deny that I've made mistakes."],["I can't ignore the fact that","ai-cænt-ig-NOR-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Tôi không thể bỏ qua thực tế rằng…","In all honesty, I can't ignore the fact that I need to change."],["I'd go as far as to say","aid-GOH-æz-FAR-æz-tuh-SAY","Tôi dám nói rằng…","On the whole, I'd go as far as to say this has changed my life."],["I tend to get","ai-TEN-tuh-GET","Tôi hay trở nên / dễ bị…","More often than not, I tend to get distracted by small things."],["I tend to avoid","ai-TEN-tuh-uh-VOID","Tôi có xu hướng tránh né…","To be honest, I tend to avoid difficult conversations."],["I'm always the one who","aim-AWL-weez-thuh-WUN-hoo","Tôi luôn là người…","Come to think of it, I'm always the one who ends up overthinking."],["I'm the type who tends to","aim-thuh-TAIP-hoo-TENDZ-tuh","Tôi là kiểu người hay…","In all honesty, I'm the type who tends to take on too much."],["I've never been good at","aiv-NEV-er-bin-GUD-æt","Tôi chưa bao giờ giỏi về…","To be fair, I've never been good at asking for help."],["I've always had trouble with","aiv-AWL-weez-hæd-TRUB-ul-WITH","Tôi luôn gặp khó khăn với…","In all honesty, I've always had trouble with staying consistent."],["I just can't seem to","ai-JUST-cænt-SEEM-tuh","Tôi cứ không thể…","More often than not, I just can't seem to stick to a plan."],["I still can't quite","ai-STIL-cænt-KWAIT","Tôi vẫn chưa hoàn toàn…","At this point, I still can't quite get the hang of it."],["I honestly don't know how to","ai-AH-nest-lee-DOHNT-noh-HAU-tuh","Thật lòng tôi không biết cách…","To be honest, I honestly don't know how to deal with this."],["I honestly couldn't care less about","ai-AH-nest-lee-KUDNT-ker-LES-uh-BAUT","Tôi thực sự không quan tâm đến…","At this point, I honestly couldn't care less about what others think."],["I sincerely believe that","ai-sin-SEER-lee-bi-LEEV-thæt","Tôi thật lòng tin rằng…","Above all, I sincerely believe that effort makes the difference."],["I seriously doubt that","ai-SEER-ee-us-lee-DAUT-thæt","Tôi thực sự nghi ngờ rằng…","Having said that, I seriously doubt that it'll change overnight."],["I strongly feel that","ai-STRONG-lee-FEEL-thæt","Tôi cảm thấy mạnh mẽ rằng…","On the whole, I strongly feel that consistency is non-negotiable."],["I deeply care about","ai-DEEP-lee-KER-uh-BAUT","Tôi quan tâm sâu sắc đến…","More than anything, I deeply care about making real progress."],["I wholeheartedly agree that","ai-HOHL-HART-id-lee-uh-GREE-thæt","Tôi đồng ý hoàn toàn rằng…","At the end of the day, I wholeheartedly agree that rest matters."],["I'm torn between","aim-TORN-bi-WEEN","Tôi đang lưỡng lự giữa…","Right now, I'm torn between pushing harder and taking a break."],["I'm in two minds about","aim-IN-too-MAINDZ-uh-BAUT","Tôi lưỡng lự / chưa quyết được về…","To be honest, I'm in two minds about whether to change my approach."],["I'd be the first to admit","aid-bee-thuh-FERST-tuh-æd-MIT","Tôi sẽ là người đầu tiên thừa nhận…","In all honesty, I'd be the first to admit that I've been inconsistent."],["I'd be surprised if","aid-bee-sur-PRAIZD-IF","Tôi sẽ ngạc nhiên nếu…","Having said that, I'd be surprised if things didn't get better."],["I wouldn't be surprised if","ai-WUDNT-bee-sur-PRAIZD-IF","Tôi sẽ không ngạc nhiên nếu…","At this rate, I wouldn't be surprised if I hit a wall soon."],["I've always wanted to","aiv-AWL-weez-WON-tid-tuh","Tôi luôn muốn…","Deep down, I've always wanted to step out of my comfort zone."],["I never imagined I'd","ai-NEV-er-ih-MÆJ-ind-aid","Tôi không bao giờ tưởng tượng mình sẽ…","Come to think of it, I never imagined I'd come this far."],["I always assumed that","ai-AWL-weez-uh-SYOOMD-thæt","Tôi luôn giả định rằng…","In retrospect, I always assumed that it would be easier than this."],["I'm slowly but surely","aim-SLOH-lee-but-SHOR-lee","Tôi đang chậm mà chắc…","Over time, I'm slowly but surely getting back on track."],["I'm progressively becoming","aim-proh-GRES-iv-lee-bi-KUM-ing","Tôi đang ngày càng trở thành…","Without a doubt, I'm progressively becoming more disciplined."],["If I had to choose","IF-ai-HÆD-tuh-CHOOZ","Nếu tôi phải chọn…","All things considered, if I had to choose, I'd pick consistency."],["If I'm being honest","IF-aim-BEE-ing-AH-nest","Nếu nói thật…","If I'm being honest, I've been struggling more than I let on."],["If anything, I","IF-EH-nee-thing-ai","Nếu có gì thì tôi…","Come to think of it, if anything, I've become more self-aware."],["Even if I wanted to","EE-vun-IF-ai-WON-tid-tuh","Dù tôi có muốn…","Needless to say, even if I wanted to quit, I can't."],["I've heard that","aiv-HERD-thæt","Tôi đã nghe rằng…","As far as I know, I've heard that small habits make a big impact."],["I've been told that","aiv-bin-TOHLD-thæt","Tôi đã được nói rằng…","More often than not, I've been told that I need to slow down."],["I sort of feel like","ai-SORT-ov-FEEL-laik","Tôi có phần cảm thấy như…","In a way, I sort of feel like I've been overthinking this."],["I kind of get the sense that","ai-KAIND-ov-GET-thuh-SENS-thæt","Tôi có phần cảm nhận rằng…","More or less, I kind of get the sense that things are improving."],["I partially agree that","ai-PAR-shuh-lee-uh-GREE-thæt","Tôi đồng ý một phần rằng…","To be fair, I partially agree that balance is key."],["I'd be happy to","aid-bee-HÆ-pee-tuh","Tôi sẵn lòng…","By all means, I'd be happy to give it another try."],["I'd be more than happy to","aid-bee-MOR-thæn-HÆ-pee-tuh","Tôi rất sẵn lòng…","Above all, I'd be more than happy to go the extra mile."],["Looking back, I","LUK-ing-BÆK-ai","Nhìn lại, tôi…","In retrospect, looking back, I can see how far I've come."],["Thinking about it now","THINK-ing-uh-BAUT-it-NAU","Nghĩ về nó lúc này…","Come to think of it, thinking about it now, I should have started sooner."],["As I see it","æz-ai-SEE-it","Theo như tôi thấy…","On the whole, as I see it, slow progress is still progress."],["From where I stand","frum-WER-ai-STÆND","Từ vị trí tôi đang đứng / theo quan điểm của tôi…","In all honesty, from where I stand, effort is the only way forward."],["As I understand it","æz-ai-UN-der-stænd-IT","Theo như tôi hiểu…","As far as I know, as I understand it, the key is staying consistent."],["I'm gradually moving towards","aim-GRAJ-oo-ul-ee-MOOV-ing-tuh-WORDZ","Tôi đang dần tiến về phía…","Over time, I'm gradually moving towards a more disciplined lifestyle."],["I'm making peace with","aim-MAYK-ing-PEES-WITH","Tôi đang chấp nhận / hòa giải với…","At some point, I'm making peace with the idea of taking it slow."],["I'm slowly coming to grips with","aim-SLOH-lee-KUM-ing-tuh-GRIPS-WITH","Tôi đang dần nắm bắt được…","Over time, I'm slowly coming to grips with how to manage my time."],["I find it natural to","ai-FAIND-it-NÆCH-er-ul-tuh","Tôi thấy tự nhiên khi…","By and large, I find it natural to wake up early and plan my day."],["I've been going through","aiv-bin-GOH-ing-THROO","Tôi đã trải qua…","To be honest, I've been going through a tough patch lately."],["I've been catching up on","aiv-bin-KÆCH-ing-UP-on","Tôi đã đang bắt kịp…","In the meantime, I've been catching up on work I put off."],["I've been focusing on","aiv-bin-FOH-kus-ing-ON","Tôi đã đang tập trung vào…","At the moment, I've been focusing on building one habit at a time."],["I'm no longer","aim-NOH-LONG-er","Tôi không còn…","Having said that, I'm no longer willing to take shortcuts."],["I'm already starting to","aim-AWL-RED-ee-START-ing-tuh","Tôi đã bắt đầu…","Right off the bat, I'm already starting to see the difference."],["I've got every reason to","aiv-GOT-EV-ree-REE-zun-tuh","Tôi có đủ mọi lý do để…","All things considered, I've got every reason to keep pushing forward."],["I find it comforting to know that","ai-FAIND-it-KUM-fer-ting-tuh-NOH-thæt","Tôi thấy an ủi khi biết rằng…","Deep down, I find it comforting to know that progress takes time."],["I'm starting to come around to","aim-START-ing-tuh-KUM-uh-RAUND-tuh","Tôi đang dần đồng ý / chấp nhận…","Over time, I'm starting to come around to the idea of slowing down."],["I've always dreamed of","aiv-AWL-weez-DREEMD-ov","Tôi luôn mơ ước…","Deep down, I've always dreamed of being completely self-disciplined."],["I never planned to","ai-NEV-er-PLÆND-tuh","Tôi chưa bao giờ có kế hoạch…","Come to think of it, I never planned to take this long."],["I always intended to","ai-AWL-weez-in-TEN-did-tuh","Tôi luôn có ý định…","In retrospect, I always intended to start earlier than I did."],["I'm making the best of","aim-MAYK-ing-thuh-BEST-ov","Tôi đang tận dụng tối đa…","At this point, I'm making the best of the situation I'm in."],["I'm beginning to warm up to","aim-bi-GIN-ing-tuh-WORM-UP-tuh","Tôi đang dần thích/chấp nhận…","Having said that, I'm beginning to warm up to the idea of asking for help."],["I can't quite decide","ai-cænt-KWAIT-di-SAID","Tôi không thể quyết định được…","At this rate, I can't quite decide which habit to build first."],["I'm at a crossroads","aim-æt-uh-KROS-rohdz","Tôi đang ở ngã tư đường / bước ngoặt…","To be honest, I'm at a crossroads about which direction to take."],["I'm second-guessing myself","aim-SEK-und-GES-ing-mai-SELF","Tôi đang tự nghi ngờ bản thân…","At this point, I'm second-guessing myself more than I should."],["I'm putting myself under pressure to","aim-PUT-ing-mai-SELF-UN-der-PRESH-ur-tuh","Tôi đang tự tạo áp lực để…","Needless to say, I'm putting myself under pressure to perform."],["I've been overthinking","aiv-bin-OH-ver-THINK-ing","Tôi đã đang suy nghĩ quá nhiều…","To be honest, I've been overthinking instead of just taking action."],["I need to remind myself to","ai-NEED-tuh-ri-MAIND-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi cần nhắc nhở bản thân…","On a daily basis, I need to remind myself to take it one step at a time."],["I tend to be too hard on myself","ai-TEN-tuh-bee-too-HARD-on-mai-SELF","Tôi hay tự khắt khe với bản thân quá…","In all honesty, I tend to be too hard on myself when I slip up."],["I'm starting to question","aim-START-ing-tuh-KWES-chun","Tôi đang bắt đầu đặt câu hỏi…","At this point, I'm starting to question whether my approach is working."],["I'm beginning to doubt","aim-bi-GIN-ing-tuh-DAUT","Tôi đang bắt đầu nghi ngờ…","Even so, I'm beginning to doubt whether I can sustain this pace."],["I'm learning to be okay with","aim-LERN-ing-tuh-bee-OH-kay-WITH","Tôi đang học cách chấp nhận…","Over time, I'm learning to be okay with not being perfect."],["I'm allowing myself to","aim-uh-LAU-ing-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đang cho phép bản thân…","For once, I'm allowing myself to take things at my own pace."],["I'm challenging myself to","aim-CHÆL-unj-ing-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đang tự thách thức bản thân…","Going forward, I'm challenging myself to step out of my comfort zone."],["I'm holding myself accountable for","aim-HOHLD-ing-mai-SELF-uh-KAUNT-uh-bul-for","Tôi đang tự chịu trách nhiệm về…","First and foremost, I'm holding myself accountable for my own results."],["I'm giving myself permission to","aim-GIV-ing-mai-SELF-per-MISH-un-tuh","Tôi đang tự cho phép mình…","For once, I'm giving myself permission to slow down and breathe."],["I'm putting it into practice","aim-PUT-ing-it-IN-tuh-PRÆK-tis","Tôi đang áp dụng vào thực tế…","Going forward, I'm putting it into practice one day at a time."],["I'm reframing how I think about","aim-ree-FRAYM-ing-hau-ai-THINK-uh-BAUT","Tôi đang thay đổi cách nhìn về…","Over time, I'm reframing how I think about failure."],["I'm no stranger to","aim-NOH-STRAYN-jer-tuh","Tôi không xa lạ gì với…","To be honest, I'm no stranger to feeling overwhelmed."],["I'm done making excuses for","aim-DUN-MAYK-ing-ek-SKYOO-siz-for","Tôi không còn biện hộ cho…","At this point, I'm done making excuses for not following through."],["I'm trying to be more intentional about","aim-TRAI-ing-tuh-bee-mor-in-TEN-shun-ul-uh-BAUT","Tôi đang cố có chủ đích hơn về…","Going forward, I'm trying to be more intentional about how I spend my time."],["I've come a long way since","aiv-KUM-uh-LONG-way-SINS","Tôi đã đi một chặng đường dài từ…","All things considered, I've come a long way since I first started."],["I'm not where I want to be yet but","aim-not-WER-ai-WONT-tuh-bee-yet-but","Tôi chưa đến nơi mình muốn nhưng…","Even so, I'm not where I want to be yet but I'm getting there."],["I'd like to get to a point where","aid-LAIK-tuh-GET-tuh-uh-POINT-wer","Tôi muốn đạt đến giai đoạn mà…","In the long run, I'd like to get to a point where this feels effortless."],["I make no apology for","ai-MAYK-noh-uh-POL-uh-jee-for","Tôi không xin lỗi vì…","Above all, I make no apology for putting my growth first."],["I refuse to","ai-ri-FYOOZ-tuh","Tôi từ chối / kiên quyết không…","At this point, I refuse to settle for less than my best."],["I'm not about to","aim-not-uh-BAUT-tuh","Tôi không có ý định sắp…","Needless to say, I'm not about to give up on this now."],["It's becoming clear to me that","its-bi-KUM-ing-KLEER-tuh-mee-thæt","Tôi đang ngày càng nhận ra rằng…","Over time, it's becoming clear to me that small steps add up."],["It's dawning on me that","its-DAWN-ing-ON-mee-thæt","Tôi đang chợt nhận ra rằng…","Out of the blue, it's dawning on me that I've been doing this wrong."],["The more I think about it","thuh-MOR-ai-THINK-uh-BAUT-IT","Càng nghĩ về nó tôi càng…","Come to think of it, the more I think about it, the more sense it makes."],["The sooner I","thuh-SOO-ner-ai","Càng sớm tôi…","At this point, the sooner I take action, the better."],["The longer I wait","thuh-LONG-er-ai-WAYT","Càng đợi lâu hơn…","Needless to say, the longer I wait, the harder it'll be."],["No matter how hard I try","noh-MÆ-ter-hau-HARD-ai-TRAI","Dù tôi có cố bao nhiêu…","Even so, no matter how hard I try, some days are just tough."],["The moment I","thuh-MOH-ment-ai","Ngay khi tôi…","Right off the bat, the moment I stop overthinking, I do better."],["Every time I","EV-ree-TAIM-ai","Mỗi lần tôi…","More often than not, every time I skip a day, I feel it."],["I'm working towards a point where","aim-WER-king-tuh-WORDZ-uh-POINT-wer","Tôi đang hướng đến giai đoạn mà…","In the long run, I'm working towards a point where this is automatic."],["I'm trying to get to the stage where","aim-TRAI-ing-tuh-GET-tuh-thuh-STAYJ-wer","Tôi đang cố đến giai đoạn mà…","Going forward, I'm trying to get to the stage where I don't need reminders."],["I've set my sights on","aiv-SET-mai-SAITS-ON","Tôi đã nhắm đến…","Above all, I've set my sights on becoming more disciplined."],["I'm taking it as a sign that","aim-TAYK-ing-it-æz-uh-SAIN-thæt","Tôi xem đó là dấu hiệu rằng…","Come to think of it, I'm taking it as a sign that I need to change."],["I've been wrestling with","aiv-bin-RES-ling-WITH","Tôi đã vật lộn với…","To be honest, I've been wrestling with how to balance work and rest."],["I'm beginning to see that","aim-bi-GIN-ing-tuh-SEE-thæt","Tôi đang bắt đầu nhận ra rằng…","Over time, I'm beginning to see that patience is truly a superpower."],["I'm making a habit of","aim-MAYK-ing-uh-HÆ-bit-ov","Tôi đang hình thành thói quen…","Going forward, I'm making a habit of reviewing my progress weekly."],["I feel a sense of","ai-FEEL-uh-SENS-ov","Tôi cảm thấy một cảm giác…","At the end of the day, I feel a sense of pride in showing up daily."],["I've got to the stage where","aiv-GOT-tuh-thuh-STAYJ-wer","Tôi đã đến giai đoạn mà…","Having said that, I've got to the stage where I trust the process."],["I'm operating on the assumption that","aim-OP-er-ayt-ing-on-thuh-uh-SUMP-shun-thæt","Tôi đang hoạt động dựa trên giả định rằng…","All things considered, I'm operating on the assumption that it'll get easier."],["I'm coming to the realization that","aim-KUM-ing-tuh-thuh-ree-ul-ai-ZAY-shun-thæt","Tôi đang dần nhận ra rằng…","In the long run, I'm coming to the realization that process beats perfection."],["I'm going to make it a priority to","aim-GOH-ing-tuh-MAYK-it-uh-prai-OR-uh-tee-tuh","Tôi sẽ ưu tiên việc…","Going forward, I'm going to make it a priority to protect my focus time."],["I find myself wanting to","ai-FAIND-mai-SELF-WON-ting-tuh","Tôi nhận thấy bản thân muốn…","Every now and then, I find myself wanting to just give up."],["I know what it's like to","ai-NOH-wut-its-LAIK-tuh","Tôi biết cảm giác…","From experience, I know what it's like to hit rock bottom and come back."],["I've been in a situation where","aiv-bin-IN-uh-sich-yoo-AY-shun-wer","Tôi đã từng ở trong tình huống mà…","More than once, I've been in a situation where I had to start over."],["I'm not going to pretend that","aim-not-GOH-ing-tuh-pri-TEND-thæt","Tôi sẽ không giả vờ rằng…","To be honest, I'm not going to pretend that this has been smooth."],["I'm choosing to focus on","aim-CHOOZ-ing-tuh-FOH-kus-ON","Tôi đang chọn tập trung vào…","From now on, I'm choosing to focus on what I can control."],["I'm letting go of the idea that","aim-LET-ing-GOH-ov-thuh-ai-DEE-uh-thæt","Tôi đang buông bỏ ý niệm rằng…","At this point, I'm letting go of the idea that it has to be perfect."],["I'm giving it everything I've got","aim-GIV-ing-it-EV-ree-thing-aiv-GOT","Tôi đang dốc hết sức mình vào…","At the end of the day, I'm giving it everything I've got."],["I'm taking ownership of","aim-TAYK-ing-OH-ner-ship-ov","Tôi đang chịu trách nhiệm với…","Above all, I'm taking ownership of my own growth and progress."],["I've stopped waiting for","aiv-STOPT-WAYT-ing-for","Tôi đã ngừng chờ đợi…","At this point, I've stopped waiting for the perfect moment to start."],["I've accepted the fact that","aiv-æk-SEP-tid-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Tôi đã chấp nhận thực tế rằng…","In hindsight, I've accepted the fact that progress is rarely linear."],["I'm taking responsibility for","aim-TAYK-ing-ri-spon-suh-BIL-uh-tee-for","Tôi đang chịu trách nhiệm cho…","First and foremost, I'm taking responsibility for where I am right now."],["I've realized it's time to","aiv-REE-uh-laizd-its-TAIM-tuh","Tôi nhận ra đã đến lúc…","At some point, I've realized it's time to make a real change."],["I'm in the process of","aim-IN-thuh-PROS-es-ov","Tôi đang trong quá trình…","At the moment, I'm in the process of building a better routine."],["I've been reflecting on","aiv-bin-ri-FLEK-ting-ON","Tôi đã đang suy ngẫm về…","In the meantime, I've been reflecting on what truly matters to me."],["I'm starting to trust","aim-START-ing-tuh-TRUST","Tôi đang bắt đầu tin tưởng…","Over time, I'm starting to trust the process more and more."],["I know it won't happen overnight but","ai-NOH-it-WOHNT-HÆ-pun-OH-ver-nait-but","Tôi biết không thể thay đổi ngay nhưng…","Having said that, I know it won't happen overnight but I'm committed."],["I'm putting one foot in front of the other","aim-PUT-ing-WUN-FUT-in-FRUNT-ov-thuh-UTH-er","Tôi đang từng bước một tiến lên…","Even on hard days, I'm putting one foot in front of the other."],["I'm not letting setbacks define me","aim-not-LET-ing-SET-bæks-di-FAIN-mee","Tôi không để thất bại định nghĩa mình…","Above all, I'm not letting setbacks define me or slow me down."],["I've been experimenting with","aiv-bin-ek-SPER-uh-ment-ing-WITH","Tôi đã đang thử nghiệm với…","At the moment, I've been experimenting with different approaches."],["I'm in it for the long haul","aim-IN-it-for-thuh-LONG-hawl","Tôi theo đuổi lâu dài…","Without a doubt, I'm in it for the long haul, not just quick results."],["I've stopped comparing myself to","aiv-STOPT-kum-PER-ing-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đã ngừng so sánh bản thân với…","At this point, I've stopped comparing myself to where others are."],["I'm running the numbers on","aim-RUN-ing-thuh-NUM-berz-ON","Tôi đang tính toán / cân nhắc…","Come to think of it, I'm running the numbers on whether this is sustainable."],["I'm testing the limits of","aim-TEST-ing-thuh-LIM-its-ov","Tôi đang thử giới hạn của…","At this stage, I'm testing the limits of what I can handle."],["I genuinely don't know","ai-JEN-yoo-in-lee-DOHNT-NOH","Tôi thật sự không biết…","In all honesty, I genuinely don't know what the right answer is."],["I legitimately struggle with","ai-luh-JIT-uh-mit-lee-STRUG-ul-WITH","Tôi thực sự gặp khó khăn với…","To be fair, I legitimately struggle with staying consistent long-term."],["I've made peace with the fact that","aiv-MAYD-PEES-with-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Tôi đã chấp nhận thực tế rằng…","All in all, I've made peace with the fact that growth takes time."],["I find it easier said than done to","ai-FAIND-it-EE-zee-er-SED-thæn-DUN-tuh","Tôi thấy dễ nói hơn làm khi…","To be honest, I find it easier said than done to stay positive."],["I'm under no illusion that","aim-UN-der-noh-ih-LOO-zhun-thæt","Tôi không ảo tưởng rằng…","In all honesty, I'm under no illusion that this will be easy."],["I'm well aware that","aim-WEL-uh-WER-thæt","Tôi hoàn toàn ý thức được rằng…","Needless to say, I'm well aware that I need to step it up."],["I'm the first to acknowledge that","aim-thuh-FERST-tuh-æk-NOL-ij-thæt","Tôi là người đầu tiên thừa nhận rằng…","In all honesty, I'm the first to acknowledge that I have room to grow."],["I can only do so much","ai-kun-OHN-lee-doo-SOH-MUCH","Tôi chỉ có thể làm được một mức nhất định…","At this point, I can only do so much in a single day."],["I'm trying not to","aim-TRAI-ing-NOT-tuh","Tôi đang cố không…","Even so, I'm trying not to put too much pressure on myself."],["I promised myself I'd","ai-PROM-ist-mai-SELF-aid","Tôi đã hứa với bản thân rằng…","At some point, I promised myself I'd stop making the same mistakes."],["I'm in the habit now of","aim-IN-thuh-HÆ-bit-NAU-ov","Tôi đã có thói quen bây giờ là…","Going forward, I'm in the habit now of reviewing my goals daily."],["I've built a system where","aiv-BILT-uh-SIS-tum-wer","Tôi đã xây dựng một hệ thống mà…","Over time, I've built a system where I don't have to rely on motivation."],["I'm anchoring myself to","aim-ÆNG-ker-ing-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đang bám vào / lấy làm nền tảng…","Going forward, I'm anchoring myself to a few non-negotiable habits."],["I'm at my best when","aim-æt-mai-BEST-wen","Tôi làm tốt nhất khi…","More often than not, I'm at my best when I have a clear routine."],["I'm at my worst when","aim-æt-mai-WERST-wen","Tôi làm kém nhất khi…","To be honest, I'm at my worst when I don't get enough sleep."],["I've realized the hard way that","aiv-REE-uh-laizd-thuh-HARD-way-thæt","Tôi đã học được bài học khó rằng…","In retrospect, I've realized the hard way that shortcuts don't work."],["I'm treading carefully when it comes to","aim-TRED-ing-KER-ful-ee-wen-it-KUMZ-tuh","Tôi đang cẩn thận với…","Having said that, I'm treading carefully when it comes to new commitments."],["I'm drawing a line at","aim-DRAW-ing-uh-LAIN-æt","Tôi đang đặt giới hạn ở…","At this point, I'm drawing a line at taking on more than I can handle."],["I've started to notice that","aiv-START-id-tuh-NOH-tis-thæt","Tôi đã bắt đầu nhận thấy rằng…","Over time, I've started to notice that my mindset has shifted."],["I'm leaning on","aim-LEE-ning-ON","Tôi đang dựa vào / nhờ cậy…","Going through tough times, I'm leaning on the habits I've built."],["I'm making room for","aim-MAYK-ing-ROOM-for","Tôi đang tạo chỗ cho…","Going forward, I'm making room for more rest in my schedule."],["I'm zeroing in on","aim-ZEER-oh-ing-IN-on","Tôi đang tập trung vào / nhắm vào…","Right now, I'm zeroing in on the one habit that makes the most impact."],["I'm betting on myself to","aim-BET-ing-ON-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi đang đặt cược vào bản thân để…","At this point, I'm betting on myself to figure this out."],["I'm doubling down on","aim-DUB-ling-DAUN-ON","Tôi đang tăng gấp đôi nỗ lực vào…","Going forward, I'm doubling down on the habits that are working."],["I'm building up to","aim-BILD-ing-UP-tuh","Tôi đang tích lũy / chuẩn bị để…","Slowly but surely, I'm building up to a point where this feels natural."],["I'm not willing to settle for","aim-not-WIL-ing-tuh-SET-ul-for","Tôi không chịu chấp nhận…","Above all, I'm not willing to settle for mediocrity."],["I'm setting the bar higher for","aim-SET-ing-thuh-BAR-HAI-er-for","Tôi đang nâng cao tiêu chuẩn cho…","Going forward, I'm setting the bar higher for myself this month."],["I'm carving out time for","aim-KAR-ving-AUT-TAIM-for","Tôi đang dành thời gian cho…","More intentionally, I'm carving out time for what truly matters."],["I'm circling back to","aim-SER-kling-BÆK-tuh","Tôi đang quay lại / nhìn lại…","Come to think of it, I'm circling back to the basics."],["I find it hard to justify","ai-FAIND-it-HARD-tuh-JUS-tuh-fai","Tôi thấy khó biện hộ cho…","In all honesty, I find it hard to justify skipping a day."],["I'm grappling with the idea of","aim-GRÆP-ling-WITH-thuh-ai-DEE-uh-ov","Tôi đang vật lộn với ý tưởng…","At this point, I'm grappling with the idea of starting over."],["I'm in a better position now to","aim-IN-uh-BED-er-puh-ZI-shun-NAU-tuh","Tôi đang ở vị trí tốt hơn để…","All things considered, I'm in a better position now to tackle this."],["I'm working up the courage to","aim-WER-king-UP-thuh-KUR-ij-tuh","Tôi đang lấy dũng khí để…","Slowly but surely, I'm working up the courage to make a change."],["I've been putting a lot of thought into","aiv-bin-PUT-ing-uh-LOT-ov-THAWT-IN-tuh","Tôi đã suy nghĩ rất nhiều về…","In the meantime, I've been putting a lot of thought into my next steps."],["I'm looking at this as an opportunity to","aim-LUK-ing-æt-THIS-æz-un-op-er-TOO-nuh-tee-tuh","Tôi xem đây là cơ hội để…","On the bright side, I'm looking at this as an opportunity to grow."],["I'm treating this as a chance to","aim-TREET-ing-THIS-æz-uh-CHÆNS-tuh","Tôi xem đây là cơ hội để…","All in all, I'm treating this setback as a chance to come back stronger."],["I've been going back and forth on","aiv-bin-GOH-ing-BÆK-un-FORTH-ON","Tôi đã do dự qua lại về…","To be honest, I've been going back and forth on whether to change."],["I feel like I owe it to myself to","ai-FEEL-laik-ai-OH-it-tuh-mai-SELF-tuh","Tôi cảm thấy tôi nợ bản thân điều này…","At the end of the day, I feel like I owe it to myself to give it my all."],["I'm playing the long game when it comes to","aim-PLAY-ing-thuh-LONG-gaym-wen-it-KUMZ-tuh","Tôi đang chơi cuộc chơi dài hơi với…","In the grand scheme of things, I'm playing the long game when it comes to growth."]]
[["By and large","bai-un-LARJ","Nhìn chung, phần lớn","By and large, I tend to make the most of my time."],["At the moment","æt-thuh-MOH-ment","Hiện tại, lúc này","At the moment, I'm struggling to keep in touch with everyone."],["As a matter of fact","æz-uh-MÆ-ter-ov-FÆCT","Thực ra mà nói","As a matter of fact, I'm determined to save up money."],["In the grand scheme of things","in-thuh-GRÆND-skeem-ov-THINGZ","Nhìn theo bức tranh tổng thể","In the grand scheme of things, small habits make a big difference."],["To be honest","tuh-bee-AH-nest","Thành thật mà nói","To be honest, I can't afford to fall behind schedule."],["At the end of the day","æt-thee-END-ov-thuh-DAY","Cuối cùng thì, xét cho cùng","At the end of the day, I'm willing to go the extra mile."],["On the other hand","on-thee-UTH-er-HÆND","Mặt khác","On the other hand, I find it hard to deal with stress."],["All things considered","awl-THINGZ-kun-SID-erd","Xét tất cả mọi mặt","All things considered, I've decided to stick to a routine."],["For the most part","for-thuh-MOAST-part","Phần lớn, hầu hết","For the most part, I'm used to waking up early."],["In the long run","in-thuh-LONG-run","Về lâu dài","In the long run, I'm planning to make ends meet."],["Having said that","HÆV-ing-SED-thæt","Mặc dù vậy, dù sao thì","Having said that, I'm determined to get back on track."],["More often than not","mor-OF-un-thæn-NOT","Thường thì, phần nhiều là","More often than not, I tend to lose track of time."],["Now and then","nau-un-THEN","Thỉnh thoảng","Now and then, I can't help but take a break."],["Sooner or later","SOO-ner-or-LAY-ter","Sớm hay muộn","Sooner or later, I'm likely to hit a wall."],["On top of that","on-TOP-ov-thæt","Trên hết, hơn nữa","On top of that, I'm struggling to save up money."],["First and foremost","FERST-un-FOR-moast","Trước tiên và quan trọng nhất","First and foremost, I need to set a clear goal."],["In a way","in-uh-WAY","Theo một nghĩa nào đó","In a way, I'm used to dealing with stress."],["Deep down","DEEP-daun","Tận sâu trong lòng","Deep down, I'm convinced that I can figure things out."],["Right off the bat","rait-OFF-thuh-BÆT","Ngay lập tức, ngay từ đầu","Right off the bat, I tend to pay attention to details."],["Every now and then","EV-ree-nau-un-THEN","Thỉnh thoảng, đôi khi","Every now and then, I'm tempted to get carried away."],["At some point","æt-SUM-point","Vào một lúc nào đó","At some point, I've decided to move on with life."],["On a daily basis","on-uh-DAY-lee-BAY-sis","Hàng ngày, đều đặn","On a daily basis, I find it hard to stay organized."],["In the meantime","in-thuh-MEEN-taim","Trong thời gian đó, trong lúc chờ","In the meantime, I'm planning to catch up on work."],["To put it simply","tuh-PUT-it-SIM-plee","Nói một cách đơn giản","To put it simply, I'm starting to make progress."],["As far as I know","æz-FAR-æz-ai-NOH","Theo như tôi biết","As far as I know, I'm supposed to set a goal first."],["Out of the blue","aut-ov-thuh-BLOO","Bất ngờ, đột nhiên không báo trước","Out of the blue, I ended up hitting a wall."],["On the whole","on-thuh-HOHL","Nhìn tổng thể, nói chung","On the whole, I tend to make the most of opportunities."],["Come to think of it","kum-tuh-THINK-ov-it","Nghĩ lại thì, mà nói thật","Come to think of it, I've been taking things for granted."],["For what it's worth","for-wut-its-WERTH","Dù có đáng hay không, dù sao","For what it's worth, I'm willing to give it a shot."],["At the very least","æt-thuh-VER-ee-LEEST","Ít nhất là","At the very least, I'm trying to take care of myself."],["Needless to say","NEED-lus-tuh-SAY","Không cần phải nói cũng biết","Needless to say, I can't afford to burn out quickly."],["In the short term","in-thuh-SHORT-term","Trong ngắn hạn","In the short term, I'm determined to cut back on expenses."],["More or less","mor-or-LES","Nhiều hay ít, khoảng chừng","More or less, I tend to stick to a routine."],["Without a doubt","with-AUT-uh-DAUT","Không còn nghi ngờ gì, chắc chắn","Without a doubt, I'm committed to making progress every day."],["To some extent","tuh-SUM-ek-STENT","Ở một mức độ nào đó","To some extent, I find it hard to stay motivated."],["In all honesty","in-AWL-AH-nes-tee","Thành thật mà nói (nhấn mạnh hơn)","In all honesty, I'm not sure I can handle the pressure."],["Believe it or not","bi-LEEV-it-or-NOT","Tin hay không thì tùy","Believe it or not, I'm starting to enjoy the challenge."],["If anything","if-EH-nee-thing","Nếu có điều gì / nếu phải nói thì","If anything, this experience made me more determined."],["As it turns out","æz-it-TERNZ-aut","Thì ra là / hóa ra","As it turns out, I'm better at this than I thought."],["All of a sudden","awl-ov-uh-SUD-un","Đột nhiên, bỗng nhiên","All of a sudden, I ended up losing track of time."],["At first glance","æt-FERST-GLÆNS","Thoạt nhìn thì / nhìn thoáng qua","At first glance, I find it easy to miss the point."],["On second thought","on-SEK-und-THAWT","Nghĩ lại thì / suy nghĩ kỹ hơn","On second thought, I'd rather take a different approach."],["In retrospect","in-RET-roh-spekt","Nhìn lại thì, về sau mới thấy","In retrospect, I realize that I took it for granted."],["To make matters worse","tuh-mayk-MÆ-terz-WERS","Tệ hơn nữa là / tệ thêm là","To make matters worse, I tend to burn out quickly."],["For the time being","for-thuh-TAIM-BEE-ing","Hiện tại, tạm thời","For the time being, I'm trying to stick to a routine."],["With that in mind","with-thæt-IN-MAIND","Với điều đó trong đầu","With that in mind, I'm determined to make the most of my time."],["In other words","in-UTH-er-WERDZ","Nói cách khác","In other words, I'm struggling to make ends meet."],["That being said","thæt-BEE-ing-SED","Điều đó được nói / mặc dù vậy","That being said, I'm still willing to give it a shot."],["Above all","uh-BUV-AWL","Trên hết, quan trọng nhất là","Above all, I'm passionate about going the extra mile."],["After all","AF-ter-AWL","Suy cho cùng / xét cho cùng","After all, I can't afford to give up now."],["Even so","EE-vun-SOH","Dù vậy, mặc dù thế","Even so, I'm determined to push through the pain."],["On the bright side","on-thuh-BRAIT-SAID","Nhìn vào mặt tích cực","On the bright side, I'm starting to make real progress."],["At this rate","æt-THIS-rayt","Với tốc độ này / cứ đà này","At this rate, I'm likely to run out of time."],["Either way","EE-ther-WAY","Dù thế nào đi nữa / dù cách nào","Either way, I'm committed to getting things done."],["Regardless","ri-GARD-les","Dù sao / bất kể thế nào","Regardless, I'm willing to go the extra mile."],["Surprisingly enough","sur-PRAIZ-ing-lee-i-NUF","Thật đáng ngạc nhiên là","Surprisingly enough, I find it easy to wake up early now."],["More importantly","mor-im-PORT-unt-lee","Quan trọng hơn là","More importantly, I need to take care of myself."],["To a large extent","tuh-uh-LARJ-ek-STENT","Ở mức độ lớn / phần lớn","To a large extent, I'm convinced that habits determine success."],["When it comes to","wen-it-KUMZ-tuh","Khi nói đến / về chủ đề…","When it comes to productivity, I tend to push myself hard."],["Speaking of which","SPEEK-ing-ov-WICH","Nói đến chuyện đó / tiện thể nhắc đến","Speaking of which, I've been meaning to deal with that issue."],["By all means","bai-AWL-MEENZ","Cứ tự nhiên / tất nhiên là được","By all means, I'm willing to give it a shot."],["In no time","in-NOH-TAIM","Trong thoáng chốc / rất nhanh","In no time, I'll be able to get back on track."],["Bit by bit","bit-bai-BIT","Từng chút một / dần dần","Bit by bit, I'm getting used to the new routine."],["Step by step","step-bai-STEP","Từng bước một","Step by step, I'm starting to figure things out."],["Little by little","LIT-ul-bai-LIT-ul","Dần dần, từng chút một","Little by little, I'm learning to deal with stress."],["All in all","awl-IN-AWL","Tóm lại, nhìn chung","All in all, I'm satisfied with the progress I've made."],["Once in a while","wuns-IN-uh-WAIL","Thỉnh thoảng, không thường xuyên","Once in a while, I feel like I need to step back."],["From time to time","frum-TAIM-tuh-TAIM","Thỉnh thoảng, đôi khi","From time to time, I can't help but lose track of time."],["Over time","OH-ver-TAIM","Theo thời gian, dần dần","Over time, I've come to realize that consistency matters."],["At times","æt-TAIMZ","Đôi lúc, thỉnh thoảng","At times, I find it hard to stay motivated."],["In reality","in-ree-AL-uh-tee","Trên thực tế, thực ra","In reality, I'm struggling more than I let on."],["In practice","in-PRÆK-tis","Trên thực tế, khi áp dụng","In practice, I find it hard to stick to a routine."],["In theory","in-THEER-ee","Về lý thuyết mà nói","In theory, it's easy to set a goal and follow through."],["In general","in-JEN-er-ul","Nói chung, nhìn chung","In general, I tend to take things one step at a time."],["In summary","in-SUM-uh-ree","Tóm lại / tóm tắt lại","In summary, I need to get back on track as soon as possible."],["As a result","æz-uh-ri-ZULT","Kết quả là / do đó","As a result, I'm starting to burn out more quickly than before."],["In the end","in-thee-END","Cuối cùng / rốt cuộc","In the end, I've decided to move on with life."],["At least","æt-LEEST","Ít nhất là / dù sao thì","At least, I'm making an effort to wake up early."],["For once","for-WUNS","Ít nhất một lần / lần này","For once, I'm determined to follow through on my goal."],["In hindsight","in-HAIND-sait","Nhìn lại / về sau mới thấy","In hindsight, I should have stuck to a routine earlier."],["As things stand","æz-THINGZ-stænd","Với tình hình hiện tại","As things stand, I'm likely to fall behind schedule."],["On reflection","on-ri-FLEK-shun","Suy nghĩ lại / nhìn lại thì","On reflection, I realize I need to take care of myself."],["Off the top of my head","off-thuh-TOP-ov-mai-HED","Nói ngay không cần nghĩ nhiều","Off the top of my head, I can think of several ways to cut back."],["In the first place","in-thuh-FERST-PLAYS","Ngay từ đầu / ban đầu mà nói","In the first place, I should have set a clear goal."],["Going forward","GOH-ing-FOR-werd","Từ nay về sau / trong tương lai","Going forward, I'm determined to stay organized."],["To be fair","tuh-bee-FER","Mà công bằng mà nói","To be fair, I find it hard to wake up early every single day."],["Honestly speaking","AH-nes-tlee-SPEEK-ing","Nói thật / thành thật mà nói","Honestly speaking, I'm not sure I can handle this long-term."],["Broadly speaking","BRAWD-lee-SPEEK-ing","Nói một cách rộng rãi / nhìn chung","Broadly speaking, I tend to make the most of what I have."],["Strictly speaking","STRIK-tlee-SPEEK-ing","Nói nghiêm túc / đúng theo nghĩa đen","Strictly speaking, I'm not supposed to skip a day."],["As a whole","æz-uh-HOHL","Nhìn tổng thể / xét toàn bộ","As a whole, I'm getting better at dealing with stress."],["Under the circumstances","UN-der-thuh-SER-kum-stæns-iz","Với tình huống như vậy","Under the circumstances, I'm doing the best I can."],["In any case","in-EH-nee-KAYS","Dù sao đi nữa / trong mọi trường hợp","In any case, I'm willing to give it my best shot."],["For the record","for-thuh-REK-erd","Để ghi nhận / nói cho rõ","For the record, I've always been in the habit of waking up early."],["Last but not least","LÆST-but-NOT-LEEST","Cuối cùng nhưng không kém phần quan trọng","Last but not least, I need to take care of myself."],["On the face of it","on-thuh-FAYS-ov-IT","Nhìn bề ngoài thì / thoạt nhìn","On the face of it, the plan seems easy to stick to."],["In due course","in-DYOO-KORS","Đến lúc thì, vào thời điểm thích hợp","In due course, I'm likely to figure things out."],["More than anything","mor-thæn-EH-nee-thing","Hơn bất cứ thứ gì / nhất là","More than anything, I'm determined to move forward."],["By the same token","bai-thuh-SAYM-TOH-kun","Theo lý đó / tương tự như vậy","By the same token, I'm convinced that small steps matter."],["On balance","on-BÆL-uns","Cân nhắc mọi mặt / tổng hợp lại","On balance, I tend to make the right decision in the end."],["Funnily enough","FUN-il-ee-i-NUF","Thật buồn cười / thật lạ là","Funnily enough, I tend to perform better under pressure."],["To put it another way","tuh-PUT-it-uh-NUTH-er-WAY","Nói theo cách khác…","To put it another way, I tend to do my best work under pressure."],["To put it bluntly","tuh-PUT-it-BLUNT-lee","Nói thẳng ra…","To put it bluntly, I've been avoiding the things that matter most."],["To say the least","tuh-SAY-thuh-LEEST","Nói một cách nhẹ nhàng / nhẹ mà nói…","It's been a challenging week, to say the least."],["Not to mention","NOT-tuh-MEN-shun","Chưa kể đến / không kể…","I've been falling behind on work, not to mention losing sleep."],["Far from it","FAR-frum-IT","Không phải thế / hoàn toàn ngược lại…","I'm not done yet — far from it. I'm just getting started."],["On the contrary","on-thuh-KON-treh-ree","Ngược lại / trái lại…","On the contrary, I'm starting to enjoy the challenge."],["Quite the opposite","KWAIT-thee-OP-uh-zit","Hoàn toàn ngược lại…","Quite the opposite — I find it easier when I stick to a routine."],["At any rate","æt-EH-nee-RAYT","Dù sao thì / trong mọi trường hợp…","At any rate, I'm determined to keep pushing forward."],["Come what may","kum-wut-MAY","Dù có chuyện gì xảy ra…","Come what may, I'm sticking to my plan."],["No matter what","noh-MÆ-ter-WUT","Dù thế nào đi nữa…","No matter what, I'm committed to showing up every day."],["Whatever happens","wut-EV-er-HÆ-punz","Dù có chuyện gì xảy ra…","Whatever happens, I'm going to stay focused on my goals."],["At best","æt-BEST","Tốt nhất là / lạc quan mà nói…","At best, I can manage two solid hours of deep focus a day."],["At worst","æt-WERST","Tệ nhất là / xấu nhất mà nói…","At worst, I'll have to start over — and that's okay."],["On a positive note","on-uh-POZ-uh-tiv-NOHT","Trên một mặt tích cực…","On a positive note, I'm starting to see real improvement."],["On a more serious note","on-uh-mor-SEER-ee-us-NOHT","Nói một cách nghiêm túc hơn…","On a more serious note, I need to deal with the root problem."],["Fortunately enough","FOR-chuh-nit-lee-i-NUF","May mắn thay là…","Fortunately enough, I tend to bounce back pretty quickly."],["Unfortunately enough","un-FOR-chuh-nit-lee-i-NUF","Đáng tiếc thay là…","Unfortunately enough, I find it hard to stay consistent long-term."],["Strangely enough","STRAYNJ-lee-i-NUF","Thật kỳ lạ là…","Strangely enough, I tend to perform better when I'm under pressure."],["Oddly enough","OD-lee-i-NUF","Thật lạ là…","Oddly enough, I find it easier to focus in the evening."],["Remarkably enough","ri-MARK-uh-blee-i-NUF","Thật đáng chú ý là…","Remarkably enough, I'm starting to enjoy the process."],["Understandably enough","un-der-STÆND-uh-blee-i-NUF","Thật dễ hiểu là…","Understandably enough, I tend to struggle when I'm sleep-deprived."],["Not surprisingly","NOT-sur-PRAIZ-ing-lee","Không có gì ngạc nhiên khi…","Not surprisingly, I find it easier to focus after a good night's sleep."],["Rather surprisingly","RATH-er-sur-PRAIZ-ing-lee","Khá ngạc nhiên là…","Rather surprisingly, I found that doing less helped me achieve more."],["As expected","æz-ek-SPEK-tid","Như mong đợi / như dự đoán…","As expected, sticking to a routine made a huge difference."],["As planned","æz-PLÆND","Theo kế hoạch…","As planned, I'm taking it one step at a time."],["As I said","æz-ai-SED","Như tôi đã nói…","As I said, consistency is the real key to progress."],["As I was saying","æz-ai-wuz-SAY-ing","Như tôi đang nói…","As I was saying, the key is to make it a daily habit."],["As I mentioned earlier","æz-ai-MEN-shund-ER-lee-er","Như tôi đã đề cập trước đó…","As I mentioned earlier, I tend to do better with a clear plan."],["Going back to what I said","GOH-ing-BÆK-tuh-wut-ai-SED","Quay lại điều tôi đã nói…","Going back to what I said, the hardest part is getting started."],["To get back to the point","tuh-GET-bæk-tuh-thuh-POINT","Quay lại điểm chính…","To get back to the point, the real challenge is staying consistent."],["On a related note","on-uh-ri-LAY-tid-NOHT","Trên một chủ đề có liên quan…","On a related note, I've been meaning to work on my focus habits."],["Along similar lines","uh-LONG-SIM-ih-ler-LAINEZ","Theo hướng tương tự…","Along similar lines, I've been thinking about how to cut back on distractions."],["In the same vein","in-thuh-SAYM-VAYN","Theo cùng một hướng / tương tự…","In the same vein, I'm trying to be more intentional about my time."],["By the way","bai-thuh-WAY","Tiện thể / à nhân tiện…","By the way, I've been meaning to catch up on some reading."],["Incidentally","in-SID-ent-ul-ee","Tình cờ / tiện thể nói…","Incidentally, I find it easier to focus when I wake up early."],["Just to clarify","JUST-tuh-KLÆR-ih-fai","Chỉ để làm rõ…","Just to clarify, I'm not saying it's easy — just that it's worth it."],["Just to be clear","JUST-tuh-bee-KLEER","Chỉ để nói rõ…","Just to be clear, I'm committed to this for the long term."],["Just to recap","JUST-tuh-REE-kæp","Chỉ để tóm lại…","Just to recap, the three key habits I'm building are consistency, focus, and rest."],["For context","for-KON-tekst","Để hiểu bối cảnh…","For context, I've been struggling with this for about six months."],["For reference","for-REF-er-ens","Để tham khảo…","For reference, I tend to do my best work in the morning."],["For example","for-eg-ZÆM-pul","Ví dụ như…","For example, I tend to lose track of time when I'm on my phone."],["For instance","for-IN-stuns","Chẳng hạn…","For instance, I find it easier to focus when there's background music."],["In particular","in-per-TIK-yuh-ler","Đặc biệt là…","In particular, I find it hard to deal with unexpected changes."],["Specifically","spuh-SIF-ik-lee","Cụ thể là…","Specifically, I need to work on how I manage my mornings."],["Especially","eh-SPESH-uh-lee","Đặc biệt là / nhất là…","Especially in the mornings, I tend to get things done most efficiently."],["In fact","in-FÆKT","Thực ra / thực tế là…","In fact, I find it easier to stay focused than I thought."],["Actually","ÆK-choo-ul-ee","Thực ra / thật ra…","Actually, I've been making more progress than I realized."],["Technically speaking","TEK-nik-lee-SPEEK-ing","Nói về mặt kỹ thuật / chính xác mà nói…","Technically speaking, I've been consistent for three weeks straight."],["Practically speaking","PRÆK-tik-lee-SPEEK-ing","Trên thực tế / nói thực tế…","Practically speaking, it's hard to go the extra mile every single day."],["Realistically speaking","ree-ul-IS-tik-lee-SPEEK-ing","Nói thực tế / thực tế mà nói…","Realistically speaking, I can't expect perfection every day."],["Generally speaking","JEN-er-ul-ee-SPEEK-ing","Nói chung là…","Generally speaking, I tend to get more done when I plan ahead."],["Relatively speaking","REL-uh-tiv-lee-SPEEK-ing","Tương đối mà nói…","Relatively speaking, I've made a lot of progress in a short time."],["Personally speaking","PER-sun-ul-ee-SPEEK-ing","Cá nhân tôi mà nói…","Personally speaking, I find it easier to stick to a morning routine."],["Emotionally speaking","ee-MOH-shun-ul-ee-SPEEK-ing","Về mặt cảm xúc mà nói…","Emotionally speaking, I've been dealing with a lot of pressure lately."],["In the near future","in-thuh-NEER-FYOO-cher","Trong tương lai gần…","In the near future, I'm planning to take things to the next level."],["For the foreseeable future","for-thuh-for-SEE-uh-bul-FYOO-cher","Trong tương lai có thể thấy trước…","For the foreseeable future, I'm going to stick to my current routine."],["With time","WITH-TAIM","Theo thời gian…","With time, I'm confident I'll get the hang of this."],["Over the course of","OH-ver-thuh-KORS-ov","Trong suốt quá trình…","Over the course of the year, I've made significant progress."],["Throughout the process","throo-AUT-thuh-PROS-es","Trong suốt quá trình…","Throughout the process, I've been learning to trust myself more."],["Day after day","DAY-AF-ter-DAY","Ngày qua ngày…","Day after day, I'm showing up and putting in the work."],["Time after time","TAIM-AF-ter-TAIM","Lần này qua lần khác…","Time after time, I've seen that consistency beats motivation."],["Again and again","uh-GEN-un-uh-GEN","Lại và lại / nhiều lần…","Again and again, I've proven to myself that I can do hard things."],["Over and over","OH-ver-un-OH-ver","Lặp đi lặp lại…","Over and over, I keep reminding myself to focus on the process."],["Right now","RAIT-NAU","Ngay lúc này…","Right now, I'm focused on making one solid habit stick."],["So far","SOH-FAR","Cho đến nay / tính đến giờ…","So far, I've been managing to stick to my routine pretty well."],["Up until now","UP-un-TIL-NAU","Cho đến bây giờ…","Up until now, I've been too easy on myself about this."],["From now on","frum-NAU-ON","Từ bây giờ trở đi…","From now on, I'm making consistency a non-negotiable."],["From this point on","frum-THIS-POINT-ON","Từ điểm này trở đi…","From this point on, I'm committed to showing up every single day."],["Moving forward","MOOV-ing-FOR-werd","Hướng đến phía trước / từ đây…","Moving forward, I'm going to prioritize rest as much as productivity."],["Looking ahead","LUK-ing-uh-HED","Nhìn về phía trước…","Looking ahead, I'm excited about what I can achieve with consistency."],["Bearing in mind","BER-ing-in-MAIND","Ghi nhớ điều này…","Bearing in mind that progress takes time, I'm staying patient."],["Taking into account","TAYK-ing-IN-tuh-uh-KAUNT","Tính đến / xét đến…","Taking into account how far I've come, I should feel proud."],["All things being equal","AWL-THINGZ-BEE-ing-EE-kwul","Nếu mọi điều kiện như nhau…","All things being equal, I'd always choose consistency over intensity."],["On that note","on-THÆT-NOHT","Trên điều đó / nhân điều đó…","On that note, I think it's time to start taking action."],["With that said","WITH-thæt-SED","Với điều đó được nói…","With that said, I'm going to stop overthinking and just start."],["With all that in mind","WITH-AWL-thæt-in-MAIND","Với tất cả điều đó trong đầu…","With all that in mind, I've decided to simplify my approach."],["Given that","GIV-un-thæt","Cho rằng / xét rằng…","Given that I've been consistent for a month, I should feel confident."],["Considering that","kun-SID-er-ing-thæt","Xét rằng / vì rằng…","Considering that I started from scratch, I've done remarkably well."],["In light of that","in-LAIT-ov-thæt","Trong bối cảnh đó / xét điều đó…","In light of that, I'm adjusting my approach going forward."],["Based on that","BAYST-ON-thæt","Dựa trên điều đó…","Based on that, I'm confident that I can keep the momentum going."],["As a consequence","æz-uh-KON-suh-kwens","Kết quả là / hậu quả là…","As a consequence, I tend to feel more energized throughout the day."],["Due to that","DYOO-tuh-thæt","Do điều đó…","Due to that, I've decided to restructure how I manage my mornings."],["Thanks to that","THÆNKS-tuh-thæt","Nhờ điều đó…","Thanks to that, I'm finally starting to see consistent progress."],["With regard to that","WITH-ri-GARD-tuh-thæt","Về điều đó…","With regard to that, I'm still figuring out the best approach."],["From a practical standpoint","frum-uh-PRÆK-tik-ul-STÆND-point","Từ góc độ thực tế…","From a practical standpoint, I need to cut back on distractions."],["From a personal standpoint","frum-uh-PER-sun-ul-STÆND-point","Từ góc độ cá nhân…","From a personal standpoint, rest is just as important as hard work."],["Seen from that perspective","SEEN-frum-thæt-per-SPEK-tiv","Nhìn từ góc nhìn đó…","Seen from that perspective, my progress makes a lot more sense."],["To put it in perspective","tuh-PUT-it-in-per-SPEK-tiv","Để đặt nó vào bối cảnh…","To put it in perspective, a year ago I couldn't even stick to one habit."],["To be more specific","tuh-bee-mor-spuh-SIF-ik","Để nói cụ thể hơn…","To be more specific, I struggle most with staying consistent on weekends."],["On the flip side","on-thuh-FLIP-SAID","Mặt khác / ngược lại…","On the flip side, I tend to thrive under a bit of pressure."],["On the downside","on-thuh-DAUN-SAID","Về mặt tiêu cực…","On the downside, I tend to burn out when I push too hard."],["On the upside","on-thuh-UP-SAID","Về mặt tích cực…","On the upside, I tend to bounce back fairly quickly."],["Shifting gears","SHIFT-ing-GEERZ","Chuyển chủ đề / đổi hướng…","Shifting gears, let me talk about what's actually been working."],["On a lighter note","on-uh-LAIT-er-NOHT","Trên một khía cạnh nhẹ nhàng hơn…","On a lighter note, I'm finally starting to enjoy the process."],["At the risk of","æt-thuh-RISK-ov","Với nguy cơ / dù có thể bị coi là…","At the risk of sounding repetitive, I just want to say: stay consistent."],["More and more","MOR-un-MOR","Ngày càng nhiều hơn…","More and more, I find that routine is the foundation of everything."],["Less and less","LES-un-LES","Ngày càng ít hơn…","Less and less, I find myself needing external motivation to show up."],["Increasingly","in-KREES-ing-lee","Ngày càng / càng ngày càng…","Increasingly, I'm realizing that consistency beats intensity."],["Consistently","kun-SIS-tent-lee","Một cách nhất quán…","Consistently, I've found that mornings work best for deep focus."],["Intentionally","in-TEN-shun-ul-ee","Một cách có chủ đích…","Intentionally, I'm structuring my day around my highest priorities."],["Deliberately","di-LIB-er-it-lee","Một cách cố ý / có chủ tâm…","Deliberately, I've been slowing down to focus on quality over quantity."],["Gradually","GRAJ-oo-ul-ee","Dần dần…","Gradually, I'm getting better at managing my time and energy."],["Steadily","STED-uh-lee","Một cách đều đặn / ổn định…","Steadily, I'm making progress toward my long-term goals."],["Consistently enough","kun-SIS-tent-lee-i-NUF","Đủ nhất quán / khá nhất quán…","Consistently enough, I've managed to show up even on tough days."],["Effectively","ih-FEK-tiv-lee","Một cách hiệu quả…","Effectively, I'm working smarter, not harder."],["Ultimately","UL-tuh-mit-lee","Cuối cùng / xét đến cùng…","Ultimately, I'm responsible for my own growth and results."],["Fundamentally","fun-duh-MEN-tul-ee","Về cơ bản / về nền tảng…","Fundamentally, I believe that small habits create big results."],["Essentially","ih-SEN-shul-ee","Về cơ bản / thực chất là…","Essentially, what I'm trying to do is build one solid habit at a time."],["In essence","in-ES-ents","Thực chất / về mặt bản chất…","In essence, what I'm working on is becoming more disciplined."],["At its core","æt-its-KOR","Về cốt lõi / về bản chất…","At its core, what I'm building is a lifestyle, not just a routine."],["At the heart of it","æt-thuh-HART-ov-IT","Ở trung tâm của nó / về bản chất…","At the heart of it, I'm just trying to become a better version of myself."],["When all is said and done","wen-AWL-iz-SED-un-DUN","Khi mọi thứ kết thúc / xét cho cùng…","When all is said and done, I want to be able to say I gave it my all."],["In the cold light of day","in-thuh-KOHLD-LAIT-ov-DAY","Nhìn một cách sáng suốt / lúc tỉnh táo suy nghĩ…","In the cold light of day, I realize I need to slow down."],["Push comes to shove","PUSH-kumz-tuh-SHUV","Khi tình huống bắt buộc / khi không còn cách khác…","When push comes to shove, I'm willing to push through the pain."],["At the drop of a hat","æt-thuh-DROP-ov-uh-HÆT","Ngay lập tức / không cần do dự…","At the drop of a hat, I'm willing to give it a shot."],["In the blink of an eye","in-thuh-BLINK-ov-un-AI","Trong nháy mắt / rất nhanh…","In the blink of an eye, the week was gone and I'd lost track of time."],["Without warning","with-AUT-WOR-ning","Không có cảnh báo / đột ngột…","Without warning, I found myself hitting a wall."],["Before I knew it","bi-FOR-ai-NOO-IT","Trước khi tôi biết / bỗng nhiên…","Before I knew it, I'd fallen behind on everything."],["In the back of my mind","in-thuh-BÆK-ov-mai-MAIND","Trong sâu thẳm tâm trí…","In the back of my mind, I've always known I need to change."],["At the forefront of my mind","æt-thuh-FOR-frunt-ov-mai-MAIND","Ở đầu tâm trí / luôn nghĩ đến…","At the forefront of my mind is the goal of becoming more disciplined."],["On the tip of my tongue","on-thuh-TIP-ov-mai-TUNG","Ở đầu lưỡi / gần nhớ ra…","I can't quite articulate it — it's on the tip of my tongue."],["To my surprise","tuh-mai-sur-PRAIZ","Thật bất ngờ với tôi…","To my surprise, I've been more consistent than I expected."],["To my disappointment","tuh-mai-dis-uh-POINT-ment","Thật thất vọng cho tôi…","To my disappointment, I tend to lose momentum on weekends."],["Much to my relief","MUCH-tuh-mai-ri-LEEF","Thật nhẹ nhõm cho tôi…","Much to my relief, I'm starting to get back on track."],["To my amazement","tuh-mai-uh-MAYZ-ment","Thật kinh ngạc với tôi…","To my amazement, sticking to one habit changed everything."],["Against all odds","uh-GENST-AWL-ODZ","Bất chấp mọi nghịch cảnh…","Against all odds, I managed to stay consistent throughout the month."],["Against my better judgment","uh-GENST-mai-BED-er-JUJ-ment","Bất chấp phán đoán tốt hơn của tôi…","Against my better judgment, I kept adding more to my plate."],["In spite of everything","in-SPAYT-ov-EV-ree-thing","Bất chấp mọi thứ…","In spite of everything, I'm still moving forward."],["Despite that","di-SPAYT-thæt","Mặc dù vậy / bất chấp điều đó…","Despite that, I managed to push through and get things done."],["Even then","EE-vun-THEN","Ngay cả khi đó…","Even then, I find it hard to give myself credit for the progress."],["Even now","EE-vun-NAU","Ngay cả bây giờ…","Even now, I sometimes struggle to believe in myself."],["Ironically enough","ai-RON-ik-lee-i-NUF","Thật trớ trêu là…","Ironically enough, the days I least feel like working are when I'm most productive."],["As luck would have it","æz-LUK-wud-HÆV-IT","May rủi thay / tình cờ thay…","As luck would have it, I found the motivation exactly when I needed it."],["In a nutshell","in-uh-NUT-shel","Nói ngắn gọn / tóm lại trong một câu…","In a nutshell, I'm trying to build discipline one day at a time."],["Long story short","LONG-stor-ee-SHORT","Nói ngắn gọn lại…","Long story short, I ended up starting over and it was the best decision."],["To cut a long story short","tuh-KUT-uh-LONG-stor-ee-SHORT","Nói cho ngắn / tóm lại…","To cut a long story short, I've learned that consistency is everything."],["The bottom line is","thuh-BOT-um-LAIN-iz","Mấu chốt là / điểm mấu chốt là…","The bottom line is that I need to show up, even when I don't feel like it."],["At the end of it all","æt-thee-END-ov-it-AWL","Cuối cùng của tất cả…","At the end of it all, the only thing that matters is that I kept going."],["When it's all said and done","wen-its-AWL-SED-un-DUN","Khi mọi thứ kết thúc…","When it's all said and done, I want to look back with zero regrets."],["Truth be told","TROOTH-bee-TOHLD","Nói thật ra thì…","Truth be told, I've been struggling more than I let on."],["If truth be told","IF-TROOTH-bee-TOHLD","Nếu nói thật…","If truth be told, I'm not quite where I want to be yet."],["All joking aside","AWL-JOH-king-uh-SAID","Đùa vui qua rồi / nói thật…","All joking aside, I do need to take this more seriously."],["But in all seriousness","but-in-AWL-SEER-ee-us-nes","Nhưng nói thật / nhưng nghiêm túc mà nói…","But in all seriousness, I've been making real progress lately."],["On a personal level","on-uh-PER-sun-ul-LEV-ul","Ở góc độ cá nhân…","On a personal level, this has been one of the hardest months I've faced."],["On a professional level","on-uh-pruh-FESH-un-ul-LEV-ul","Ở góc độ chuyên nghiệp…","On a professional level, I'm starting to see the results of my efforts."],["On a day-to-day level","on-uh-DAY-tuh-DAY-LEV-ul","Ở mức độ hàng ngày…","On a day-to-day level, it's the small habits that make the difference."],["In the bigger picture","in-thuh-BIG-er-PIK-cher","Trong bức tranh lớn hơn…","In the bigger picture, what I'm doing right now is laying a foundation."],["From a big-picture standpoint","frum-uh-BIG-PIK-cher-STÆND-point","Từ góc nhìn toàn cảnh…","From a big-picture standpoint, every day I show up counts."],["In the immediate term","in-thuh-ih-MEE-dee-it-TERM","Trong trước mắt / ngắn hạn ngay bây giờ…","In the immediate term, I need to focus on just one habit at a time."],["Over the long term","OH-ver-thuh-LONG-TERM","Về lâu dài…","Over the long term, small daily actions compound into massive results."],["On the surface","on-thuh-SER-fus","Bề ngoài thì / nhìn bề mặt…","On the surface, it looks easy — but the real challenge is staying consistent."],["Beneath the surface","bi-NEETH-thuh-SER-fus","Bên dưới bề mặt / sâu xa hơn…","Beneath the surface, I've been putting in a lot of quiet work."],["At face value","æt-FAYS-VÆL-yoo","Theo nghĩa đen / nhìn bề ngoài…","At face value, the plan looks solid — now I just need to execute it."],["On closer inspection","on-KLOH-zer-in-SPEK-shun","Xem xét kỹ hơn…","On closer inspection, I realize the issue is my lack of consistency."],["In the grand scheme","in-thuh-GRÆND-SKEEM","Trong bức tranh tổng thể…","In the grand scheme, one bad day doesn't define my entire journey."],["By the look of things","bai-thuh-LUK-ov-THINGZ","Nhìn vào tình hình…","By the look of things, I'm on the right track."],["By all accounts","bai-AWL-uh-KAUNTS","Theo mọi lời kể / theo mọi mặt…","By all accounts, I've been making solid progress over the past month."],["To all intents and purposes","tuh-AWL-in-TENTS-un-PER-pus-iz","Về mọi mặt thực tế / thực chất mà nói…","To all intents and purposes, I've completely rebuilt my morning routine."],["In no uncertain terms","in-NOH-un-SER-tun-TERMZ","Một cách dứt khoát / rõ ràng không mơ hồ…","In no uncertain terms, I'm committed to seeing this through."],["Without question","with-AUT-KWES-chun","Không còn nghi ngờ gì / chắc chắn…","Without question, this has been the most challenging month so far."],["Beyond a shadow of a doubt","bee-OND-uh-SHÆD-oh-ov-uh-DAUT","Không còn nghi ngờ gì hết…","Beyond a shadow of a doubt, consistency is the key to long-term success."],["Without hesitation","with-AUT-hez-uh-TAY-shun","Không do dự…","Without hesitation, I'd say the best habit I've built is waking up early."],["In retrospect","in-RET-roh-spekt","Nhìn lại thì…","In retrospect, I wish I had started building these habits sooner."],["As it stands","æz-IT-STÆNDZ","Với tình hình hiện tại…","As it stands, I'm making consistent progress, which feels great."],["On an ongoing basis","on-un-ON-GOH-ing-BAY-sis","Trên cơ sở liên tục / thường xuyên…","On an ongoing basis, I'm tracking my progress to stay accountable."],["In the pipeline","in-thuh-PAIP-lain","Đang được chuẩn bị / sắp đến…","In the pipeline, I've got a few exciting habits I'm planning to build."],["Down the line","DAUN-thuh-LAIN","Về sau / sau này…","Down the line, I'm confident these habits will pay off significantly."],["Around the corner","uh-RAUND-thuh-KOR-ner","Sắp đến / không còn xa…","Success is just around the corner if I stay consistent."],["On the horizon","on-thuh-huh-RAI-zun","Ở chân trời / sắp xảy ra trong tương lai…","On the horizon, I can see a version of myself I'm really proud of."],["In due time","in-DYOO-TAIM","Đến thời điểm thích hợp…","In due time, the effort I'm putting in now will pay dividends."],["At a later stage","æt-uh-LAY-ter-STAYJ","Ở giai đoạn sau / sau này…","At a later stage, I plan to take my habits to the next level."],["Sooner than expected","SOO-ner-thæn-ek-SPEK-tid","Sớm hơn mong đợi…","Sooner than expected, I started to see real results from my consistency."],["When the time is right","wen-thuh-TAIM-iz-RAIT","Khi thời điểm thích hợp…","When the time is right, I'll take things to the next level."],["At the right moment","æt-thuh-RAIT-MOH-ment","Vào đúng thời điểm…","At the right moment, I'll make my move."],["Without fail","with-AUT-FAYL","Không bao giờ bỏ sót / luôn luôn…","Without fail, I show up and do the work, even on tough days."],["Like clockwork","LAIK-KLOK-werk","Đều đặn như đồng hồ…","Like clockwork, I wake up at six and follow my morning routine."],["Day in, day out","DAY-in-DAY-aut","Ngày qua ngày / hàng ngày đều đặn…","Day in, day out, I'm putting in the work to become better."],["Through thick and thin","throo-THIK-un-THIN","Qua mọi hoàn cảnh / dù tốt hay xấu…","Through thick and thin, I'm staying committed to my goals."],["Come rain or shine","kum-RAYN-or-SHAIN","Dù mưa hay nắng / dù thế nào…","Come rain or shine, I'm showing up and getting things done."],["In the heat of the moment","in-thuh-HEET-ov-thuh-MOH-ment","Trong lúc nóng vội / trong lúc bốc đồng…","In the heat of the moment, I tend to make impulsive decisions."],["After the fact","AF-ter-thuh-FÆKT","Sau khi xong việc / sau đó mới biết…","After the fact, I realize I should have planned better."],["In the moment","in-thuh-MOH-ment","Trong lúc đó / ngay lúc đó…","In the moment, it's easy to get carried away."],["On reflection","on-ri-FLEK-shun","Suy nghĩ lại / nhìn lại…","On reflection, I realize that I need to pace myself better."],["In a flash","in-uh-FLÆSH","Trong chớp mắt / rất nhanh…","In a flash, the morning was gone and I'd barely started."],["In the thick of it","in-thuh-THIK-ov-IT","Đang trong lúc khó khăn nhất / giữa chừng…","In the thick of it, I remind myself why I started."],["Out of nowhere","AUT-ov-NER-wer","Đột nhiên / từ không khí…","Out of nowhere, I found the motivation I needed to push through."],["On the spur of the moment","on-thuh-SPER-ov-thuh-MOH-ment","Theo sự bốc đồng / không có kế hoạch…","On the spur of the moment, I tend to take on too much at once."],["In the long haul","in-thuh-LONG-HAWL","Về lâu dài / đường dài…","In the long haul, it's consistency, not intensity, that wins."],["All along","AWL-uh-LONG","Suốt cả thời gian / từ đầu đến cuối…","All along, I've known that this would require real discipline."],["From the start","frum-thuh-START","Từ đầu / ngay từ ban đầu…","From the start, I knew this wasn't going to be easy."],["From the beginning","frum-thuh-bi-GIN-ing","Từ đầu…","From the beginning, I've been trying to build sustainable habits."],["From the get-go","frum-thuh-GET-GOH","Ngay từ đầu…","From the get-go, I committed to doing this the right way."],["From scratch","frum-SKRÆCH","Từ đầu / từ không có gì…","I'm building this from scratch, and that's actually exciting."],["From the ground up","frum-thuh-GRAUND-UP","Từ nền móng / từ đầu hoàn toàn…","I'm rebuilding my habits from the ground up."],["All the way","AWL-thuh-WAY","Suốt quãng đường / toàn bộ…","I'm committed to seeing this through all the way."],["The whole time","thuh-HOHL-TAIM","Suốt cả thời gian đó…","The whole time, I was learning more than I realized."],["Every step of the way","EV-ree-STEP-ov-thuh-WAY","Từng bước trên con đường…","Every step of the way, I'm reminding myself of my purpose."],["Along the way","uh-LONG-thuh-WAY","Dọc trên con đường / trên hành trình…","Along the way, I've learned that setbacks are part of the process."],["At every turn","æt-EV-ree-TERN","Ở mọi bước / trong mọi tình huống…","At every turn, I keep reminding myself to stay the course."],["In the right direction","in-thuh-RAIT-duh-REK-shun","Đúng hướng…","I'm slowly but surely moving in the right direction."],["On the right path","on-thuh-RAIT-PÆTH","Trên con đường đúng đắn…","On the right path, I feel more confident with every passing day."],["For better or worse","for-BED-er-or-WERS","Dù tốt hay xấu…","For better or worse, I'm fully committed to this approach."],["For the sake of","for-thuh-SAYK-ov","Vì lợi ích / vì mục đích của…","For the sake of my growth, I need to be honest about my weaknesses."],["For good reason","for-GUD-REE-zun","Vì lý do chính đáng…","I take rest seriously, and for good reason."],["For the right reasons","for-thuh-RAIT-REE-zunz","Vì những lý do đúng đắn…","I'm doing this for the right reasons, not just external validation."],["On that front","on-thæt-FRUNT","Trên mặt trận đó / về điều đó…","On that front, I've been making solid progress."],["On this note","on-THIS-NOHT","Trên điều này…","On this note, I want to commit to staying consistent going forward."],["Which brings me to","WICH-BRINGZ-mee-tuh","Điều đó dẫn tôi đến…","Which brings me to my main point — consistency is everything."],["That said","thæt-SED","Điều đó được nói…","That said, I still believe that hard work is the only real shortcut."],["Be that as it may","bee-thæt-æz-IT-MAY","Dù thế nào đi nữa / mặc dù vậy…","Be that as it may, I'm going to keep pushing forward regardless."],["Needless to add","NEED-lus-tuh-ÆD","Không cần phải thêm rằng…","Needless to add, I'm going to make sure I follow through this time."],["It goes without saying that","IT-GOHz-with-AUT-SAY-ing-thæt","Không cần phải nói thì cũng biết…","It goes without saying that rest is just as important as hard work."],["It stands to reason that","IT-STÆNDZ-tuh-REE-zun-thæt","Hợp lý mà nói thì…","It stands to reason that the more consistent I am, the better I'll get."],["Suffice it to say","suh-FAIS-it-tuh-SAY","Chỉ cần nói rằng / nói một cách vắn tắt…","Suffice it to say, the past month has been one of my most productive ever."],["To be perfectly honest","tuh-bee-PER-fekt-lee-AH-nest","Thật lòng hoàn toàn…","To be perfectly honest, I've been letting myself down lately."],["If I'm perfectly honest","IF-aim-PER-fekt-lee-AH-nest","Nếu tôi thật lòng hoàn toàn…","If I'm perfectly honest, I know exactly what I need to do."],["Put simply","PUT-SIM-plee","Nói đơn giản thôi…","Put simply, I need to show up every day, no excuses."],["In plain terms","in-PLAYN-TERMZ","Nói đơn giản / dễ hiểu…","In plain terms, I've been overthinking instead of just doing."],["Plain and simple","PLAYN-un-SIM-pul","Đơn giản thôi / không phức tạp…","Plain and simple, I need to start taking action."],["That's not to say","thæts-not-tuh-SAY","Điều đó không có nghĩa là…","That's not to say it's been easy — it's been incredibly tough."],["Which is to say","WICH-iz-tuh-SAY","Tức là / nghĩa là…","Which is to say, I'm fully committed to the long-term process."],["Or rather","or-RATH-er","Hay đúng hơn là / hoặc đúng hơn…","I want to be consistent — or rather, I want consistency to become automatic."],["More precisely","mor-pri-SAIS-lee","Chính xác hơn là…","More precisely, what I'm building is a system that doesn't rely on motivation."],["To be exact","tuh-bee-eg-ZÆKT","Nói chính xác…","To be exact, I've been consistent for twenty-three days in a row."],["If you will","IF-yoo-WIL","Nếu bạn muốn dùng từ đó / theo một nghĩa nào đó…","I'm building a mindset upgrade, if you will."],["So to speak","SOH-tuh-SPEEK","Có thể nói vậy / theo một cách nào đó…","I'm rewiring my brain, so to speak, through daily repetition."],["In a manner of speaking","in-uh-MÆ-ner-ov-SPEEK-ing","Theo một cách nào đó…","In a manner of speaking, I'm running a personal experiment on myself."],["As it were","æz-IT-WER","Nếu có thể nói vậy / như thể…","I'm becoming a new version of myself, as it were."],["That is to say","thæt-iz-tuh-SAY","Tức là / nghĩa là…","That is to say, I'm building consistency, not just motivation."],["In other terms","in-UTH-er-TERMZ","Theo cách khác / bằng từ ngữ khác…","In other terms, I'm choosing discipline over comfort."],["On that basis","on-thæt-BAY-sis","Trên cơ sở đó…","On that basis, I'm confident the plan will work."],["Bearing that in mind","BER-ing-thæt-in-MAIND","Ghi nhớ điều đó…","Bearing that in mind, I'm adjusting my approach going forward."],["At this juncture","æt-THIS-JUNK-cher","Ở thời điểm này / vào lúc này…","At this juncture, I need to decide whether to push harder or pull back."]]
[["wake up early","WAYK-up-ER-lee","Thức dậy sớm","By and large, I tend to wake up early and get things done."],["stay organized","STAY-OR-guh-naizd","Giữ mọi thứ có tổ chức","To be honest, I find it hard to stay organized at the moment."],["make ends meet","mayk-ENDZ-MEET","Đủ sống qua ngày, cân đối thu chi","In the long run, I'm struggling to make ends meet."],["take it for granted","TAYK-it-for-GRÆN-tid","Coi điều gì đó là hiển nhiên","Come to think of it, I've been taking things for granted."],["keep in touch","KEEP-in-TUCH","Giữ liên lạc","On a daily basis, I'm trying to keep in touch with people."],["run out of time","run-AUT-ov-TAIM","Hết thời gian","More often than not, I tend to run out of time."],["make a decision","mayk-uh-di-SI-zhun","Đưa ra quyết định","At the end of the day, I find it hard to make a decision."],["lose track of time","LOOZ-træk-ov-TAIM","Mất khái niệm về thời gian","Every now and then, I can't help but lose track of time."],["give it a shot","GIV-it-uh-SHOT","Thử xem sao, thử một lần","For what it's worth, I'm willing to give it a shot."],["pick up the pace","PIK-up-thuh-PAYS","Tăng tốc độ, nhanh lên","In the short term, I'm determined to pick up the pace."],["fall behind schedule","fawl-bi-HAIND-SKE-jool","Bị trễ so với kế hoạch","Needless to say, I can't afford to fall behind schedule."],["get things done","get-THINGZ-DUN","Hoàn thành công việc","By and large, I tend to get things done early in the day."],["make progress","MAYK-PROH-gres","Tiến bộ, đạt được tiến triển","In the long run, I'm convinced that I can make progress."],["pay attention to","pay-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","Chú ý đến","First and foremost, I need to pay attention to the details."],["save up money","SAYV-up-MUN-ee","Dành dụm tiền","In the long run, I'm planning to save up money."],["deal with stress","DEEL-with-STRES","Đối phó với căng thẳng","On a daily basis, I'm learning to deal with stress better."],["set a goal","SET-uh-GOHL","Đặt ra mục tiêu","First and foremost, I'm determined to set a clear goal."],["stick to a routine","STIK-tuh-uh-roo-TEEN","Duy trì thói quen đều đặn","More or less, I'm used to sticking to a routine."],["cut back on","KUT-bæk-ON","Cắt giảm, giảm bớt","In the short term, I've decided to cut back on distractions."],["get carried away","get-KÆR-eed-uh-WAY","Bị cuốn đi, bị sa đà","Every now and then, I tend to get carried away."],["miss the point","MIS-thuh-POINT","Hiểu sai ý, bỏ lỡ điểm chính","To be honest, I can't stand missing the point."],["take a break","TAYK-uh-BRAYK","Nghỉ ngơi một chút","At the very least, I need to take a break now and then."],["move on with life","MOOV-on-with-LAIF","Tiếp tục sống, bước tiếp","At some point, I've decided to move on with life."],["hold it together","HOHLD-it-tuh-GEH-ther","Giữ bình tĩnh, không để sụp đổ","Deep down, I'm determined to hold it together."],["catch up on work","KÆCH-up-ON-WERK","Bắt kịp công việc tồn đọng","In the meantime, I'm planning to catch up on work."],["burn out quickly","BERN-aut-KWIK-lee","Kiệt sức nhanh chóng","Needless to say, I can't afford to burn out quickly."],["figure things out","FIG-yer-THINGZ-aut","Tìm ra cách giải quyết","At some point, I'm determined to figure things out."],["take care of yourself","tayk-KER-ov-yor-SELF","Tự chăm sóc bản thân","At the end of the day, I need to take care of myself."],["push through the pain","PUSH-throo-thuh-PAYN","Cố vượt qua khó khăn / đau khổ","Having said that, I'm willing to push through the pain."],["go the extra mile","GOH-thee-EK-struh-MAIL","Nỗ lực hơn mức cần thiết","First and foremost, I'm keen on going the extra mile."],["hit a wall","HIT-uh-WAWL","Gặp bế tắc, không tiến được nữa","Out of the blue, I ended up hitting a wall."],["make the most of","MAYK-thuh-MOAST-ov","Tận dụng tối đa","In the grand scheme of things, I tend to make the most of every chance."],["get back on track","get-BÆK-on-TRÆK","Quay lại đúng hướng","At the end of the day, I'm determined to get back on track."],["meet a deadline","MEET-uh-DED-lain","Hoàn thành đúng hạn","Under the circumstances, I'm struggling to meet the deadline."],["pull an all-nighter","PUL-un-AWL-nai-ter","Thức suốt đêm để làm việc","Sooner or later, I'll have to pull an all-nighter."],["hit the ground running","HIT-thuh-GRAUND-RUN-ing","Bắt đầu mạnh mẽ ngay từ đầu","Right off the bat, I tend to hit the ground running."],["think outside the box","THINK-aut-SAID-thuh-BOKS","Suy nghĩ sáng tạo, không theo lối mòn","More often than not, I'm encouraged to think outside the box."],["bite off more than you can chew","BAIT-off-mor-thæn-yuh-kun-CHOO","Nhận việc quá sức mình","Every now and then, I tend to bite off more than I can chew."],["cut to the chase","KUT-tuh-thuh-CHAYS","Đi thẳng vào vấn đề","Right off the bat, I prefer to cut to the chase."],["speak your mind","SPEEK-yor-MAIND","Nói thẳng suy nghĩ của mình","To be honest, I find it hard to speak my mind."],["change your mind","CHAYNJ-yor-MAIND","Đổi ý, thay đổi quyết định","Come to think of it, I tend to change my mind often."],["break the ice","BRAYK-thuh-AIS","Phá vỡ sự im lặng / làm quen ban đầu","Every now and then, I find it easy to break the ice."],["break bad habits","BRAYK-bæd-HÆ-bits","Từ bỏ thói quen xấu","In the long run, I'm determined to break bad habits."],["build good habits","BILD-gud-HÆ-bits","Xây dựng thói quen tốt","Going forward, I'm committed to building good habits."],["boost your mood","BOOST-yor-MOOD","Cải thiện tâm trạng","Once in a while, I need to find a way to boost my mood."],["take the initiative","tayk-thee-ih-NISH-ee-uh-tiv","Chủ động, tiên phong","More often than not, I'm willing to take the initiative."],["take responsibility","tayk-ri-spon-suh-BIL-ih-tee","Nhận trách nhiệm","At the end of the day, I need to take responsibility."],["face the consequences","FAYS-thuh-KON-suh-kwens-iz","Đối mặt với hậu quả","Sooner or later, I'll have to face the consequences."],["embrace the challenge","em-BRAYS-thuh-CHÆL-unj","Đón nhận thử thách","Deep down, I'm determined to embrace the challenge."],["overcome obstacles","oh-ver-KUM-OB-stuh-kulz","Vượt qua trở ngại","In the long run, I'm convinced I can overcome obstacles."],["tackle a problem","TÆK-ul-uh-PROB-lum","Giải quyết vấn đề","Right off the bat, I tend to tackle problems head-on."],["handle pressure","HÆN-dul-PRESH-ur","Chịu đựng / xử lý áp lực","To be honest, I'm struggling to handle the pressure."],["manage your time","MÆ-nuj-yor-TAIM","Quản lý thời gian","On a daily basis, I find it hard to manage my time well."],["prioritize tasks","prai-OR-uh-taiz-TÆSKS","Sắp xếp ưu tiên công việc","First and foremost, I need to prioritize my tasks."],["draw conclusions","draw-kun-KLOO-zhunz","Rút ra kết luận","As a result, I've started to draw some useful conclusions."],["find common ground","faind-KOM-un-GRAUND","Tìm điểm chung / tiếng nói chung","In the end, I'm determined to find common ground."],["raise awareness","rayz-uh-WER-nes","Nâng cao nhận thức","Above all, I'm passionate about raising awareness on this issue."],["share your thoughts","SHER-yor-THAWTS","Chia sẻ suy nghĩ / quan điểm của mình","To be honest, I find it hard to share my thoughts openly."],["let it go","LET-it-GOH","Buông bỏ, không giữ mãi","At some point, I've decided to let it go and move on."],["see the bigger picture","SEE-thuh-BIG-er-PIK-chur","Nhìn thấy bức tranh toàn cảnh","In the grand scheme of things, I need to see the bigger picture."],["step out of your comfort zone","step-AUT-ov-yor-KUM-furt-ZOHN","Bước ra khỏi vùng an toàn","Every now and then, I'm tempted to step out of my comfort zone."],["push your limits","PUSH-yor-LIM-its","Đẩy giới hạn bản thân","Going forward, I'm determined to push my limits."],["challenge yourself","CHÆL-unj-yor-SELF","Tự thách thức bản thân","On a daily basis, I make it a point to challenge myself."],["believe in yourself","bi-LEEV-in-yor-SELF","Tin vào bản thân","At the end of the day, I'm learning to believe in myself."],["stay focused","STAY-FOH-kust","Duy trì sự tập trung","On a daily basis, I find it hard to stay focused for long."],["stay motivated","STAY-MOH-tuh-vay-tid","Duy trì động lực","More often than not, I struggle to stay motivated."],["stay positive","STAY-POZ-uh-tiv","Duy trì thái độ tích cực","Even so, I'm trying my best to stay positive."],["stay calm","STAY-KAHM","Giữ bình tĩnh","Under the circumstances, I'm doing my best to stay calm."],["keep your head down","KEEP-yor-HED-daun","Cúi đầu làm việc, tập trung không để ý xung quanh","More often than not, I tend to keep my head down and work."],["speak up","SPEEK-UP","Lên tiếng, dám nói","To be fair, I find it hard to speak up in a group."],["show up on time","SHOH-up-ON-TAIM","Đến đúng giờ","On a daily basis, I make it a point to show up on time."],["follow through","FOL-oh-THROO","Thực hiện đến cùng, không bỏ dở","At the end of the day, I need to follow through on my plans."],["take notes","TAYK-NOHTS","Ghi chép lại","In the meantime, I make it a point to take notes."],["ask for feedback","ASK-for-FEED-bæk","Xin ý kiến phản hồi","Going forward, I'm willing to ask for feedback regularly."],["bounce back","BAUNS-BÆK","Hồi phục sau thất bại","In the long run, I'm convinced I can bounce back from this."],["reach your potential","REECH-yor-puh-TEN-shul","Đạt được tiềm năng của mình","In the long run, I'm determined to reach my full potential."],["put in the effort","PUT-in-thee-EF-ert","Bỏ công sức vào","Above all, I'm willing to put in the effort."],["make a difference","mayk-uh-DIF-er-ens","Tạo ra sự khác biệt / có ý nghĩa","More than anything, I'm determined to make a difference."],["get out of bed","get-AUT-ov-BED","Ra khỏi giường, thức dậy","More often than not, I find it hard to get out of bed early."],["clear your head","KLEER-yor-HED","Làm đầu óc thư thái / thoải mái","Once in a while, I need to take a walk to clear my head."],["keep up with","KEEP-up-WITH","Theo kịp / bắt kịp","More often than not, I struggle to keep up with the pace."],["sort things out","SORT-THINGZ-aut","Giải quyết xong mọi việc","In the meantime, I'm determined to sort things out quickly."],["pull yourself together","PUL-yor-SELF-tuh-GEH-ther","Lấy lại bình tĩnh / tự chấn chỉnh","At this point, I need to pull myself together."],["hit the books","HIT-thuh-BUKS","Chăm chỉ học hành","On a daily basis, I make it a point to hit the books."],["take it slow","TAYK-it-SLOH","Làm từ từ, không vội","Every now and then, I remind myself to take it slow."],["make a fresh start","mayk-uh-FRESH-start","Bắt đầu lại từ đầu","Going forward, I've decided to make a fresh start."],["keep your options open","KEEP-yor-OP-shunz-OH-pun","Giữ nhiều lựa chọn, không vội quyết định","At this stage, I'm inclined to keep my options open."],["draw on experience","draw-ON-ek-SPEER-ee-ens","Vận dụng kinh nghiệm của mình","In the grand scheme of things, I tend to draw on past experience."],["rise to the challenge","RAIZ-tuh-thuh-CHÆL-unj","Đáp ứng được thử thách, không lùi bước","Above all, I'm determined to rise to the challenge."],["keep the momentum going","KEEP-thuh-moh-MEN-tum-GOH-ing","Duy trì đà tiến / giữ phong độ","Going forward, I'm committed to keeping the momentum going."],["lay the groundwork","LAY-thuh-GRAUND-werk","Đặt nền móng, chuẩn bị nền tảng","First and foremost, I need to lay the groundwork."],["get the ball rolling","get-thuh-BAWL-ROH-ling","Bắt đầu, khởi động mọi thứ","Right off the bat, I'm determined to get the ball rolling."],["cut corners","KUT-KOR-nerz","Làm tắt / bỏ qua bước quan trọng","Needless to say, I can't afford to cut corners."],["keep a low profile","KEEP-uh-LOH-proh-fail","Sống kín tiếng, không gây sự chú ý","More often than not, I prefer to keep a low profile."],["take it one day at a time","TAYK-it-WUN-DAY-æt-uh-TAIM","Sống từng ngày, không lo xa quá","Having said that, I try to take it one day at a time."],["wear many hats","WER-MEH-nee-HÆTS","Đảm nhiệm nhiều vai trò cùng lúc","As things stand, I tend to wear many hats at work."],["turn over a new leaf","TERN-OH-ver-uh-NYOO-LEEF","Lật sang trang mới, thay đổi hẳn","Going forward, I'm determined to turn over a new leaf."],["get a grip","get-uh-GRIP","Kiểm soát bản thân / bình tĩnh lại","At some point, I need to get a grip and deal with things."],["run the show","RUN-thuh-SHOH","Người điều hành / kiểm soát mọi thứ","More often than not, I find myself wanting to run the show."],["add to your plate","ÆD-tuh-yor-PLAYT","Thêm vào gánh nặng / thêm việc","On top of that, I'm tempted to keep adding to my plate."],["make ends meet","mayk-ENDZ-MEET","kiếm đủ sống / trang trải cuộc sống","Even with two jobs, it's hard to make ends meet these days."],["bite the bullet","BAIT-thuh-BUL-et","cắn răng chịu đựng / chấp nhận điều khó khăn","I bit the bullet and finally started my morning workout routine."],["cut corners","KUT-KOR-nerz","làm tắt / giảm chất lượng để tiết kiệm","I refuse to cut corners — I want to do this properly."],["get the ball rolling","GET-thuh-BAWL-ROH-ling","bắt đầu / khởi động một việc","Let's get the ball rolling on this project."],["hit the ground running","HIT-thuh-GRAUND-RUN-ing","bắt đầu nhanh và hiệu quả ngay","I want to hit the ground running in my new role."],["call the shots","KAWL-thuh-SHOTS","ra quyết định / cầm quyền","I want to be in a position where I can call the shots."],["take the reins","tayk-thuh-RAYNZ","nắm quyền kiểm soát / lãnh đạo","When she left, I had to take the reins and lead the team."],["hold your horses","HOHLD-yor-HOR-siz","khoan đã / hãy chờ một chút","Hold your horses — let me think this through before we move on."],["jump the gun","JUMP-thuh-GUN","hành động sớm quá / vội vàng","I jumped the gun and bought the equipment before finishing my research."],["jump to conclusions","JUMP-tuh-kun-KLOO-zhunz","kết luận vội vàng / phán xét sớm","I tend to jump to conclusions when I'm stressed."],["get ahead of yourself","GET-uh-HED-ov-yor-SELF","đi quá nhanh / vượt trước kế hoạch","I tend to get ahead of myself when I'm excited about something."],["lose track of","LOOZ-TRÆK-ov","mất dấu / quên mất","I tend to lose track of time when I'm deep in focus."],["keep track of","KEEP-TRÆK-ov","theo dõi / giữ theo dõi","I keep track of my habits in a small notebook."],["stay on track","STAY-ON-TRÆK","giữ đúng lộ trình / tiếp tục theo kế hoạch","Even on bad days, I try to stay on track with my routine."],["get back on track","GET-bæk-ON-TRÆK","quay lại đúng đường / lấy lại nhịp","After a rough week, I'm getting back on track."],["fall behind","FAWL-bi-HAIND","tụt hậu / trễ tiến độ","I try not to fall behind, even on weekends."],["catch up with","KÆCH-UP-WITH","bắt kịp / theo kịp","I need to catch up with the work I missed this week."],["keep up with","KEEP-UP-WITH","theo kịp / duy trì theo","It's hard to keep up with everything when you're building new habits."],["fall short of","FAWL-SHORT-ov","không đạt được / thiếu hụt so với","I fell short of my daily target, but I'm not giving up."],["live up to","LIV-UP-tuh","đáp ứng / xứng đáng với","I want to live up to the expectations I've set for myself."],["measure up to","MEZH-er-UP-tuh","sánh ngang / đáp ứng yêu cầu","I sometimes worry I don't measure up to the standard I've set."],["step up","STEP-UP","tiến lên / làm tốt hơn khi cần","I need to step up and take more responsibility."],["level up","LEV-ul-UP","nâng cấp bản thân / tăng cấp","I'm focused on leveling up my skills this year."],["raise the bar","RAYZ-thuh-BAR","nâng cao tiêu chuẩn / đặt kỳ vọng cao hơn","Every time I hit a goal, I raise the bar a little higher."],["set the bar","SET-thuh-BAR","đặt tiêu chuẩn / định mức kỳ vọng","I try to set the bar high for myself, even when no one is watching."],["set a high standard","SET-uh-HI-STÆND-erd","đặt tiêu chuẩn cao…","I've always tried to set a high standard for my own work."],["hold yourself to a standard","HOHLD-yor-SELF-tuh-uh-STÆND-erd","giữ bản thân theo một tiêu chuẩn…","I try to hold myself to a standard regardless of whether others are watching."],["set your sights on","SET-yor-SAITS-ON","nhắm vào / đặt mục tiêu vào…","I've set my sights on becoming fluent in English within a year."],["have your eye on","hæv-yor-AI-ON","chú ý đến / nhắm đến…","I've had my eye on this goal for a long time."],["work toward","WERK-tuh-WORD","làm việc hướng tới…","Every day, I'm working toward the version of myself I want to become."],["build toward","BILD-tuh-WORD","xây dựng hướng tới…","I'm building toward a life that reflects my values."],["make room for","MAYK-ROOM-for","tạo chỗ cho / ưu tiên…","I'm trying to make room for rest in my daily schedule."],["make time for","MAYK-TAIM-for","dành thời gian cho…","I've been making more time for the things that truly matter."],["carve out time","KARV-AUT-TAIM","khắc ra thời gian / dành riêng thời gian","I try to carve out time for deep work every morning."],["set aside time","SET-uh-SAID-TAIM","để dành thời gian…","I've started setting aside time for reflection each week."],["block out time","BLOK-AUT-TAIM","chặn thời gian / dành riêng khung giờ","I block out two hours every morning for deep work."],["free up time","FREE-UP-TAIM","giải phóng thời gian / sắp xếp có thời gian rảnh","I've been trying to free up time by cutting out distractions."],["waste time","WAYST-TAIM","lãng phí thời gian…","I try not to waste time on things that don't align with my goals."],["run out of time","RUN-AUT-ov-TAIM","hết thời gian…","I hate that feeling of running out of time before the day is done."],["buy yourself time","BAI-yor-SELF-TAIM","mua thêm thời gian / câu giờ…","I sometimes need to buy myself time before making big decisions."],["save time","SAYV-TAIM","tiết kiệm thời gian…","Batching similar tasks saves time and mental energy."],["take your time","TAYK-yor-TAIM","từ từ không vội / dành thời gian đúng mức","Take your time — rushing never leads to your best work."],["kill time","KIL-TAIM","giết thời gian / chờ đợi","I don't like to kill time — every free moment should serve a purpose."],["in the nick of time","in-thuh-NIK-ov-TAIM","vừa kịp lúc / đúng lúc cần","I got back to the habit in the nick of time before I completely lost momentum."],["hit a wall","HIT-uh-WAWL","gặp phải trở ngại lớn / bế tắc","Every time I hit a wall, I remind myself that this is part of the process."],["hit a milestone","HIT-uh-MAIL-stohn","đạt cột mốc / đạt mục tiêu quan trọng","Today I hit a milestone — 30 days of consistent practice."],["hit a plateau","HIT-uh-plæ-TOH","chạm ngưỡng trần / ngưng tiến bộ","I've hit a plateau in my progress and I need to mix things up."],["break through","BRAYK-THROO","đột phá / vượt qua trở ngại","I'm waiting for the moment when I break through to the next level."],["break new ground","BRAYK-NYOO-GRAUND","mở ra lãnh địa mới / đi tiên phong","With this habit, I'm breaking new ground for myself."],["take the plunge","TAYK-thuh-PLUNJ","mạo hiểm nhảy vào / quyết tâm bắt đầu","I finally took the plunge and committed to learning every day."],["dive in","DAIV-IN","nhảy vào / bắt đầu ngay không do dự","I decided to dive in and just get started."],["ease into","EEZ-IN-tuh","từ từ bước vào / làm quen dần","I'm easing into the habit so I don't burn out too quickly."],["ease off","EEZ-AWF","giảm bớt / nới lỏng","I need to ease off a bit before I exhaust myself."],["dial it back","DAIL-IT-BÆK","giảm lại / thu nhỏ lại","I had to dial it back when I realized I was overdoing it."],["dial it up","DAIL-IT-UP","tăng lên / nâng cao hơn","Once the habit is solid, I'll dial it up gradually."],["push the envelope","PUSH-thee-EN-vuh-lohp","vượt giới hạn / thử thách ranh giới","I'm not afraid to push the envelope when it comes to my personal growth."],["push your limits","PUSH-yor-LIM-its","vượt giới hạn của bản thân…","Every day I try to push my limits a little further."],["go the extra mile","GOH-thee-EK-struh-MAIL","nỗ lực thêm / làm hơn cả mong đợi","I always try to go the extra mile, even when no one is watching."],["go above and beyond","GOH-uh-BUV-un-bi-OND","làm vượt mức mong đợi…","I want to go above and beyond in everything I commit to."],["give it your all","GIV-IT-yor-AWL","cống hiến hết mình / làm hết sức","Whatever I take on, I try to give it my all."],["give it 100%","GIV-IT-WUN-HUN-drid-PER-sent","cống hiến 100% / nỗ lực toàn lực","I might not always succeed, but I give it 100%."],["give it a shot","GIV-IT-uh-SHOT","thử một lần / thử xem sao","I'm willing to give it a shot, even if it doesn't work out."],["give it a go","GIV-IT-uh-GOH","thử làm / thử một lần","I decided to give it a go and see where it takes me."],["take a stab at","TAYK-uh-STÆB-æt","thử làm / thử một lần","Let me take a stab at explaining this in my own words."],["have a crack at","HÆV-uh-KRÆK-æt","thử làm / thử đương đầu","I'm going to have a crack at this new challenge."],["make a go of","MAYK-uh-GOH-ov","cố làm thành công / cố gắng được","I'm determined to make a go of this."],["see it through","SEE-IT-THROO","theo đuổi đến cùng / làm đến khi xong","Once I start something, I always try to see it through."],["follow through","FOL-oh-THROO","thực hiện đến cùng / làm theo đúng kế hoạch","I'm working on my ability to follow through on commitments."],["see through","SEE-THROO","nhìn xuyên qua / nhận ra bản chất thật","I can see through my own excuses now."],["cut through","KUT-THROO","cắt bỏ / vượt qua trực tiếp","I'm learning to cut through the noise and focus on what matters."],["get through","GET-THROO","vượt qua / hoàn thành","I need to get through this difficult period."],["pull through","PUL-THROO","vượt qua / sống sót qua được","No matter how hard it gets, I know I can pull through."],["push through","PUSH-THROO","cố vượt qua / tiếp tục bất chấp","I've learned to push through the discomfort."],["power through","PAU-er-THROO","cố sức vượt qua / làm cho xong bằng ý chí","I power through the tough sessions by reminding myself of my why."],["work through","WERK-THROO","làm việc vượt qua / giải quyết từ từ","I've been working through my challenges one by one."],["think through","THINK-THROO","suy nghĩ kỹ / cân nhắc toàn bộ","I try to think through every decision before I commit."],["talk through","TAWK-THROO","nói chuyện qua / thảo luận từng bước","Sometimes I need to talk through my ideas before I can act on them."],["run through","RUN-THROO","xem lướt qua / luyện tập qua","Let me run through my plan before I start executing."],["go through the motions","GOH-throo-thuh-MOH-shunz","làm chiếu lệ / làm cho có","I refuse to just go through the motions — I want to be fully present."],["go through with","GOH-throo-WITH","tiến hành thực sự / thực hiện dù có khó","I'm going to go through with the plan, no matter how hard it gets."],["put in the work","PUT-in-thuh-WERK","bỏ công sức ra / làm đúng việc","The results I want require me to put in the work every day."],["put in the hours","PUT-in-thuh-AURZ","bỏ giờ ra / dành thời gian","Success doesn't happen overnight — you have to put in the hours."],["put in the effort","PUT-in-thee-EF-ert","bỏ nỗ lực ra…","I'm committed to putting in the effort required for real growth."],["put yourself out there","PUT-yor-SELF-AUT-ther","dấn thân / mạo hiểm thể hiện bản thân","To grow, you have to be willing to put yourself out there."],["put your foot down","PUT-yor-FUT-DAUN","kiên quyết / nói không một cách dứt khoát","I had to put my foot down and stop saying yes to everything."],["put your best foot forward","PUT-yor-BEST-FUT-FOR-werd","làm hết sức / thể hiện mặt tốt nhất","I try to put my best foot forward in everything I do."],["put things into perspective","PUT-THINGZ-IN-tuh-per-SPEK-tiv","nhìn nhận đúng tầm / đặt vào bối cảnh","When I feel overwhelmed, I try to put things into perspective."],["put two and two together","PUT-TOO-un-TOO-tuh-GETH-er","suy ra / kết nối các manh mối","Once I put two and two together, the solution became obvious."],["wrap your head around","RÆPP-yor-HED-uh-RAUND","hiểu được / nắm được một khái niệm khó","It took me a while to wrap my head around how habits actually work."],["get your head around","GET-yor-HED-uh-RAUND","hiểu được / tiêu hóa được","I'm still trying to get my head around the sheer scale of the goal."],["wrap up","RÆPP-UP","kết thúc / tổng kết","Let me wrap up with one final thought."],["sum up","SUM-UP","tóm lại / tổng kết","To sum up, the key is to show up every day without exception."],["narrow it down","NEHR-oh-IT-DAUN","thu hẹp lại / chọn lọc","I've narrowed it down to three core habits I want to build."],["boil it down","BOIL-IT-DAUN","tóm gọn / đơn giản hóa","If I boil it down, success is just consistent effort over time."],["break it down","BRAYK-IT-DAUN","phân tích / chia nhỏ ra","Let me break it down into three simple steps."],["lay it out","LAY-IT-AUT","trình bày rõ / bày ra","Let me lay it out clearly so there's no confusion."],["spell it out","SPEL-IT-AUT","nói rõ ràng / giải thích từng bước","Do I really need to spell it out? Consistency is the key."],["flesh it out","FLESH-IT-AUT","bổ sung chi tiết / làm đầy nội dung","I have the core idea — now I need to flesh it out."],["map it out","MÆP-IT-AUT","lên kế hoạch / lập sơ đồ","I like to map out my week every Sunday."],["figure out","FIG-yer-AUT","tìm ra / hiểu được","I'm still figuring out the best time of day to do deep work."],["sort out","SORT-AUT","sắp xếp / giải quyết","I need to sort out my priorities before adding new habits."],["iron out","AI-ern-AUT","giải quyết vấn đề nhỏ / xử lý trở ngại","I'm ironing out the kinks in my morning routine."],["smooth out","SMOODH-AUT","làm mượt / loại bỏ trục trặc","I'm trying to smooth out the rough edges in my workflow."],["work out the kinks","WERK-AUT-thuh-KINKS","loại bỏ vấn đề nhỏ / cải thiện quy trình","I'm still working out the kinks in my new routine."],["come up with","KUM-UP-WITH","nghĩ ra / đề xuất","I need to come up with a better system for managing my time."],["think up","THINK-UP","nghĩ ra / phát minh","I'm trying to think up a way to make the habit more enjoyable."],["come up against","KUM-UP-uh-GENST","gặp phải / đối mặt với","I keep coming up against the same obstacles again and again."],["run up against","RUN-UP-uh-GENST","gặp phải / va chạm với","I ran up against a major roadblock this week."],["bump into","BUMP-IN-tuh","tình cờ gặp / đụng phải","I bumped into a new strategy that completely changed my approach."],["stumble upon","STUM-bul-uh-PON","tình cờ tìm thấy / bắt gặp","I stumbled upon a book that changed the way I think about habits."],["come across","KUM-uh-KROS","gặp / tìm thấy ngẫu nhiên","I came across an idea that completely reframed my thinking."],["pick up on","PIK-UP-ON","nhận ra / chú ý đến","I've started to pick up on patterns in my own behavior."],["catch on","KÆCH-ON","hiểu ra / làm theo","It took me a while to catch on, but now I get it."],["click into place","KLIK-IN-tuh-PLAYS","đột nhiên hiểu ra / mọi thứ khớp vào nhau","After weeks of confusion, it all clicked into place."],["have an epiphany","hæv-un-ih-PIF-uh-nee","có khoảnh khắc bừng ngộ / đột ngột hiểu ra","I had an epiphany while journaling one morning."],["connect the dots","kuh-NEKT-thuh-DOTS","nối các điểm lại / hiểu toàn bộ bức tranh","Once I connected the dots, the pattern became obvious."],["see the big picture","SEE-thuh-BIG-PIK-cher","nhìn thấy bức tranh tổng thể…","I try to see the big picture even when I'm focused on small steps."],["lose sight of","LOOZ-SAIT-ov","đánh mất tầm nhìn / quên đi điều quan trọng","I sometimes lose sight of why I started."],["keep sight of","KEEP-SAIT-ov","giữ tầm nhìn về / không quên","I keep sight of my long-term goal even when things get tough."],["keep in mind","KEEP-in-MAIND","ghi nhớ / lưu ý","Keep in mind that progress is rarely linear."],["bear in mind","BER-in-MAIND","ghi nhớ / lưu ý (hơi trang trọng)","Bear in mind that setbacks are a natural part of the journey."],["take into account","TAYK-IN-tuh-uh-KAUNT","tính đến / xét đến","I try to take into account how much energy I have before planning my day."],["take into consideration","TAYK-IN-tuh-kun-SID-er-AY-shun","xem xét đến / cân nhắc","I always take into consideration how each habit affects my overall energy."],["factor in","FÆKT-er-IN","tính đến / đưa vào công thức","I need to factor in rest days when planning my weekly routine."],["account for","uh-KAUNT-for","giải thích / tính toán cho","I need to account for the days when I'm just not at my best."],["allow for","uh-LAU-for","cho phép / tạo không gian cho","I try to allow for flexibility in my schedule."],["make allowances for","MAYK-uh-LAU-en-siz-for","nhượng bộ / châm chước cho","I'm learning to make allowances for bad days without losing momentum."],["give credit to","GIV-KRED-it-tuh","công nhận / trao credit cho","I should give credit to the habits that have gotten me this far."],["give yourself credit","GIV-yor-SELF-KRED-it","công nhận bản thân / đánh giá đúng sự cố gắng","I need to give myself credit for how far I've come."],["take credit for","TAYK-KRED-it-for","nhận lãnh công lao cho / nhận trách nhiệm về thành tích","I want to take credit for my progress, not just my failures."],["own up to","OHN-UP-tuh","thừa nhận / nhận lỗi","I've started to own up to my mistakes instead of making excuses."],["come clean","KUM-KLEEN","thú nhận / nói thật","I finally came clean with myself about why I was avoiding the habit."],["face up to","FAYS-UP-tuh","đối mặt thẳng với / nhìn nhận sự thật","It's time to face up to the habits that are holding me back."],["face the music","FAYS-thuh-MYOO-zik","đối mặt hậu quả / chấp nhận sự thật","I had to face the music and accept that I'd been slipping."],["bite the dust","BAIT-thuh-DUST","thất bại / bị loại bỏ","A lot of my bad habits have finally bitten the dust."],["old habits die hard","OHLD-HÆB-its-DAI-HARD","thói quen cũ khó bỏ…","Old habits die hard — but I'm making real progress."],["break a habit","BRAYK-uh-HÆB-it","bỏ một thói quen…","It's taken me months to break the habit of checking my phone first thing."],["form a habit","FORM-uh-HÆB-it","hình thành thói quen…","I'm trying to form a habit of reading every morning."],["build a habit","BILD-uh-HÆB-it","xây dựng thói quen…","Building a habit takes patience and repetition."],["kick a habit","KIK-uh-HÆB-it","dứt bỏ thói quen…","I'm working hard to kick the habit of procrastinating."],["fall into a habit","FAWL-IN-tuh-uh-HÆB-it","vô tình tạo thói quen…","I fell into the habit of staying up too late without realizing it."],["get into the habit of","GET-IN-tuh-thuh-HÆB-it-ov","có thói quen làm gì…","I'm getting into the habit of reviewing my day each evening."],["make a habit of","MAYK-uh-HÆB-it-ov","tạo thói quen với…","I've made a habit of writing down three priorities each morning."],["be in the habit of","BEE-in-thuh-HÆB-it-ov","có thói quen làm gì đó (hiện tại)…","I'm in the habit of reviewing my goals every Sunday."],["pick up a habit","PIK-UP-uh-HÆB-it","lấy lại / phát triển một thói quen…","I picked up the habit of journaling and it changed my outlook."],["ingrain a habit","IN-grayn-uh-HÆB-it","khắc sâu thói quen / làm cho thói quen bén rễ","The goal is to ingrain the habit so deeply it becomes automatic."],["anchor a habit","ÆNG-ker-uh-HÆB-it","gắn thói quen vào / neo thói quen vào hành động khác","I anchor my new habit to my morning coffee to make it stick."],["stack habits","STÆK-HÆB-its","chồng thói quen / gắn kết thói quen với nhau","I've started habit stacking to make my routine more efficient."],["make the most of","MAYK-thuh-MOHST-ov","tận dụng tối đa…","I try to make the most of every hour I have."],["make the best of","MAYK-thuh-BEST-ov","làm tốt nhất trong hoàn cảnh…","Even on difficult days, I try to make the best of the situation."],["make a point of","MAYK-uh-POINT-ov","cố ý làm / chủ tâm làm…","I make a point of reviewing my goals every morning."],["make a mental note","MAYK-uh-MEN-tul-NOHT","ghi chú trong đầu…","I made a mental note to be gentler with myself on tough days."],["take note of","TAYK-NOHT-ov","chú ý đến / ghi nhớ…","I try to take note of what triggers my unproductive patterns."],["pay attention to","PAY-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","chú ý đến…","I'm paying more attention to how my body feels throughout the day."],["turn your attention to","TERN-yor-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","hướng sự chú ý đến…","Let me turn my attention to what's actually working."],["draw attention to","DRAW-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","thu hút sự chú ý đến…","I want to draw attention to the progress I've already made."],["bring something to light","BRING-SUM-thing-tuh-LAIT","đưa ra ánh sáng / tiết lộ…","This challenge brought to light some habits I didn't know I had."],["shed light on","SHED-LAIT-ON","làm sáng tỏ / giải thích…","Reading that book shed light on why my old approach wasn't working."],["cast doubt on","KAST-DAUT-ON","gây nghi ngờ về…","I don't want to cast doubt on my own abilities."],["raise doubts about","RAYZ-DAUTS-uh-BAUT","đặt ra nghi ngờ về…","My past failures sometimes raise doubts about whether I can succeed."],["silence your inner critic","SAI-lens-yor-IN-er-KRIT-ik","im lặng tiếng phán xét nội tâm…","I've been working on silencing my inner critic through journaling."],["quiet the noise","KWAI-et-thuh-NOIZ","làm yên tâm trí / loại bỏ phiền nhiễu…","Meditation helps me quiet the noise and focus on what matters."],["cut out the noise","KUT-AUT-thuh-NOIZ","loại bỏ sự phân tâm / cắt bỏ ồn ào…","I'm trying to cut out the noise and focus on what truly moves the needle."],["move the needle","MOOV-thuh-NEE-dul","tạo tiến bộ thực sự / thay đổi kết quả…","I focus on the activities that actually move the needle."],["make a dent","MAYK-uh-DENT","tạo tác động / gây ra thay đổi…","I want to make a dent in my long-term goals this year."],["make a difference","MAYK-uh-DIF-er-ents","tạo ra sự khác biệt…","Even small changes can make a huge difference over time."],["make an impact","MAYK-un-IM-pækt","gây tác động / có ảnh hưởng…","I want to make an impact, starting with myself."],["have an effect on","HÆV-un-ih-FEKT-ON","có tác động đến…","Everything I eat and drink has an effect on how I focus."],["have a bearing on","HÆV-uh-BER-ing-ON","có ảnh hưởng đến / liên quan đến…","The amount of sleep I get has a direct bearing on my productivity."],["take a toll on","TAYK-uh-TOHL-ON","gây hao mòn / ảnh hưởng xấu đến…","Chronic stress can really take a toll on your focus and energy."],["wear you down","WER-yoo-DAUN","làm mòn / làm kiệt sức dần dần…","Constantly fighting your own habits will wear you down."],["burn out","BERN-AUT","kiệt sức / đốt cháy hết năng lượng…","I burned out last year trying to do too much at once."],["bounce back","BAUNS-BÆK","phục hồi / bật lại sau khó khăn…","No matter how many times I fall, I always bounce back."],["get back up","GET-bæk-UP","đứng dậy lại / tiếp tục sau thất bại…","When I fall, the most important thing is to get back up."],["dust yourself off","DUST-yor-SELF-AWF","phủi bụi / gạt bỏ thất bại và tiếp tục…","When you fail, just dust yourself off and try again."],["pick yourself up","PIK-yor-SELF-UP","vực dậy bản thân / tiếp tục sau thất bại…","You have to learn to pick yourself up after every setback."],["get a grip on","GET-uh-GRIP-ON","nắm lấy / kiểm soát được…","I'm working on getting a grip on my emotional reactions."],["get a handle on","GET-uh-HÆN-dul-ON","kiểm soát được / nắm bắt được…","I'm getting a handle on how to manage my energy throughout the day."],["take control of","TAYK-kun-TROHL-ov","kiểm soát / nắm quyền kiểm soát…","I'm taking control of my time and energy."],["let go of","LET-GOH-ov","buông bỏ / từ bỏ…","I'm learning to let go of perfectionism."],["hold on to","HOHLD-ON-tuh","bám vào / giữ lấy…","I hold on to the belief that consistent effort always pays off."],["cling to","KLING-tuh","bám chặt vào / không chịu buông…","I try not to cling to old habits that no longer serve me."],["move on from","MOOV-ON-frum","bước tiếp / tiếp tục sau…","I've moved on from the habits that were holding me back."],["move past","MOOV-PÆST","vượt qua / tiến lên phía trước…","I'm learning to move past my mistakes quickly."],["leave behind","LEEV-bi-HAIND","bỏ lại / để lại phía sau…","I'm leaving behind my old excuses."],["put behind you","PUT-bi-HAIND-yoo","để phía sau / không nghĩ về nữa…","I've put the setbacks behind me and I'm focused on moving forward."],["draw a line under","DRAW-uh-LAIN-UN-der","chấm dứt / đặt dấu chấm hết với…","I'm drawing a line under my old approach and starting fresh."],["turn over a new leaf","TERN-OH-ver-uh-NYOO-LEEF","làm lại từ đầu / đổi mới bản thân…","This year, I'm turning over a new leaf when it comes to my habits."],["start fresh","START-FRESH","bắt đầu lại mới / khởi đầu mới…","Every morning is a chance to start fresh."],["start over","START-OH-ver","bắt đầu lại từ đầu…","I had to start over, and that was actually the best thing that happened."],["square one","SKWER-WUN","điểm xuất phát / điểm bắt đầu lại…","I'm back at square one, but this time I have a much better plan."],["go back to basics","GOH-bæk-tuh-BAY-siks","quay lại cơ bản…","When I get overwhelmed, I go back to basics and simplify."],["strip it back","STRIP-IT-BÆK","lột bỏ bớt / đơn giản hóa…","Sometimes the best move is to strip it back and simplify everything."],["lay the groundwork","LAY-thuh-GRAUND-werk","đặt nền móng / chuẩn bị nền tảng…","I'm laying the groundwork for a much better year."],["lay the foundation","LAY-thuh-faun-DAY-shun","đặt nền móng…","I'm laying the foundation for long-term success right now."],["build on","BILD-ON","xây dựng trên nền…","I want to build on the progress I've already made."],["build up","BILD-UP","xây dựng tích lũy / phát triển dần…","I'm building up my capacity for sustained focus."],["compound over time","KOM-paund-OH-ver-TAIM","tích lũy theo thời gian…","Small daily habits compound over time into massive results."],["gain momentum","GAYN-muh-MEN-tum","tạo đà / lấy đà…","I'm starting to gain momentum after a slow start."],["lose momentum","LOOZ-muh-MEN-tum","mất đà / giảm tốc…","I tend to lose momentum when I take too many days off."],["keep the momentum going","KEEP-thuh-muh-MEN-tum-GOH-ing","giữ đà tiến…","Once I get going, I work hard to keep the momentum going."],["build momentum","BILD-muh-MEN-tum","tạo dựng đà…","I focus on small wins to build momentum early in the day."],["gather steam","GÆTH-er-STEEM","lấy đà / tăng tốc…","The habit is starting to gather steam after the first few weeks."],["pick up steam","PIK-UP-STEEM","tăng tốc / lấy đà…","Once I got the habit going, it started to pick up steam."],["run out of steam","RUN-AUT-ov-STEEM","hết đà / mất sức…","I run out of steam by the afternoon if I don't rest enough."],["recharge your batteries","ree-CHARJ-yor-BÆT-er-eez","nạp lại năng lượng…","I make sure to recharge my batteries on weekends."],["recharge","ree-CHARJ","nạp lại năng lượng…","I need some quiet time to recharge after a busy week."],["hit the reset button","HIT-thuh-ree-SET-BUT-un","nhấn nút reset / bắt đầu lại…","Sometimes I need to hit the reset button and start fresh."],["take stock of","TAYK-STOK-ov","đánh giá lại / kiểm tra lại…","I take stock of my progress every month to see what's working."],["take a step back","TAYK-uh-STEP-BÆK","lùi lại một bước / nhìn rộng hơn…","Sometimes you need to take a step back and reassess."],["zoom out","ZOOM-AUT","phóng to ra / nhìn bức tranh lớn hơn…","When I get overwhelmed, I zoom out and look at the big picture."],["zoom in on","ZOOM-IN-ON","phóng to vào / tập trung vào…","I need to zoom in on the specific habits that are holding me back."],["home in on","HOHM-IN-ON","nhắm đúng vào / tập trung chính xác vào…","I've been homing in on the one habit that makes all others easier."],["zero in on","ZEE-roh-IN-ON","tập trung đúng vào / nhắm chính xác vào…","I'm zeroing in on the root cause of my lack of focus."],["drill down into","DRIL-DAUN-IN-tuh","đào sâu vào / phân tích chi tiết…","I need to drill down into why I keep skipping my evening routine."],["dig deep","DIG-DEEP","đào sâu / nỗ lực thêm khi mọi thứ khó…","When things get hard, I dig deep and remind myself why I started."],["look within","LUK-with-IN","nhìn vào bên trong / tìm hiểu nội tâm…","The answers I need are inside me — I just have to look within."],["do some soul-searching","DOO-sum-SOHL-surch-ing","suy xét sâu / tìm hiểu bản thân…","I've been doing some soul-searching about what really matters to me."],["take a hard look at","TAYK-uh-HARD-LUK-æt","nhìn thẳng vào / đánh giá thẳng thắn…","It's time to take a hard look at the habits that aren't serving me."],["hold up a mirror","HOHLD-UP-uh-MIR-er","soi gương / nhìn nhận sự thật về bản thân…","Sometimes I need someone to hold up a mirror and show me the truth."],["turn over in your mind","TERN-OH-ver-in-yor-MAIND","suy nghĩ nhiều về / trăn trở…","I've been turning this idea over in my mind for weeks."],["mull it over","MUL-IT-OH-ver","suy nghĩ thêm / cân nhắc…","Give me time to mull it over before I commit."],["chew on it","CHOO-ON-IT","suy nghĩ về / tiêu hóa ý tưởng…","That's a powerful idea — I need to chew on it for a while."],["sit with it","SIT-WITH-IT","ở với nó / chấp nhận và chờ…","Sometimes you just have to sit with the discomfort before moving on."],["grow into","GROH-IN-tuh","phát triển thành / dần quen với…","I'm growing into the person I always knew I could be."],["grow through","GROH-THROO","lớn lên qua / phát triển nhờ…","I want to grow through every challenge I face."],["outgrow","AUT-GROH","vượt qua / không còn phù hợp nữa…","I've outgrown my old habits and I'm ready for a new chapter."],["come into your own","KUM-IN-tuh-yor-OHN","thể hiện tài năng thật / trở nên xuất sắc…","I feel like I'm finally coming into my own as a learner."],["find your footing","FAIND-yor-FUT-ing","tìm được thế đứng / ổn định được…","It took a few months, but I've finally found my footing."],["find your groove","FAIND-yor-GROOV","tìm được nhịp / vào guồng…","Once I found my groove, consistency became much easier."],["get into the zone","GET-IN-tuh-thuh-ZOHN","vào trạng thái tốt nhất / flow state…","I try to get into the zone by removing all distractions first."],["be in the zone","BEE-in-thuh-ZOHN","đang ở trạng thái tập trung cao độ…","When I'm in the zone, hours feel like minutes."],["be in a flow state","BEE-in-uh-FLOH-STAYT","đang ở trạng thái flow / hoàn toàn đắm chìm…","I aim to be in a flow state for at least two hours every morning."]]
[["In my opinion","in-mai-uh-PIN-yun","Theo ý kiến của tôi…","In my opinion, learning English through chunks is far more effective."],["From my point of view","frum-mai-POINT-ov-VYOO","Từ góc nhìn của tôi…","From my point of view, daily practice matters more than talent."],["As far as I'm concerned","æz-FAR-æz-aim-kun-SERND","Theo tôi mà nói…","As far as I'm concerned, consistency is the key to fluency."],["Personally, I believe that","PER-sun-ul-ee-ai-bi-LEEV-thæt","Cá nhân tôi tin rằng…","Personally, I believe that technology has changed how we learn."],["I strongly feel that","ai-STRONG-lee-FEEL-thæt","Tôi thực sự cảm thấy rằng…","I strongly feel that education should be accessible to everyone."],["I'm of the opinion that","aim-ov-thee-uh-PIN-yun-thæt","Tôi có quan điểm rằng…","I'm of the opinion that city life offers more opportunities."],["I tend to think that","ai-TEN-tuh-THINK-thæt","Tôi thường nghĩ rằng…","I tend to think that hard work eventually pays off."],["I have to say that","ai-HÆV-tuh-SAY-thæt","Tôi phải nói rằng…","I have to say that this is one of the most challenging questions."],["If I had to choose","IF-ai-hæd-tuh-CHOOZ","Nếu tôi phải chọn…","If I had to choose, I'd prefer working from home over commuting."],["My preference would be","mai-PREF-er-ents-wud-BEE","Sở thích của tôi là…","My preference would be to live in a quieter part of the city."],["I'm particularly fond of","aim-per-TIK-yuh-ler-lee-FOND-ov","Tôi đặc biệt thích…","I'm particularly fond of spending time outdoors on weekends."],["What I enjoy most is","wut-ai-en-JOI-MOAST-iz","Điều tôi thích nhất là…","What I enjoy most is the sense of accomplishment after finishing a task."],["I find it fascinating that","ai-FAIND-it-FÆS-ih-nay-ting-thæt","Tôi thấy thật thú vị rằng…","I find it fascinating that languages evolve so rapidly."],["What appeals to me is","wut-uh-PEELZ-tuh-MEE-iz","Điều thu hút tôi là…","What appeals to me is the flexibility of working remotely."],["I'd have to say my favorite is","aid-HÆV-tuh-SAY-mai-FAY-vrit-iz","Tôi phải nói rằng yêu thích của tôi là…","I'd have to say my favorite is reading before bed."],["On a regular basis","on-uh-REG-yuh-ler-BAY-sis","Trên cơ sở thường xuyên…","On a regular basis, I try to practise speaking for at least thirty minutes."],["Every once in a while","EV-ree-WUNS-in-uh-WAIL","Thỉnh thoảng / thỉnh thoảng thôi…","Every once in a while, I like to challenge myself with something new."],["I make a habit of","ai-MAYK-uh-HÆB-it-ov","Tôi tạo thói quen…","I make a habit of reviewing new vocabulary every single morning."],["I rarely have the chance to","ai-RER-lee-hæv-thuh-CHÆNS-tuh","Tôi hiếm khi có cơ hội…","I rarely have the chance to travel abroad, but I'd love to."],["I used to do it quite often but","ai-YOOST-tuh-DOO-it-KWAIT-OF-un-but","Tôi từng làm điều đó khá thường xuyên nhưng…","I used to read a lot of novels, but these days I prefer podcasts."],["It's become a part of my daily routine","its-bi-KUM-uh-PART-ov-mai-DAY-lee-roo-TEEN","Nó đã trở thành một phần thói quen hàng ngày của tôi…","Exercise has become a part of my daily routine over the past year."],["I've gotten into the habit of","aiv-GOT-un-IN-tuh-thuh-HÆB-it-ov","Tôi đã có thói quen…","I've gotten into the habit of journaling before I sleep."],["I wouldn't say I do it that often but","ai-WUD-unt-SAY-ai-DOO-it-thæt-OF-un-but","Tôi sẽ không nói tôi làm điều đó thường xuyên nhưng…","I wouldn't say I exercise every day, but I try to stay active."],["What makes it special is","wut-MAYKS-it-SPESH-ul-iz","Điều làm nó đặc biệt là…","What makes my hometown special is the close-knit community feel."],["One thing I really appreciate about","WUN-thing-ai-REE-lee-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-uh-BAUT","Một điều tôi thực sự trân trọng về…","One thing I really appreciate about my job is the flexibility."],["It's hard to put into words but","its-HARD-tuh-PUT-IN-tuh-WERDZ-but","Khó diễn đạt thành lời nhưng…","It's hard to put into words, but the experience was truly life-changing."],["The thing that stands out most is","thuh-THING-thæt-STÆNDZ-AUT-MOAST-iz","Điều nổi bật nhất là…","The thing that stands out most about that city is its architecture."],["What I find most interesting about it is","wut-ai-FAIND-MOAST-in-TRES-ting-uh-BAUT-IT-iz","Điều tôi thấy thú vị nhất về nó là…","What I find most interesting about learning languages is the cultural insight."],["I'd describe it as","aid-di-SKRAIB-IT-æz","Tôi sẽ mô tả nó như là…","I'd describe it as a once-in-a-lifetime kind of experience."],["It can best be described as","it-kun-BEST-bee-di-SKRAIBD-æz","Nó có thể được mô tả tốt nhất là…","It can best be described as a blend of the traditional and the modern."],["I'd like to talk about a time when","aid-LAIK-tuh-TAWK-uh-BAUT-uh-TAIM-wen","Tôi muốn nói về một lần khi…","I'd like to talk about a time when I had to step completely out of my comfort zone."],["This happened about","THIS-HÆP-und-uh-BAUT","Chuyện này xảy ra khoảng…","This happened about two years ago when I was living in a different city."],["At the time","æt-thuh-TAIM","Vào thời điểm đó…","At the time, I had no idea how significant that decision would turn out to be."],["Looking back on it","LUK-ing-BÆK-ON-IT","Nhìn lại thì…","Looking back on it, that was probably the best thing that happened to me."],["What really struck me was","wut-REE-lee-STRUK-mee-WUZ","Điều thực sự khiến tôi ấn tượng là…","What really struck me was how welcoming everyone was."],["I'll never forget the moment when","ail-NEV-er-for-GET-thuh-MOH-ment-wen","Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên khoảnh khắc khi…","I'll never forget the moment when I finally crossed the finish line."],["As soon as I arrived","æz-SOON-æz-ai-uh-RAIVD","Ngay khi tôi đến…","As soon as I arrived, I realised this was going to be a challenge."],["Before I knew it","bi-FOR-ai-NOO-IT","Trước khi tôi kịp nhận ra…","Before I knew it, three hours had passed and I was completely absorbed."],["The whole experience was","thuh-HOHL-ek-SPEER-ee-ens-WUZ","Toàn bộ trải nghiệm thật là…","The whole experience was both exhausting and incredibly rewarding."],["It turned out to be","it-TERND-AUT-tuh-BEE","Hoá ra nó là…","It turned out to be one of the most memorable trips I've ever taken."],["What made it particularly memorable was","wut-MAYD-it-per-TIK-yuh-ler-lee-MEM-or-uh-bul-WUZ","Điều làm nó đặc biệt đáng nhớ là…","What made it particularly memorable was the unexpected kindness of strangers."],["Looking back","LUK-ing-BÆK","Nhìn lại…","Looking back, I realise how much that experience changed my perspective."],["I vividly remember","ai-VIV-id-lee-ri-MEM-ber","Tôi nhớ rất rõ…","I vividly remember the feeling of nervousness before going on stage."],["The most significant aspect was","thuh-MOAST-sig-NIF-ih-kunt-ÆS-pekt-WUZ","Khía cạnh quan trọng nhất là…","The most significant aspect was how it pushed me to grow as a person."],["It was at that point that I realised","it-WUZ-æt-thæt-POINT-thæt-ai-REE-uh-laizd","Chính vào lúc đó tôi nhận ra…","It was at that point that I realised I was capable of much more than I thought."],["The reason I chose this is","thuh-REE-zun-ai-CHOAZ-THIS-iz","Lý do tôi chọn điều này là…","The reason I chose this particular memory is because it changed my outlook."],["I'd say it had a lasting impact on me because","aid-SAY-it-hæd-uh-LÆS-ting-IM-pækt-on-MEE-bi-KUZ","Tôi sẽ nói nó có tác động lâu dài với tôi vì…","I'd say it had a lasting impact on me because it taught me resilience."],["To give you a bit of background","tuh-GIV-yoo-uh-BIT-ov-BÆK-graund","Để cho bạn thêm bối cảnh…","To give you a bit of background, I had just moved to a new city."],["There's a particular experience that comes to mind","therz-uh-per-TIK-yuh-ler-ek-SPEER-ee-ens-thæt-KUMZ-tuh-MAIND","Có một trải nghiệm đặc biệt hiện lên trong đầu…","There's a particular experience that comes to mind when I think about that period."],["It was the kind of moment that","it-WUZ-thuh-KAIND-ov-MOH-ment-thæt","Đó là kiểu khoảnh khắc mà…","It was the kind of moment that you never really forget."],["To begin with","tuh-bi-GIN-WITH","Để bắt đầu…","To begin with, I'd never actually planned to visit that country."],["Shortly after that","SHORT-lee-AF-ter-thæt","Ngay sau đó…","Shortly after that, things started to shift in an unexpected direction."],["As the day went on","æz-thuh-DAY-WENT-ON","Khi ngày trôi qua…","As the day went on, I started to feel more confident and at ease."],["By the end of it","bai-thee-END-ov-IT","Vào cuối cùng…","By the end of it, I felt completely different from how I'd started."],["As things progressed","æz-THINGZ-pruh-GREST","Khi mọi việc tiến triển…","As things progressed, the challenge became more manageable."],["Initially, I was a bit","ih-NISH-uh-lee-ai-WUZ-uh-BIT","Ban đầu, tôi khá là…","Initially, I was a bit hesitant, but I'm glad I decided to go ahead."],["As time went on","æz-TAIM-WENT-ON","Khi thời gian trôi qua…","As time went on, I began to see the value in what I was doing."],["Eventually","ih-VEN-choo-uh-lee","Cuối cùng…","Eventually, I reached a point where I felt completely at home."],["Towards the end","tuh-WORDZ-thee-END","Về phía cuối…","Towards the end, I started to feel a real sense of achievement."],["Not long after","NOT-LONG-AF-ter","Không lâu sau đó…","Not long after, the situation began to turn around."],["That's a really thought-provoking question","thæts-uh-REE-lee-THAWT-pruh-voh-king-KWES-chun","Đó là một câu hỏi thực sự đáng suy nghĩ…","That's a really thought-provoking question — I'll need a moment to consider it."],["It's a complex issue with many sides","its-uh-KOM-pleks-ISH-oo-WITH-MEH-nee-SAIDZ","Đó là một vấn đề phức tạp với nhiều khía cạnh…","It's a complex issue with many sides, so I'll try to look at it objectively."],["There are a number of factors at play","ther-ar-uh-NUM-ber-ov-FÆK-terz-æt-PLAY","Có một số yếu tố đang tác động…","There are a number of factors at play when it comes to this issue."],["On one hand … on the other hand","on-WUN-HÆND-on-thee-UTH-er-HÆND","Một mặt… mặt khác…","On one hand, technology brings us closer; on the other hand, it can isolate us."],["While I can see the argument for","WAIL-ai-kun-SEE-thee-AR-gyuh-ment-for","Trong khi tôi có thể thấy lập luận cho…","While I can see the argument for stricter rules, I think flexibility matters too."],["I think the key issue here is","ai-THINK-thuh-KEY-ISH-oo-HEER-iz","Tôi nghĩ vấn đề chính ở đây là…","I think the key issue here is a lack of access to quality education."],["It largely depends on","it-LARJ-lee-di-PENDZ-ON","Phần lớn phụ thuộc vào…","It largely depends on the individual and their specific circumstances."],["I think it's fair to say that","ai-THINK-its-FER-tuh-SAY-thæt","Tôi nghĩ có thể nói một cách công bằng rằng…","I think it's fair to say that attitudes toward work have changed dramatically."],["To a certain degree","tuh-uh-SER-tun-di-GREE","Đến một mức độ nhất định…","To a certain degree, social media has reshaped how we communicate."],["The way I see it","thuh-WAY-ai-SEE-IT","Theo cách tôi thấy…","The way I see it, both approaches have their merits and drawbacks."],["It's worth noting that","its-WERTH-NOH-ting-thæt","Đáng chú ý là…","It's worth noting that the situation varies significantly across different regions."],["I suppose it boils down to","ai-suh-POHZ-it-BOILZ-DAUN-tuh","Tôi đoán nó tóm lại là…","I suppose it boils down to a question of priorities and values."],["In an ideal world","in-un-ai-DEE-ul-WERLD","Trong một thế giới lý tưởng…","In an ideal world, everyone would have equal access to healthcare."],["What concerns me most is","wut-kun-SERNZ-mee-MOAST-iz","Điều tôi lo ngại nhất là…","What concerns me most is the long-term impact this will have on younger generations."],["The evidence seems to suggest that","thee-EV-ih-dens-SEEMZ-tuh-suh-JEST-thæt","Bằng chứng dường như gợi ý rằng…","The evidence seems to suggest that early education has a profound impact."],["It's difficult to generalise but","its-DIF-ih-kult-tuh-JEN-er-uh-laiz-but","Khó mà khái quát nhưng…","It's difficult to generalise, but most people seem to agree on this point."],["From a broader perspective","frum-uh-BRAWD-er-per-SPEK-tiv","Từ góc nhìn rộng hơn…","From a broader perspective, this trend reflects a major shift in society."],["I'd argue that","aid-AR-gyoo-thæt","Tôi sẽ lập luận rằng…","I'd argue that the benefits far outweigh the potential risks."],["That said, I think we also need to consider","thæt-SED-ai-THINK-wee-AWL-soh-NEED-tuh-kun-SID-er","Điều đó được nói, tôi nghĩ chúng ta cũng cần xem xét…","That said, I think we also need to consider the economic implications."],["What's interesting is that","wuts-IN-tres-ting-iz-thæt","Điều thú vị là…","What's interesting is that opinions on this tend to vary widely by age group."],["Compared to previous generations","kum-PERD-tuh-PREE-vee-us-jen-er-AY-shunz","So với các thế hệ trước…","Compared to previous generations, young people today face very different pressures."],["In contrast to","in-KON-træst-tuh","Ngược lại với…","In contrast to rural areas, cities tend to offer far more employment options."],["Whereas in the past","WER-æz-in-thuh-PÆST","Trong khi trong quá khứ…","Whereas in the past people relied on newspapers, today it's all digital."],["The difference between the two is","thuh-DIF-er-ents-bi-TWEEN-thuh-TOO-iz","Sự khác biệt giữa hai cái là…","The difference between the two approaches is significant in terms of cost."],["Similarly","SIM-ih-ler-lee","Tương tự như vậy…","Similarly, other countries have faced the same challenges with urbanisation."],["Both X and Y share the common feature of","both-eks-un-WAI-SHER-thuh-KOM-un-FEE-cher-ov","Cả X lẫn Y đều có điểm chung là…","Both approaches share the common feature of prioritising long-term results."],["In some ways it's similar to","in-SUM-WAYZ-its-SIM-ih-ler-tuh","Theo một số cách nó giống với…","In some ways it's similar to how we deal with other social challenges."],["Unlike","un-LAIK","Không giống / khác với…","Unlike formal schooling, self-directed learning gives you total control."],["This is largely due to the fact that","THIS-iz-LARJ-lee-DYOO-tuh-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Điều này phần lớn là do thực tế rằng…","This is largely due to the fact that access to the internet has expanded."],["One of the main reasons for this is","WUN-ov-thuh-MAYN-REE-zunz-for-THIS-iz","Một trong những lý do chính cho điều này là…","One of the main reasons for this is the rising cost of living in major cities."],["This has led to","THIS-hæz-LED-tuh","Điều này đã dẫn đến…","This has led to a significant shift in how people balance work and personal life."],["As a direct result of","æz-uh-di-REKT-ri-ZULT-ov","Là kết quả trực tiếp của…","As a direct result of automation, many traditional jobs have disappeared."],["The knock-on effect of this is","thuh-NOK-on-ih-FEKT-ov-THIS-iz","Hiệu ứng dây chuyền của điều này là…","The knock-on effect of this is that younger workers feel increasingly uncertain."],["Consequently","KON-suh-kwent-lee","Do đó / Kết quả là…","Consequently, more and more people are choosing to work independently."],["This stems from","THIS-STEMZ-frum","Điều này xuất phát từ…","This stems from a deep cultural emphasis on academic achievement."],["One possible solution would be to","WUN-POS-ih-bul-suh-LOO-shun-wud-BEE-tuh","Một giải pháp có thể là…","One possible solution would be to invest more heavily in public infrastructure."],["Governments could perhaps","GUV-ern-ments-kud-per-HÆPS","Chính phủ có thể có lẽ…","Governments could perhaps introduce stronger incentives for renewable energy."],["I think the most effective approach would be","ai-THINK-thuh-MOAST-ih-FEK-tiv-uh-PROHCH-wud-BEE","Tôi nghĩ cách tiếp cận hiệu quả nhất là…","I think the most effective approach would be a combination of education and policy."],["What I think needs to happen is","wut-ai-THINK-NEEDZ-tuh-HÆP-un-iz","Điều tôi nghĩ cần xảy ra là…","What I think needs to happen is a fundamental shift in how we view failure."],["Rather than simply","RATH-er-thæn-SIM-plee","Thay vì chỉ đơn thuần…","Rather than simply blaming technology, we should teach people to use it wisely."],["I'm not entirely sure but","aim-not-en-TAIR-lee-SHOR-but","Tôi không hoàn toàn chắc nhưng…","I'm not entirely sure, but I believe the trend started around a decade ago."],["I could be wrong but","ai-kud-bee-RONG-but","Tôi có thể sai nhưng…","I could be wrong, but I think the situation is improving gradually."],["To the best of my knowledge","tuh-thuh-BEST-ov-mai-NOL-ij","Theo hiểu biết tốt nhất của tôi…","To the best of my knowledge, no definitive solution has been found yet."],["I'm no expert but","aim-NOH-EKS-pert-but","Tôi không phải chuyên gia nhưng…","I'm no expert, but I'd say the evidence points in a clear direction."],["It seems to me that","IT-SEEMZ-tuh-mee-thæt","Có vẻ với tôi rằng…","It seems to me that the problem is more cultural than economic."],["As far as I can tell","æz-FAR-æz-ai-kun-TEL","Theo như tôi có thể nhận biết…","As far as I can tell, most people are in favour of the changes."],["I imagine that","ai-ih-MÆJ-in-thæt","Tôi tưởng tượng rằng…","I imagine that working in that environment must be incredibly demanding."],["I'd guess that","aid-GES-thæt","Tôi đoán rằng…","I'd guess that the majority of people feel the same way about this."],["There's no doubt that","therz-NOH-DAUT-thæt","Không còn nghi ngờ gì rằng…","There's no doubt that climate change will affect future generations significantly."],["It goes without saying that","IT-GOHz-with-AUT-SAY-ing-thæt","Không cần phải nói thì cũng biết rằng…","It goes without saying that education is the foundation of any society."],["That's an interesting question — let me think","thæts-un-IN-tres-ting-KWES-chun-let-mee-THINK","Đó là câu hỏi thú vị — để tôi suy nghĩ…","That's an interesting question — let me think about that for a moment."],["I haven't really thought about this before but","ai-HÆV-unt-REE-lee-THAWT-uh-BAUT-THIS-bi-FOR-but","Tôi chưa thực sự nghĩ về điều này trước đây nhưng…","I haven't really thought about this before, but I'd say experience matters most."],["Could you clarify what you mean by","kud-yoo-KLÆR-ih-fai-wut-yoo-MEEN-bai","Bạn có thể làm rõ ý bạn muốn nói bằng…","Could you clarify what you mean by 'traditional values' in this context?"],["By that I mean","bai-thæt-ai-MEEN","Ý tôi muốn nói là…","By that I mean, the system needs a complete overhaul, not just minor adjustments."],["What I'm trying to say is","wut-aim-TRAI-ing-tuh-SAY-iz","Điều tôi đang cố nói là…","What I'm trying to say is that attitude plays a bigger role than aptitude."],["Let me rephrase that","let-mee-ree-FRAYZ-thæt","Để tôi diễn đạt lại điều đó…","Let me rephrase that — what I mean is that change takes time."],["To give you an example","tuh-GIV-yoo-un-eg-ZÆM-pul","Để cho bạn một ví dụ…","To give you an example, in my own experience, small habits make a big difference."],["What I mean by that is","wut-ai-MEEN-bai-thæt-iz","Ý tôi muốn nói là…","What I mean by that is that communication skills are as vital as technical ones."],["I completely agree with that view","ai-kum-PLEET-lee-uh-GREE-WITH-thæt-VYOO","Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với quan điểm đó…","I completely agree with that view — education truly is a lifelong process."],["I can see where that argument comes from","ai-kun-SEE-wer-thæt-AR-gyuh-ment-KUMZ-frum","Tôi có thể thấy lập luận đó đến từ đâu…","I can see where that argument comes from, though I'd add some nuance."],["That's a valid point and","thæts-uh-VÆL-id-POINT-un","Đó là một điểm hợp lệ và…","That's a valid point, and it's one that more people are beginning to recognise."],["I'd partially agree with that","aid-PAR-shul-ee-uh-GREE-WITH-thæt","Tôi sẽ đồng ý một phần với điều đó…","I'd partially agree with that, but I think the reality is more nuanced."],["Although I understand that perspective","awl-THOH-ai-UN-der-stænd-thæt-per-SPEK-tiv","Mặc dù tôi hiểu góc nhìn đó…","Although I understand that perspective, I think there are other factors to consider."],["Fair enough, but I still think","FER-ih-NUF-but-ai-STIL-THINK","Cũng được, nhưng tôi vẫn nghĩ…","Fair enough, but I still think we're overlooking the root cause of the problem."],["To sum up my thoughts on this","tuh-SUM-UP-mai-THAWTS-ON-THIS","Để tóm tắt suy nghĩ của tôi về điều này…","To sum up my thoughts on this, I believe a balanced approach is always best."],["All things considered","AWL-THINGZ-kun-SID-erd","Xét tất cả mọi mặt…","All things considered, I think the positives outweigh the negatives in this case."],["On balance","on-BÆL-uns","Cân nhắc mọi mặt…","On balance, I'd say that the benefits of globalisation outweigh the drawbacks."],["Taking everything into account","TAYK-ing-EV-ree-thing-IN-tuh-uh-KAUNT","Xét tất cả mọi thứ…","Taking everything into account, I think the most important thing is open dialogue."],["Ultimately, I believe","UL-tuh-mit-lee-ai-bi-LEEV","Xét cho cùng, tôi tin…","Ultimately, I believe that education and empathy hold the key to most social issues."],["In conclusion","in-kun-KLOO-zhun","Kết luận…","In conclusion, I feel that this is an area where both individuals and governments must act."],["I've always been drawn to","aiv-AWL-wayz-bin-DRAWN-tuh","Tôi luôn bị thu hút bởi…","I've always been drawn to activities that involve creative problem-solving."],["It's something I feel strongly about","its-SUM-thing-ai-FEEL-STRONG-lee-uh-BAUT","Đây là điều tôi cảm thấy mạnh mẽ về…","It's something I feel strongly about, especially after my own experience."],["I wouldn't hesitate to say that","ai-WUD-unt-HEZ-ih-tayt-tuh-SAY-thæt","Tôi sẽ không do dự nói rằng…","I wouldn't hesitate to say that travel broadens the mind significantly."],["It's fair to say that society has changed","its-FER-tuh-SAY-thæt-suh-SAI-ih-tee-hæz-CHAYNJ","Có thể nói công bằng rằng xã hội đã thay đổi…","It's fair to say that society has changed more in the last decade than in the previous fifty years."],["There's been a noticeable shift in","therz-bin-uh-NOH-tih-suh-bul-SHIFT-in","Đã có một sự thay đổi đáng chú ý trong…","There's been a noticeable shift in how people approach work-life balance."],["I think it's important to strike a balance between","ai-THINK-its-im-PORT-unt-tuh-STRAIK-uh-BÆL-uns-bi-TWEEN","Tôi nghĩ điều quan trọng là cân bằng giữa…","I think it's important to strike a balance between tradition and progress."],["What worries me about this trend is","wut-WUR-eez-mee-uh-BAUT-THIS-TREND-iz","Điều tôi lo ngại về xu hướng này là…","What worries me about this trend is its long-term effect on social cohesion."],["I find myself increasingly","ai-FAIND-mai-SELF-in-KREES-ing-lee","Tôi nhận thấy bản thân ngày càng…","I find myself increasingly concerned about the pace of change in the modern world."],["Something that I've noticed is","SUM-thing-thæt-aiv-NOH-tist-iz","Điều tôi nhận thấy là…","Something that I've noticed is that people are becoming more health-conscious."],["It's hard to ignore the fact that","its-HARD-tuh-ig-NOR-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Khó mà bỏ qua thực tế rằng…","It's hard to ignore the fact that mental health is still under-discussed."],["There's a growing recognition that","therz-uh-GROH-ing-rek-ug-NISH-un-thæt","Ngày càng có sự công nhận rằng…","There's a growing recognition that well-being matters as much as productivity."],["The general consensus seems to be that","thuh-JEN-er-ul-KON-sen-sus-SEEMZ-tuh-BEE-thæt","Sự đồng thuận chung dường như là…","The general consensus seems to be that remote work is here to stay."],["From what I've observed","frum-wut-aiv-ob-ZERVD","Từ những gì tôi đã quan sát…","From what I've observed, younger generations are far more environmentally aware."],["It's a topic that generates a lot of debate","its-uh-TOP-ik-thæt-JEN-er-ayts-uh-LOT-ov-di-BAYT","Đây là chủ đề tạo ra nhiều tranh luận…","It's a topic that generates a lot of debate, and rightly so."],["Opinions on this vary quite widely","uh-PIN-yunz-ON-THIS-VER-ee-KWAIT-WAID-lee","Ý kiến về điều này khá khác nhau…","Opinions on this vary quite widely depending on cultural background."],["I think most people would agree that","ai-THINK-MOAST-PEE-pul-wud-uh-GREE-thæt","Tôi nghĩ hầu hết mọi người sẽ đồng ý rằng…","I think most people would agree that a good education changes life trajectories."],["It depends on how you look at it","it-di-PENDZ-ON-hau-yoo-LUK-æt-IT","Tùy thuộc vào cách bạn nhìn nhận nó…","It depends on how you look at it, but I'd generally say the benefits outweigh the costs."],["Having given it some thought","HÆV-ing-GIV-un-IT-SUM-THAWT","Sau khi suy nghĩ kỹ…","Having given it some thought, I'd say the most important factor is communication."],["I think what this really comes down to is","ai-THINK-wut-THIS-REE-lee-KUMZ-DAUN-tuh-iz","Tôi nghĩ điều này thực sự tóm lại là…","I think what this really comes down to is a matter of individual responsibility."],["It's not a black-and-white issue","its-NOT-uh-BLÆK-un-WAIT-ISH-oo","Đây không phải là vấn đề trắng đen…","It's not a black-and-white issue — there are valid arguments on both sides."],["From a societal standpoint","frum-uh-suh-SAI-ih-tul-STÆND-point","Từ góc nhìn xã hội…","From a societal standpoint, this shift has had both positive and negative consequences."],["I'd be inclined to argue that","aid-BEE-in-KLAIND-tuh-AR-gyoo-thæt","Tôi sẽ có xu hướng lập luận rằng…","I'd be inclined to argue that prevention is always better than cure."],["Having said that","HÆV-ing-SED-thæt","Mặc dù vậy…","Having said that, I recognise that the issue is far more complex in practice."],["What strikes me as significant is","wut-STRAIKS-mee-æz-sig-NIF-ih-kunt-iz","Điều tôi thấy quan trọng là…","What strikes me as significant is how quickly public opinion has shifted."],["I'd say the most compelling argument is","aid-SAY-thuh-MOAST-kum-PEL-ing-AR-gyuh-ment-iz","Tôi sẽ nói lập luận thuyết phục nhất là…","I'd say the most compelling argument is the one based on long-term sustainability."],["There's clearly a need for","therz-KLEER-lee-uh-NEED-for","Rõ ràng có nhu cầu cho…","There's clearly a need for more open and honest dialogue on this subject."],["I'd put it down to","aid-PUT-it-DAUN-tuh","Tôi sẽ quy nó cho…","I'd put it down to a combination of economic pressure and changing expectations."],["What I find problematic about this is","wut-ai-FAIND-prob-LEM-ik-uh-BAUT-THIS-iz","Điều tôi thấy có vấn đề về điều này là…","What I find problematic about this is the lack of transparency in decision-making."],["If anything, I think","IF-EH-nee-thing-ai-THINK","Nếu có, tôi nghĩ…","If anything, I think the issue has become more pressing in recent years."],["I'm genuinely optimistic that","aim-JEN-yoo-in-lee-OP-tih-MIS-tik-thæt","Tôi thực sự lạc quan rằng…","I'm genuinely optimistic that the next generation will handle this better than we did."],["This is something I feel passionately about","THIS-iz-SUM-thing-ai-FEEL-PÆSH-un-it-lee-uh-BAUT","Đây là điều tôi cảm thấy say mê về…","This is something I feel passionately about, having seen its effects first-hand."],["I think we tend to underestimate","ai-THINK-wee-TEN-tuh-UN-der-es-tih-mayt","Tôi nghĩ chúng ta có xu hướng đánh giá thấp…","I think we tend to underestimate the role that small daily habits play in our wellbeing."],["In my experience","in-mai-ek-SPEER-ee-ents","Theo kinh nghiệm của tôi…","In my experience, the people who succeed most are those who keep showing up."],["Speaking from personal experience","SPEEK-ing-frum-PER-sun-ul-ek-SPEER-ee-ents","Nói từ kinh nghiệm cá nhân…","Speaking from personal experience, building discipline is a gradual process."],["I believe the root cause is","ai-bi-LEEV-thuh-ROOT-KAWZ-iz","Tôi tin rằng nguyên nhân gốc rễ là…","I believe the root cause is a misalignment between education and real-world needs."],["It's worth pointing out that","its-WERTH-POINT-ing-AUT-thæt","Đáng chỉ ra rằng…","It's worth pointing out that this issue affects different groups in different ways."],["I'd stop short of saying","aid-STOP-SHORT-ov-SAY-ing","Tôi sẽ không nói đến mức…","I'd stop short of saying it's a crisis, but it's certainly a serious concern."],["On a more personal note","on-uh-MOR-PER-sun-ul-NOHT","Trên một mặt cá nhân hơn…","On a more personal note, this is a topic that I've grappled with myself."],["I think it's naive to assume that","ai-THINK-its-nai-EEV-tuh-uh-SYOOM-thæt","Tôi nghĩ sẽ ngây thơ khi cho rằng…","I think it's naive to assume that technology alone can solve all our problems."],["What I find encouraging is","wut-ai-FAIND-en-KUR-ij-ing-iz","Điều tôi thấy khích lệ là…","What I find encouraging is the growing awareness among young people."],["To put that in context","tuh-PUT-thæt-in-KON-tekst","Để đặt điều đó vào bối cảnh…","To put that in context, the population of this city has doubled in ten years."],["It raises the question of","it-RAYZ-iz-thuh-KWES-chun-ov","Nó đặt ra câu hỏi về…","It raises the question of whether our current systems are fit for purpose."],["The implications of this are far-reaching","thee-im-plih-KAY-shunz-ov-THIS-ar-FAR-REECH-ing","Những hệ quả của điều này rất sâu rộng…","The implications of this are far-reaching and will be felt for decades to come."],["It's a double-edged sword","its-uh-DUB-ul-EJD-SWORD","Đây là con dao hai lưỡi…","It's a double-edged sword — the same technology that connects us can also divide us."],["I see both sides of the argument","ai-SEE-BOTH-SAIDZ-ov-thee-AR-gyuh-ment","Tôi thấy cả hai mặt của lập luận…","I see both sides of the argument, but I lean slightly towards the first position."],["Let me elaborate on that","let-mee-ih-LÆB-uh-rayt-ON-thæt","Để tôi giải thích thêm về điều đó…","Let me elaborate on that — I think the timing of the change was poor."],["To put it another way","tuh-PUT-it-uh-NUTH-er-WAY","Nói theo cách khác…","To put it another way, we're asking people to change habits that took years to form."],["I can't stress enough how important","ai-kænt-STRES-ih-NUF-hau-im-PORT-unt","Tôi không thể nhấn mạnh đủ tầm quan trọng của…","I can't stress enough how important early intervention can be in this case."],["The thing is","thuh-THING-iz","Vấn đề là…","The thing is, most people already know what they should be doing — they just don't do it."],["When you think about it","wen-yoo-THINK-uh-BAUT-IT","Khi bạn nghĩ về nó…","When you think about it, even small lifestyle changes can have a massive impact."],["The irony is that","thee-AI-ruh-nee-iz-thæt","Điều trớ trêu là…","The irony is that the more connected we become, the lonelier many people feel."],["What's undeniable is that","wuts-un-di-NAI-uh-bul-iz-thæt","Điều không thể phủ nhận là…","What's undeniable is that the pace of change is accelerating."],["I'd say it's a matter of","aid-SAY-its-uh-MÆ-ter-ov","Tôi sẽ nói đó là vấn đề về…","I'd say it's a matter of finding the right balance between freedom and responsibility."],["What I think is often overlooked is","wut-ai-THINK-iz-OF-un-oh-ver-LUKT-iz","Điều tôi nghĩ thường bị bỏ qua là…","What I think is often overlooked is the human cost of rapid economic development."],["I'd draw attention to the fact that","aid-DRAW-uh-TEN-shun-tuh-thuh-FÆKT-thæt","Tôi muốn thu hút sự chú ý đến thực tế rằng…","I'd draw attention to the fact that attitudes vary enormously across generations."],["This raises important questions about","THIS-RAYZ-iz-im-PORT-unt-KWES-chunz-uh-BAUT","Điều này đặt ra những câu hỏi quan trọng về…","This raises important questions about how we define success as a society."],["I genuinely think that if","ai-JEN-yoo-in-lee-THINK-thæt-IF","Tôi thực sự nghĩ rằng nếu…","I genuinely think that if we addressed this earlier, outcomes would be very different."],["Looking at the bigger picture","LUK-ing-æt-thuh-BIG-er-PIK-cher","Nhìn vào bức tranh lớn hơn…","Looking at the bigger picture, this is part of a much broader social transformation."],["It would be an oversimplification to say","it-wud-BEE-un-oh-ver-SIM-plih-fih-KAY-shun-tuh-SAY","Sẽ là đơn giản hóa quá mức khi nói…","It would be an oversimplification to say that one policy can fix everything."],["The challenge lies in","thuh-CHÆL-unj-LAIZ-in","Thách thức nằm ở…","The challenge lies in implementing change without disrupting what's already working."],["What gives me hope is","wut-GIVZ-mee-HOHP-iz","Điều mang lại cho tôi hy vọng là…","What gives me hope is the level of innovation happening at the grassroots level."],["It's a question of when, not if","its-uh-KWES-chun-ov-WEN-NOT-IF","Đây là câu hỏi khi nào, không phải nếu…","It's a question of when, not if, this change will become mainstream."],["I'd venture to say that","aid-VEN-cher-tuh-SAY-thæt","Tôi dám nói rằng…","I'd venture to say that this is one of the defining issues of our generation."],["What makes this particularly challenging is","wut-MAYKS-THIS-per-TIK-yuh-ler-lee-CHÆL-un-jing-iz","Điều làm điều này đặc biệt thách thức là…","What makes this particularly challenging is the lack of consensus on how to proceed."],["I think the tide is turning","ai-THINK-thuh-TAID-iz-TER-ning","Tôi nghĩ xu hướng đang thay đổi…","I think the tide is turning, and more people are waking up to this reality."],["There's no simple answer to that","therz-NOH-SIM-pul-ÆN-ser-tuh-thæt","Không có câu trả lời đơn giản cho điều đó…","There's no simple answer to that, but I'll do my best to share my perspective."],["At the end of the day, what matters most is","æt-thee-END-ov-thuh-DAY-wut-MÆ-terz-MOAST-iz","Cuối cùng thì điều quan trọng nhất là…","At the end of the day, what matters most is whether people feel heard and valued."],["It's not so much about X as it is about Y","its-NOT-SOH-MUCH-uh-BAUT-X-æz-IT-iz-uh-BAUT-Y","Không hẳn là về X mà là về Y…","It's not so much about working harder as it is about working smarter."],["What I'd like to see is","wut-aid-LAIK-tuh-SEE-iz","Điều tôi muốn thấy là…","What I'd like to see is a more collaborative approach to solving this problem."],["To wrap up my thoughts","tuh-RÆPP-UP-mai-THAWTS","Để kết thúc suy nghĩ của tôi…","To wrap up my thoughts, I believe this is a challenge that demands both urgency and nuance."],["Environmental awareness is growing","en-vai-ruh-MEN-tul uh-WAIR-nes iz GROH-ing","Ý thức về môi trường ngày càng tăng","Environmental awareness is growing among younger generations."],["It poses a serious threat to","it POH-zez uh SEER-ee-us thret too","Nó đặt ra mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng đối với","Plastic waste poses a serious threat to marine life."],["Sustainable development is essential","suh-STAY-nuh-bul dih-VEL-up-munt iz ih-SEN-shul","Phát triển bền vững là điều cần thiết","Sustainable development is essential for future generations."],["The root cause of this problem","thuh root kawz uv this PROB-lum","Nguyên nhân gốc rễ của vấn đề này","The root cause of this problem is overconsumption."],["Individuals can play a vital role","in-duh-VIJ-oo-ulz kan play uh VY-tul rohl","Cá nhân có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng","Individuals can play a vital role in reducing carbon emissions."],["Government intervention is necessary","GUV-urn-munt in-tur-VEN-shun iz NES-uh-ser-ee","Sự can thiệp của chính phủ là cần thiết","Government intervention is necessary to tackle climate change."],["We need to strike a balance between","wee need too stryk uh BAL-uns bih-TWEEN","Chúng ta cần tìm sự cân bằng giữa","We need to strike a balance between development and conservation."],["This has far-reaching consequences","this haz far-REE-ching KON-suh-kwens-iz","Điều này có hậu quả sâu rộng","Deforestation has far-reaching consequences for biodiversity."],["Technology has transformed the way we","tek-NOL-uh-jee haz tranz-FORMD thuh way wee","Công nghệ đã thay đổi cách chúng ta","Technology has transformed the way we communicate."],["The rapid pace of technological change","thuh RAP-id pays uv tek-nuh-LOJ-ih-kul chaynj","Tốc độ thay đổi công nghệ nhanh chóng","The rapid pace of technological change can be overwhelming."],["Social media has both advantages and disadvantages","SOH-shul MEE-dee-uh haz bohth ad-VAN-tij-iz and dis-ad-VAN-tij-iz","Mạng xã hội có cả ưu điểm lẫn nhược điểm","Social media has both advantages and disadvantages for teenagers."],["People are increasingly reliant on","PEE-pul ar in-KREES-ing-lee rih-LY-unt on","Mọi người ngày càng phụ thuộc vào","People are increasingly reliant on smartphones in daily life."],["It raises concerns about privacy","it RAY-ziz kun-SURNZ uh-bowt PRY-vuh-see","Nó làm dấy lên lo ngại về quyền riêng tư","Social media raises concerns about privacy and data security."],["The digital divide remains a challenge","thuh DIJ-ih-tul duh-VYD rih-MAYNZ uh CHAL-inj","Khoảng cách số vẫn là một thách thức","The digital divide remains a challenge in developing countries."],["Artificial intelligence is reshaping","ar-tuh-FISH-ul in-TEL-ih-juns iz rih-SHAY-ping","Trí tuệ nhân tạo đang định hình lại","Artificial intelligence is reshaping the job market significantly."],["On the other hand, we should not overlook","on thuh UH-thur hand wee shud not oh-vur-LUK","Mặt khác, chúng ta không nên bỏ qua","On the other hand, we should not overlook the risks involved."],["A healthy lifestyle contributes to","uh HEL-thee LYF-styl kun-TRIB-yoots too","Lối sống lành mạnh góp phần vào","A healthy lifestyle contributes to both physical and mental wellbeing."],["Mental health is just as important as","MEN-tul helth iz just az im-POR-tunt az","Sức khỏe tâm thần quan trọng không kém","Mental health is just as important as physical health."],["There is growing pressure on people to","thair iz GROH-ing PRESH-ur on PEE-pul too","Có áp lực ngày càng tăng buộc mọi người phải","There is growing pressure on people to perform at work."],["Stress has become a widespread issue","stres haz bih-KUM uh WYDE-spred ISH-oo","Căng thẳng đã trở thành vấn đề phổ biến","Stress has become a widespread issue in modern society."],["Diet and exercise play a crucial role","DY-ut and EK-sur-syz play uh KROO-shul rohl","Chế độ ăn uống và tập thể dục đóng vai trò quan trọng","Diet and exercise play a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases."],["Access to healthcare is not equal","AK-ses too HELTH-kair iz not EE-kwul","Khả năng tiếp cận chăm sóc sức khỏe không đồng đều","Access to healthcare is not equal across different income groups."],["Prevention is better than cure","prih-VEN-shun iz BET-ur than kyoor","Phòng bệnh hơn chữa bệnh","Prevention is better than cure when it comes to public health."],["People are becoming more health-conscious","PEE-pul ar bih-KUM-ing mor HELTH-kon-shus","Mọi người đang trở nên có ý thức hơn về sức khỏe","People are becoming more health-conscious in recent years."],["Education is the cornerstone of","ej-yoo-KAY-shun iz thuh KOR-nur-stohn uv","Giáo dục là nền tảng của","Education is the cornerstone of a prosperous society."],["The purpose of education goes beyond","thuh PUR-pus uv ej-yoo-KAY-shun gohz bih-YOND","Mục đích của giáo dục vượt ra ngoài","The purpose of education goes beyond passing exams."],["Critical thinking skills are increasingly valued","KRIT-ih-kul THING-king skilz ar in-KREES-ing-lee VAL-yood","Kỹ năng tư duy phản biện ngày càng được coi trọng","Critical thinking skills are increasingly valued by employers."],["Traditional methods may not be sufficient","truh-DISH-uh-nul METH-udz may not bih suh-FISH-unt","Các phương pháp truyền thống có thể không đủ","Traditional methods may not be sufficient for 21st-century learners."],["Online learning has its pros and cons","ON-lyne LUR-ning haz its prohz and konz","Học trực tuyến có ưu và nhược điểm riêng","Online learning has its pros and cons compared to classroom study."],["Lifelong learning is essential in today's world","LYF-long LUR-ning iz ih-SEN-shul in tuh-DAYZ wurld","Học suốt đời là điều cần thiết trong thế giới ngày nay","Lifelong learning is essential in today's rapidly changing world."],["There is a gap between theory and practice","thair iz uh gap bih-TWEEN THEE-uh-ree and PRAK-tis","Có khoảng cách giữa lý thuyết và thực hành","There is often a gap between theory and practice in education."],["Students should be encouraged to","STOO-dunts shud bih en-KUR-ijd too","Học sinh nên được khuyến khích để","Students should be encouraged to develop independent thinking."],["The job market has become highly competitive","thuh job MAR-kit haz bih-KUM HY-lee kom-PET-uh-tiv","Thị trường việc làm đã trở nên cạnh tranh khốc liệt","The job market has become highly competitive in recent decades."],["Work-life balance is difficult to achieve","wurk-lyf BAL-uns iz DIF-ih-kult too uh-CHEEV","Cân bằng công việc và cuộc sống khó đạt được","Work-life balance is difficult to achieve in demanding careers."],["Remote work is becoming the new norm","rih-MOHT wurk iz bih-KUM-ing thuh noo norm","Làm việc từ xa đang trở thành chuẩn mực mới","Remote work is becoming the new norm in many industries."],["Automation threatens many traditional jobs","aw-tuh-MAY-shun THRET-unz MEN-ee truh-DISH-uh-nul jobz","Tự động hóa đe dọa nhiều việc làm truyền thống","Automation threatens many traditional jobs in manufacturing."],["The gig economy offers flexibility but","thuh gig ih-KON-uh-mee OF-urz flek-suh-BIL-ih-tee but","Kinh tế gig mang lại sự linh hoạt nhưng","The gig economy offers flexibility but lacks job security."],["Income inequality is widening","IN-kum in-ih-KWOL-ih-tee iz WY-duh-ning","Bất bình đẳng thu nhập đang ngày càng gia tăng","Income inequality is widening in many developed countries."],["Entrepreneurs drive innovation and growth","en-truh-pruh-NURZ dryv in-uh-VAY-shun and grohth","Doanh nhân thúc đẩy đổi mới và tăng trưởng","Entrepreneurs drive innovation and growth in the economy."],["Financial literacy is a key life skill","fuh-NAN-shul LIT-ur-uh-see iz uh kee lyf skil","Hiểu biết tài chính là kỹ năng sống quan trọng","Financial literacy is a key life skill that schools should teach."],["Urbanization brings both opportunities and challenges","ur-buh-nih-ZAY-shun bringz bohth op-ur-TYOO-nih-teez and CHAL-inj-iz","Đô thị hóa mang lại cả cơ hội lẫn thách thức","Urbanization brings both opportunities and challenges for residents."],["Traffic congestion is a major problem","TRAF-ik kun-JES-chun iz uh MAY-jur PROB-lum","Tắc nghẽn giao thông là vấn đề lớn","Traffic congestion is a major problem in most large cities."],["Public transport should be prioritized","PUB-lik TRANZ-port shud bih pry-OR-ih-tyzd","Giao thông công cộng cần được ưu tiên","Public transport should be prioritized over private car use."],["The cost of living continues to rise","thuh kost uv LIV-ing kun-TIN-yooz too ryz","Chi phí sinh hoạt tiếp tục tăng","The cost of living continues to rise in major urban centers."],["Community spirit tends to be stronger in","kuh-MYOO-nih-tee SPIR-it tendz too bih STRONG-ur in","Tinh thần cộng đồng thường mạnh hơn ở","Community spirit tends to be stronger in smaller towns."],["Social cohesion is vital for","SOH-shul koh-HEE-zhun iz VY-tul for","Sự gắn kết xã hội rất quan trọng đối với","Social cohesion is vital for a harmonious and stable society."],["Gentrification displaces long-term residents","jen-trih-fih-KAY-shun dis-PLAY-siz long-turm REZ-ih-dunts","Quý tộc hóa đô thị đẩy cư dân lâu năm ra khỏi khu vực","Gentrification displaces long-term residents in historic neighborhoods."],["Cultural diversity enriches society","KUL-chur-ul duh-VUR-sih-tee en-RICH-iz sy-EH-tee","Sự đa dạng văn hóa làm phong phú thêm xã hội","Cultural diversity enriches society and broadens perspectives."],["Globalization has connected the world","gloh-bul-ih-ZAY-shun haz kuh-NEK-tid thuh wurld","Toàn cầu hóa đã kết nối thế giới","Globalization has connected the world in unprecedented ways."],["International cooperation is key to solving","in-tur-NASH-uh-nul koh-op-ur-AY-shun iz kee too SOL-ving","Hợp tác quốc tế là chìa khóa để giải quyết","International cooperation is key to solving global challenges."],["There are multiple perspectives on this issue","thair ar MUL-tih-pul pur-SPEK-tivz on this ISH-oo","Có nhiều quan điểm khác nhau về vấn đề này","There are multiple perspectives on this issue that we should consider."],["Poverty remains one of the greatest challenges","POV-ur-tee rih-MAYNZ wun uv thuh GRAY-tist CHAL-inj-iz","Đói nghèo vẫn là một trong những thách thức lớn nhất","Poverty remains one of the greatest challenges facing humanity."],["Migration is driven by both push and pull factors","my-GRAY-shun iz DRIV-un by bohth push and pul FAK-turz","Di cư được thúc đẩy bởi cả yếu tố đẩy và kéo","Migration is driven by both push and pull factors in origin countries."],["Cultural exchange fosters mutual understanding","KUL-chur-ul eks-CHAYNJ FOS-turz MYOO-choo-ul un-dur-STAN-ding","Giao lưu văn hóa thúc đẩy sự hiểu biết lẫn nhau","Cultural exchange fosters mutual understanding between nations."],["It is a double-edged sword","it iz uh DUB-ul-ejd sword","Đó là con dao hai lưỡi","Social media is a double-edged sword for society."],["This remains a hotly debated topic","this rih-MAYNZ uh HOT-lee dih-BAY-tid TOP-ik","Đây vẫn là chủ đề được tranh luận sôi nổi","Immigration remains a hotly debated topic in many countries."],["To put it another way","too put it uh-NUH-thur way","Nói cách khác","To put it another way, technology is a tool, not a solution."],["It is worth noting that","it iz wurth NOH-ting that","Đáng chú ý là","It is worth noting that not everyone has equal access to education."],["The evidence suggests that","thuh EV-ih-dens suh-JESTS that","Bằng chứng cho thấy rằng","The evidence suggests that early intervention is most effective."],["One cannot deny that","wun KAN-not dih-NY that","Không thể phủ nhận rằng","One cannot deny that technology has improved our quality of life."],["This is a complex issue with no easy answer","this iz uh KOM-pleks ISH-oo with noh EE-zee AN-sur","Đây là vấn đề phức tạp không có câu trả lời dễ dàng","This is a complex issue with no easy answer or quick solution."],["From a broader perspective","frum uh BROH-dur pur-SPEK-tiv","Từ góc độ rộng hơn","From a broader perspective, this affects society as a whole."],["Taking everything into consideration","TAY-king EV-ree-thing IN-too kun-sid-ur-AY-shun","Xem xét tất cả mọi thứ","Taking everything into consideration, I believe the benefits outweigh the costs."],["The long-term implications are","thuh long-turm im-plih-KAY-shunz ar","Hàm ý dài hạn là","The long-term implications of this policy are still unclear."],["This is particularly true in the context of","this iz pur-TIK-yoo-lur-lee troo in thuh KON-tekst uv","Điều này đặc biệt đúng trong bối cảnh của","This is particularly true in the context of rapid urbanization."],["Admittedly, there are drawbacks","ad-MIT-id-lee thair ar DRAW-baks","Phải thừa nhận rằng có những hạn chế","Admittedly, there are drawbacks to any proposed solution."],["It could be argued that","it kud bih AR-gyood that","Có thể lập luận rằng","It could be argued that social pressure influences behavior more than laws."],["The situation is further complicated by","thuh sich-oo-AY-shun iz FUR-thur KOM-plih-kay-tid by","Tình hình càng phức tạp hơn bởi","The situation is further complicated by economic inequality."],["What's more, studies have shown that","wuts mor STUD-eez hav shohn that","Hơn nữa, các nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng","What's more, studies have shown that habits formed in childhood persist."],["On reflection, I would say that","on rih-FLEK-shun I wud say that","Sau khi suy ngẫm, tôi sẽ nói rằng","On reflection, I would say that both views have merit."],["This has led to a significant increase in","this haz led too uh sig-NIH-fih-kunt in-KREES in","Điều này đã dẫn đến sự gia tăng đáng kể về","This has led to a significant increase in urban migration."],["As a direct result of","az uh duh-REKT rih-ZULT uv","Do kết quả trực tiếp của","As a direct result of climate change, extreme weather events are more frequent."],["This gives rise to a number of concerns","this givz ryz too uh NUM-bur uv kun-SURNZ","Điều này làm nảy sinh một số lo ngại","This gives rise to a number of ethical concerns about AI development."],["Consequently, many people find themselves","KON-sih-kwent-lee MEN-ee PEE-pul fynd them-SELVZ","Do đó, nhiều người thấy mình","Consequently, many people find themselves working longer hours than before."],["The knock-on effect of this is","thuh NOK-on ih-FEKT uv this iz","Hiệu ứng dây chuyền của điều này là","The knock-on effect of automation is widespread unemployment in some sectors."],["This stems from a lack of","this stemz frum uh lak uv","Điều này xuất phát từ sự thiếu hụt","This stems from a lack of investment in public infrastructure."],["The underlying cause is","thuh UN-dur-ly-ing kawz iz","Nguyên nhân cơ bản là","The underlying cause is often poverty and lack of education."],["This has a ripple effect on","this haz uh RIP-ul ih-FEKT on","Điều này có hiệu ứng lan tỏa đến","Economic instability has a ripple effect on mental health."],["In contrast to what many believe","in KON-trast too wut MEN-ee bih-LEEV","Trái với những gì nhiều người tin","In contrast to what many believe, rural life has its own advantages."],["While both options have their merits","wyl bohth OP-shunz hav thair MER-its","Mặc dù cả hai lựa chọn đều có ưu điểm","While both options have their merits, I lean towards the second."],["The differences between X and Y are striking","thuh DIF-ur-en-siz bih-TWEEN eks and wy ar STRY-king","Sự khác biệt giữa X và Y rất rõ rệt","The differences between public and private education are striking."],["Similarly, research has found that","SIM-ih-lair-lee rih-SURCH haz fownd that","Tương tự, nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra rằng","Similarly, research has found that exercise improves cognitive function."],["By the same token","by thuh saym TOH-kun","Cũng theo logic đó","By the same token, improving education improves the economy."],["This stands in sharp contrast to","this standz in sharp KON-trast too","Điều này trái ngược hoàn toàn với","This stands in sharp contrast to the situation fifty years ago."],["It is hard to predict with certainty","it iz hard too prih-DIKT with SUR-tun-tee","Thật khó để dự đoán một cách chắc chắn","It is hard to predict with certainty how AI will develop."],["There is every reason to believe that","thair iz EV-ree REE-zun too bih-LEEV that","Có đủ lý do để tin rằng","There is every reason to believe that renewable energy will dominate."],["In the foreseeable future","in thuh for-SEE-uh-bul FYOO-chur","Trong tương lai có thể nhìn thấy được","In the foreseeable future, electric vehicles will replace petrol cars."],["Things are likely to get worse before they get better","thingz ar LYK-lee too get wurs bih-FOR thay get BET-ur","Mọi thứ có thể trở nên tệ hơn trước khi khá hơn","Things are likely to get worse before they get better in this sector."],["The outlook is cautiously optimistic","thuh OWT-luk iz KAW-shus-lee OP-tuh-mis-tik","Triển vọng khả quan một cách thận trọng","The outlook is cautiously optimistic, given recent improvements."],["Unless drastic action is taken","un-LES DRAS-tik AK-shun iz TAY-kun","Trừ khi có hành động quyết liệt","Unless drastic action is taken, the situation will continue to deteriorate."],["A multifaceted approach is required","uh mul-tee-FAS-ih-tid uh-PROHCH iz rih-KWIRD","Cần có cách tiếp cận đa chiều","A multifaceted approach is required to tackle this issue effectively."],["One effective solution would be to","wun ih-FEK-tiv suh-LOO-shun wud bih too","Một giải pháp hiệu quả là","One effective solution would be to invest in renewable energy."],["Raising public awareness is a good starting point","RAY-zing PUB-lik uh-WAIR-nes iz uh gud START-ing poynt","Nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng là điểm khởi đầu tốt","Raising public awareness is a good starting point for behavior change."],["Stricter regulations need to be enforced","STRIK-tur reg-yoo-LAY-shunz need too bih en-FORST","Các quy định chặt chẽ hơn cần được thực thi","Stricter regulations need to be enforced to reduce carbon emissions."],["Education is perhaps the most powerful tool","ej-yoo-KAY-shun iz pur-HAPS thuh mohst POW-ur-ful tool","Giáo dục có lẽ là công cụ mạnh mẽ nhất","Education is perhaps the most powerful tool we have for lasting change."],["There is no one-size-fits-all solution","thair iz noh wun-syz-fits-awl suh-LOO-shun","Không có giải pháp nào phù hợp với tất cả","There is no one-size-fits-all solution to this global problem."],["Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed","bohth top-down and BOT-um-up uh-PROHCH-iz ar NEE-did","Cần cả cách tiếp cận từ trên xuống lẫn từ dưới lên","Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are needed for real change."],["It all boils down to individual choices","it awl boylz down too in-duh-VIJ-oo-ul CHOYS-iz","Tất cả quy về lựa chọn của mỗi cá nhân","Ultimately, it all boils down to individual choices and values."],["The benefits clearly outweigh the drawbacks","thuh BEN-ih-fits KLEER-lee owt-WAY thuh DRAW-baks","Lợi ích rõ ràng lớn hơn hạn chế","In my view, the benefits clearly outweigh the drawbacks."],["This is a matter that deserves serious attention","this iz uh MAT-ur that dih-ZURVZ SEER-ee-us uh-TEN-shun","Đây là vấn đề xứng đáng được chú ý nghiêm túc","This is a matter that deserves serious attention from policymakers."],["In contrast to","in-KON-trast-too · /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː/","Trái ngược với…","In contrast to urban areas, rural communities often lack access to quality education."],["On the other hand","on-thuh-UH-thur-HAND · /ɒn ðə ˈʌðər hænd/","Mặt khác…","On the other hand, remote work offers a better work-life balance."],["While it is true that","wail-it-iz-TROO-that · /waɪl ɪt ɪz truː ðæt/","Mặc dù đúng là…","While it is true that technology saves time, it also creates new risks."],["Compared to","kum-PAIRD-too · /kəmˈpɛrd tuː/","So với…","Compared to a decade ago, people are far more environmentally conscious."],["Unlike","un-LAIK · /ʌnˈlaɪk/","Không giống như…","Unlike previous generations, millennials prioritise experiences over possessions."],["Similarly","SIM-uh-ler-lee · /ˈsɪmɪlərli/","Tương tự…","Similarly, the education sector has seen a dramatic shift toward online learning."],["By the same token","bai-thuh-SAME-TOH-kun · /baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtoʊkən/","Theo cùng logic đó…","By the same token, if we expect others to respect us, we must show respect first."],["The same can be said for","thuh-SAME-kan-bee-SAID-for · /ðə seɪm kæn biː sɛd fɔːr/","Điều tương tự có thể nói về…","The same can be said for healthcare — prevention is better than cure."],["Whereas","WAIR-az · /wɛrˈæz/","Trong khi đó…","Whereas developed nations struggle with obesity, developing countries face malnutrition."],["In a similar vein","in-uh-SIM-uh-ler-VANE · /ɪn ə ˈsɪmɪlər veɪn/","Theo hướng tương tự…","In a similar vein, arts education nurtures creativity just as sports build resilience."],["This stands in stark contrast to","this-STANZ-in-STARK-KON-trast-too · /ðɪs stændz ɪn stɑːrk ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː/","Điều này trái ngược hoàn toàn với…","This stands in stark contrast to the laissez-faire approach of the previous decade."],["Both have their merits","bohth-HAV-thair-MER-its · /boʊθ hæv ðɛr ˈmɛrɪts/","Cả hai đều có điểm mạnh riêng…","Both have their merits, but I believe a blended approach yields the best results."],["The former tends to","thuh-FOR-mer-TENDZ-too · /ðə ˈfɔːrmər tɛndz tuː/","Cái trước có xu hướng…","The former tends to benefit those already in privileged positions."],["The latter is more likely to","thuh-LAT-er-iz-more-LAIK-lee-too · /ðə ˈlætər ɪz mɔːr ˈlaɪkli tuː/","Cái sau có khả năng hơn…","The latter is more likely to create sustainable long-term change."],["To draw a parallel","too-draw-uh-PER-uh-lel · /tuː drɔː ə ˈpærəlɛl/","Để so sánh song song…","To draw a parallel, this situation mirrors the industrial revolution of the 18th century."],["In many respects","in-MEN-ee-rih-SPEKTS · /ɪn ˈmɛni rɪˈspɛkts/","Về nhiều mặt…","In many respects, the challenges we face today echo those of past generations."],["There is a clear distinction between","thair-iz-uh-KLEER-dis-TINK-shun-bih-TWEEN · /ðɛr ɪz ə klɪr dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪˈtwiːn/","Có sự khác biệt rõ ràng giữa…","There is a clear distinction between access to information and the ability to use it wisely."],["At first glance it may seem","at-FURST-GLANS-it-may-SEEM · /æt fɜːrst ɡlæns ɪt meɪ siːm/","Thoạt nhìn có vẻ…","At first glance it may seem counterproductive, but the data tells a different story."],["That said","that-SAID · /ðæt sɛd/","Tuy vậy…","That said, we cannot ignore the economic pressures driving these decisions."],["Nevertheless","nev-er-thuh-LES · /ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs/","Tuy nhiên…","Nevertheless, the government has a responsibility to protect its most vulnerable citizens."],["It is conceivable that","it-iz-kun-SEE-vuh-bul-that · /ɪt ɪz kənˈsiːvəbəl ðæt/","Có thể hình dung rằng…","It is conceivable that artificial intelligence will replace many routine jobs within a decade."],["Were this to happen","wer-THIS-too-HAP-un · /wɜːr ðɪs tuː ˈhæpən/","Nếu điều này xảy ra…","Were this to happen, millions of workers would need to reskill rapidly."],["Supposing that","suh-POHZ-ing-that · /səˈpoʊzɪŋ ðæt/","Giả sử rằng…","Supposing that renewable energy costs drop further, fossil fuels become unviable."],["In an ideal world","in-an-eye-DEEL-wurld · /ɪn ən aɪˈdiːl wɜːrld/","Trong thế giới lý tưởng…","In an ideal world, quality healthcare would be available to everyone regardless of income."],["One could argue that","wun-kud-AR-gyoo-that · /wʌn kʊd ˈɑːrɡjuː ðæt/","Người ta có thể lập luận rằng…","One could argue that stricter laws alone will never solve the problem of corruption."],["It stands to reason that","it-STANZ-too-REE-zun-that · /ɪt stændz tuː ˈriːzən ðæt/","Lý ra thì…","It stands to reason that children who read widely develop stronger language skills."],["If left unchecked","if-LEFT-un-CHEKT · /ɪf lɛft ʌnˈtʃɛkt/","Nếu không được kiểm soát…","If left unchecked, climate change will have catastrophic consequences for coastal cities."],["The logical conclusion is","thuh-LOJ-ih-kul-kun-KLOO-zhun-iz · /ðə ˈlɒdʒɪkəl kənˈkluːʒən ɪz/","Kết luận hợp lý là…","The logical conclusion is that investment in early childhood education pays long-term dividends."],["It is not unreasonable to suggest","it-iz-not-un-REE-zun-uh-bul-too-suh-JEST · /ɪt ɪz nɒt ʌnˈriːzənəbəl tuː səˈdʒɛst/","Không phải vô lý khi gợi ý…","It is not unreasonable to suggest that tax incentives could boost green energy adoption."],["Should this trend continue","shud-THIS-trend-kun-TIN-yoo · /ʃʊd ðɪs trɛnd kənˈtɪnjuː/","Nếu xu hướng này tiếp tục…","Should this trend continue, urban populations will double by 2050."],["In the worst-case scenario","in-thuh-WURST-kase-suh-NAIR-ee-oh · /ɪn ðə wɜːrst keɪs sɪˈnɑːrioʊ/","Trong tình huống xấu nhất…","In the worst-case scenario, water scarcity could trigger widespread conflict."],["It is plausible that","it-iz-PLAW-zuh-bul-that · /ɪt ɪz ˈplɔːzɪbəl ðæt/","Hoàn toàn có thể là…","It is plausible that remote work will become the norm rather than the exception."],["Looking ahead","LUK-ing-uh-HED · /ˈlʊkɪŋ əˈhɛd/","Nhìn về phía trước…","Looking ahead, I believe automation will redefine the nature of work entirely."],["Down the line","down-thuh-LINE · /daʊn ðə laɪn/","Về lâu dài…","Down the line, this could prove to be one of the most consequential decisions of our era."],["The implications are far-reaching","thuh-im-plih-KAY-shunz-ar-FAR-REE-ching · /ðə ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃənz ɑːr ˌfɑːr ˈriːtʃɪŋ/","Những tác động là rất sâu rộng…","The implications are far-reaching and will affect every sector of society."],["To illustrate this point","too-ih-LUS-trayt-THIS-POINT · /tuː ɪˈlʌstreɪt ðɪs pɔɪnt/","Để minh hoạ điểm này…","To illustrate this point, consider how smartphones have transformed the banking sector."],["A case in point is","uh-KASE-in-POINT-iz · /ə keɪs ɪn pɔɪnt ɪz/","Ví dụ điển hình là…","A case in point is Singapore, which has invested heavily in green urban infrastructure."],["Take for instance","TAKE-for-IN-stuns · /teɪk fɔːr ˈɪnstəns/","Lấy ví dụ như…","Take for instance the dramatic rise of electric vehicles in Scandinavia."],["This is evident in","this-iz-EV-ih-dunt-in · /ðɪs ɪz ˈɛvɪdənt ɪn/","Điều này rõ ràng trong…","This is evident in the way social media has reshaped political discourse globally."],["As demonstrated by","az-DEM-un-strayt-id-bai · /æz ˈdɛmənstreɪtɪd baɪ/","Như được chứng minh bởi…","As demonstrated by the success of Finland, prioritising teacher training yields excellent results."],["A notable example is","uh-NOH-tuh-bul-ig-ZAM-pul-iz · /ə ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪɡˈzæmpəl ɪz/","Một ví dụ đáng chú ý là…","A notable example is Japan's ageing population and the strain it places on public services."],["To put it another way","too-PUT-it-uh-NUTH-er-WAY · /tuː pʊt ɪt əˈnʌðər weɪ/","Nói cách khác…","To put it another way, quality matters more than quantity when it comes to education."],["This is borne out by the data","this-iz-BORN-owt-bai-thuh-DAY-tuh · /ðɪs ɪz bɔːrn aʊt baɪ ðə ˈdeɪtə/","Điều này được dữ liệu xác nhận…","This is borne out by the data, which shows a direct link between exercise and mental wellbeing."],["An exception to this rule is","an-ek-SEP-shun-too-THIS-ROOL-iz · /ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən tuː ðɪs ruːl ɪz/","Một ngoại lệ cho quy tắc này là…","An exception to this rule is the Nordic model, where high taxes coexist with high happiness."],["Such as in the case of","such-az-in-thuh-KASE-ov · /sʌtʃ æz ɪn ðə keɪs ɒv/","Như trong trường hợp của…","Such as in the case of e-waste, technological advancement creates its own environmental problems."],["It is alarming that","it-iz-uh-LAR-ming-that · /ɪt ɪz əˈlɑːrmɪŋ ðæt/","Thật đáng lo ngại rằng…","It is alarming that so many young people struggle with mental health in silence."],["Of particular concern is","ov-per-TIK-yuh-ler-kun-SURN-iz · /ɒv pəˈtɪkjʊlər kənˈsɜːrn ɪz/","Điều đặc biệt đáng lo ngại là…","Of particular concern is the widening gap between the rich and the poor."],["What is especially troubling is","wut-iz-ih-SPESH-uh-lee-TRUB-ling-iz · /wɒt ɪz ɪˈspɛʃəli ˈtrʌblɪŋ ɪz/","Điều đặc biệt đáng lo ngại là…","What is especially troubling is the speed at which misinformation spreads online."],["I cannot stress enough how","ai-KAN-not-STRES-ih-NUF-how · /aɪ ˈkænɒt strɛs ɪˈnʌf haʊ/","Tôi không thể nhấn mạnh đủ rằng…","I cannot stress enough how vital early intervention is in addressing addiction."],["The gravity of this situation","thuh-GRAV-ih-tee-ov-THIS-sich-yoo-AY-shun · /ðə ˈɡrævɪti ɒv ðɪs ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/","Mức độ nghiêm trọng của tình huống này…","The gravity of this situation demands immediate and coordinated global action."],["It would be a mistake to overlook","it-wud-bee-uh-mih-STAKE-too-OH-ver-LUK · /ɪt wʊd biː ə mɪˈsteɪk tuː ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/","Sẽ là sai lầm nếu bỏ qua…","It would be a mistake to overlook the psychological impact of long-term unemployment."],["Above all else","uh-BUV-awl-ELS · /əˈbʌv ɔːl ɛls/","Trên hết tất cả…","Above all else, we must ensure that future generations inherit a liveable planet."],["What cannot be denied is","wut-KAN-not-bee-dih-NIED-iz · /wɒt ˈkænɒt biː dɪˈnaɪd ɪz/","Điều không thể phủ nhận là…","What cannot be denied is that access to education fundamentally changes life outcomes."],["The urgency of this matter","thuh-UR-jun-see-ov-THIS-MAT-er · /ðə ˈɜːrdʒənsi ɒv ðɪs ˈmætər/","Sự cấp bách của vấn đề này…","The urgency of this matter cannot be overstated given the pace of climate change."],["It goes without saying that","it-GOHZ-with-OWT-SAY-ing-that · /ɪt ɡoʊz wɪˈðaʊt ˈseɪɪŋ ðæt/","Không cần phải nói rằng…","It goes without saying that a safe and stable home environment is crucial for a child's development."],["There has been a marked increase in","thair-haz-been-uh-MARKT-IN-krees-in · /ðɛr hæz biːn ə mɑːrkt ˈɪŋkriːs ɪn/","Đã có sự gia tăng đáng kể về…","There has been a marked increase in the number of people choosing plant-based diets."],["This trend is set to continue","this-TREND-iz-SET-too-kun-TIN-yoo · /ðɪs trɛnd ɪz sɛt tuː kənˈtɪnjuː/","Xu hướng này được kỳ vọng sẽ tiếp tục…","This trend is set to continue as younger generations become more environmentally aware."],["Over the past decade","OH-ver-thuh-PAST-DEK-aid · /ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd/","Trong thập kỷ qua…","Over the past decade, digital literacy has become as essential as reading and writing."],["There is a growing tendency to","thair-iz-uh-GROH-ing-TEN-den-see-too · /ðɛr ɪz ə ˈɡroʊɪŋ ˈtɛndənsi tuː/","Có xu hướng ngày càng tăng…","There is a growing tendency to seek information online rather than from traditional media."],["The situation has changed dramatically","thuh-sich-yoo-AY-shun-haz-CHAINJD-druh-MAT-ih-klee · /ðə ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən hæz tʃeɪndʒd drəˈmætɪkli/","Tình hình đã thay đổi đáng kể…","The situation has changed dramatically since the pandemic reshaped our daily routines."],["At an unprecedented rate","at-an-un-PRES-ih-den-tid-RATE · /æt ən ʌnˈprɛsɪdɛntɪd reɪt/","Ở tốc độ chưa từng có…","Technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, outpacing our ability to regulate it."],["An upward trend can be observed in","an-UP-werd-TREND-kan-bee-ob-ZURVD-in · /ən ˈʌpwərd trɛnd kæn biː əbˈzɜːrvd ɪn/","Có thể nhận thấy xu hướng tăng lên về…","An upward trend can be observed in the number of freelance workers globally."],["This has led to a significant shift in","this-haz-LED-too-uh-sig-NIH-fih-kunt-SHIFT-in · /ðɪs hæz lɛd tuː ə sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt ʃɪft ɪn/","Điều này đã dẫn đến sự thay đổi đáng kể về…","This has led to a significant shift in how companies approach employee wellbeing."],["The landscape has evolved considerably","thuh-LAND-skape-haz-ih-VOLVD-kun-SID-er-uh-blee · /ðə ˈlændskeɪp hæz ɪˈvɒlvd kənˈsɪdərəbli/","Bức tranh đã thay đổi đáng kể…","The landscape has evolved considerably since the widespread adoption of smartphones."],["Increasingly","in-KREE-sing-lee · /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/","Ngày càng…","Increasingly, employers are prioritising soft skills over technical qualifications."],["There is a noticeable shift toward","thair-iz-uh-NOH-tis-uh-bul-SHIFT-tuh-word · /ðɛr ɪz ə ˈnoʊtɪsəbəl ʃɪft təˈwɔːrd/","Có sự chuyển dịch đáng chú ý về phía…","There is a noticeable shift toward sustainable consumption patterns among younger shoppers."],["This phenomenon is gaining momentum","this-fuh-NOM-ih-non-iz-GAY-ning-muh-MEN-tum · /ðɪs fɪˈnɒmɪnɒn ɪz ˈɡeɪnɪŋ məˈmɛntəm/","Hiện tượng này đang lấy đà…","This phenomenon is gaining momentum as awareness of mental health grows globally."],["A declining trend is evident in","uh-dih-KLINE-ing-TREND-iz-EV-ih-dunt-in · /ə dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ trɛnd ɪz ˈɛvɪdənt ɪn/","Xu hướng giảm rõ ràng ở…","A declining trend is evident in the number of people who identify with traditional religion."],["There has been exponential growth in","thair-haz-been-ek-spuh-NEN-shul-GROHTH-in · /ðɛr hæz biːn ˌɛkspəˈnɛnʃəl ɡroʊθ ɪn/","Đã có sự tăng trưởng theo cấp số nhân về…","There has been exponential growth in the use of artificial intelligence across industries."],["The pace of change has accelerated","thuh-PACE-ov-CHANJE-haz-ak-SEL-er-ayt-id · /ðə peɪs ɒv tʃeɪndʒ hæz əkˈsɛləreɪtɪd/","Tốc độ thay đổi đã tăng nhanh…","The pace of change has accelerated to the point where regulations struggle to keep up."],["I see where you're coming from, but","ai-SEE-wair-yor-KUM-ing-frum-but · /aɪ siː wɛr jɔːr ˈkʌmɪŋ frɒm bʌt/","Tôi hiểu ý bạn, nhưng…","I see where you're coming from, but the evidence doesn't fully support that claim."],["I'd beg to differ","aid-BEG-too-DIH-fer · /aɪd bɛɡ tuː ˈdɪfər/","Tôi xin phép không đồng ý…","I'd beg to differ — lower taxes don't always lead to faster economic growth."],["That's a valid point, though I'd add","thats-uh-VAL-id-POINT-thoh-aid-ADD · /ðæts ə ˈvælɪd pɔɪnt ðoʊ aɪd æd/","Đó là điểm hợp lý, nhưng tôi muốn bổ sung…","That's a valid point, though I'd add that cultural factors play an equally important role."],["I wholeheartedly agree that","ai-HOHL-hart-id-lee-uh-GREE-that · /aɪ ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪdli əˈɡriː ðæt/","Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý rằng…","I wholeheartedly agree that education is the most powerful equaliser in society."],["To a certain extent, I concur","too-uh-SUR-tun-ik-STENT-ai-kun-KUR · /tuː ə ˈsɜːrtən ɪkˈstɛnt aɪ kənˈkɜːr/","Đến một mức độ nhất định, tôi đồng ý…","To a certain extent, I concur, but we must consider the broader economic implications."],["I take a different view","ai-TAKE-uh-DIH-frent-VYOO · /aɪ teɪk ə ˈdɪfrənt vjuː/","Tôi có quan điểm khác…","I take a different view — I believe the individual's responsibility must come first."],["This is a contentious issue, but","this-iz-uh-kun-TEN-shus-ISH-yoo-but · /ðɪs ɪz ə kənˈtɛnʃəs ˈɪʃuː bʌt/","Đây là vấn đề gây tranh cãi, nhưng…","This is a contentious issue, but the evidence overwhelmingly favours stricter regulation."],["Few would dispute that","FYOO-wud-dis-PYOOT-that · /fjuː wʊd dɪˈspjuːt ðæt/","Ít người có thể bác bỏ rằng…","Few would dispute that access to clean water is a fundamental human right."],["Some may argue the opposite","SUM-may-AR-gyoo-thuh-OP-uh-zit · /sʌm meɪ ˈɑːrɡjuː ðə ˈɒpəzɪt/","Một số người có thể lập luận ngược lại…","Some may argue the opposite, yet the data clearly shows a positive correlation."],["It is hard to argue against the idea that","it-iz-HARD-too-AR-gyoo-uh-GENST-thuh-ai-DEE-uh-that · /ɪt ɪz hɑːrd tuː ˈɑːrɡjuː əˈɡɛnst ðə aɪˈdiːə ðæt/","Thật khó để phản đối quan điểm rằng…","It is hard to argue against the idea that community support is vital for individual wellbeing."],["To bring this to a close","too-BRING-this-too-uh-KLOHZ · /tuː brɪŋ ðɪs tuː ə kloʊz/","Để kết lại vấn đề này…","To bring this to a close, I believe a balanced, multi-pronged approach is essential."],["In light of the above","in-LITE-ov-thuh-uh-BUV · /ɪn laɪt ɒv ðə əˈbʌv/","Dưới ánh sáng của những điều trên…","In light of the above, it is clear that immediate action is both necessary and achievable."],["All things considered","awl-THINGZ-kun-SID-erd · /ɔːl θɪŋz kənˈsɪdərd/","Xét tất cả mọi thứ…","All things considered, the positives of globalisation outweigh the negatives."],["Drawing everything together","DRAW-ing-EV-ree-thing-tuh-GETH-er · /ˈdrɔːɪŋ ˈɛvriθɪŋ təˈɡɛðər/","Tổng hợp tất cả lại…","Drawing everything together, it is evident that systemic change is the only lasting solution."],["On balance","on-BAL-uns · /ɒn ˈbæləns/","Nhìn tổng thể…","On balance, I believe the advantages of technology in education far outweigh the risks."],["My concluding thought is","mai-kun-KLOO-ding-THAWT-iz · /maɪ kənˈkluːdɪŋ θɔːt ɪz/","Suy nghĩ kết luận của tôi là…","My concluding thought is that real progress requires political will as much as public awareness."],["It is worth reiterating that","it-iz-WURTH-ree-IT-er-AY-ting-that · /ɪt ɪz wɜːrθ riːˈɪtəreɪtɪŋ ðæt/","Đáng để nhắc lại rằng…","It is worth reiterating that no single solution can address such a complex issue."],["Ultimately, what matters most is","UL-tih-muh-tlee-wut-MAT-erz-MOHST-iz · /ˈʌltɪmətli wɒt ˈmætərz moʊst ɪz/","Cuối cùng, điều quan trọng nhất là…","Ultimately, what matters most is that future policy is informed by evidence, not ideology."],["To sum up my argument","too-SUM-up-mai-AR-gyuh-munt · /tuː sʌm ʌp maɪ ˈɑːrɡjʊmənt/","Để tóm tắt lập luận của tôi…","To sum up my argument, both individual and collective responsibility must be exercised."],["The take-home message is","thuh-TAKE-hohm-MES-ij-iz · /ðə teɪk hoʊm ˈmɛsɪdʒ ɪz/","Thông điệp cốt lõi là…","The take-home message is that sustainable development is not a luxury but a necessity."],["What I mean by that is","wut-ai-MEEN-bai-THAT-iz · /wɒt aɪ miːn baɪ ðæt ɪz/","Ý tôi muốn nói là…","What I mean by that is that economic growth alone cannot guarantee social wellbeing."],["To be more precise","too-bee-more-prih-SISE · /tuː biː mɔːr prɪˈsaɪs/","Để nói chính xác hơn…","To be more precise, I'm referring to the impact on low-income urban communities specifically."],["Let me rephrase that","LET-mee-ree-FRAZE-that · /lɛt miː riːˈfreɪz ðæt/","Để tôi diễn đạt lại…","Let me rephrase that — what I'm suggesting is a gradual, phased transition rather than an abrupt change."],["In other words","in-UH-thur-WORDZ · /ɪn ˈʌðər wɜːrdz/","Nói cách khác…","In other words, access without guidance is not enough to improve digital literacy."],["To clarify my earlier point","too-KLAIR-ih-fai-mai-UR-lee-er-POINT · /tuː ˈklærɪfaɪ maɪ ˈɜːrliər pɔɪnt/","Để làm rõ điểm tôi nêu trước đó…","To clarify my earlier point, I was not suggesting that technology replaces human connection."],["What I'm getting at is","wut-aim-GET-ing-at-iz · /wɒt aɪm ˈɡɛtɪŋ æt ɪz/","Điều tôi muốn nói đến là…","What I'm getting at is that the root cause is systemic, not individual."],["Allow me to elaborate","uh-LOW-mee-too-ih-LAB-uh-rayt · /əˈlaʊ miː tuː ɪˈlæbəreɪt/","Cho phép tôi giải thích thêm…","Allow me to elaborate — there are three distinct dimensions to this challenge."],["That is to say","THAT-iz-too-SAY · /ðæt ɪz tuː seɪ/","Tức là…","That is to say, economic inequality is both a cause and a consequence of poor education."],["If I understand the question correctly","if-ai-un-der-STAND-thuh-KWES-chun-kuh-REKT-lee · /ɪf aɪ ˌʌndərˈstænd ðə ˈkwɛstʃən kəˈrɛktli/","Nếu tôi hiểu câu hỏi đúng…","If I understand the question correctly, you are asking about the long-term social impact."],["To put it more simply","too-PUT-it-more-SIM-plee · /tuː pʊt ɪt mɔːr ˈsɪmpli/","Nói đơn giản hơn…","To put it more simply, the system rewards those who are already privileged."],["I'd like to talk about","aid-LAIK-too-TAWK-uh-bowt · /aɪd laɪk tuː tɔːk əˈbaʊt/","Tôi muốn nói về…","I'd like to talk about a teacher who had a profound impact on my life."],["The person I have in mind is","thuh-PUR-sun-ai-HAV-in-MIND-iz · /ðə ˈpɜːrsən aɪ hæv ɪn maɪnd ɪz/","Người tôi nghĩ đến là…","The person I have in mind is my secondary school history teacher."],["I'm going to describe","aim-GOH-ing-too-dih-SKRIB · /aɪm ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː dɪˈskraɪb/","Tôi sẽ mô tả…","I'm going to describe a memorable journey I took three years ago."],["The experience I'd like to share","thuh-ik-SPEER-ee-uns-aid-LAIK-too-SHAIR · /ðə ɪkˈspɪəriəns aɪd laɪk tuː ʃɛr/","Trải nghiệm tôi muốn chia sẻ…","The experience I'd like to share took place during my first solo trip abroad."],["Off the top of my head","off-thuh-TOP-ov-mai-HED · /ɒf ðə tɒp əv maɪ hɛd/","Ngay lập tức nghĩ đến…","Off the top of my head, the most memorable place I've visited is Kyoto."],["This is something that stands out","THIS-iz-SUM-thing-that-STANZ-OWT · /ðɪs ɪz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðæt stændz aʊt/","Đây là điều nổi bật…","This is something that stands out as one of the best experiences of my life."],["I'd have to say it was","aid-HAV-too-SAY-it-wuz · /aɪd hæv tuː seɪ ɪt wəz/","Tôi phải nói rằng đó là…","I'd have to say it was one of the most challenging things I've ever done."],["What made it special was","wut-MADE-it-SPESH-ul-wuz · /wɒt meɪd ɪt ˈspɛʃəl wəz/","Điều làm nó đặc biệt là…","What made it special was the sense of achievement I felt at the end."],["Looking back on it now","LUK-ing-BAK-on-it-NOW · /ˈlʊkɪŋ bæk ɒn ɪt naʊ/","Nhìn lại bây giờ…","Looking back on it now, I realise how much that experience shaped me."],["It was the kind of thing that","it-wuz-thuh-KAIND-ov-THING-that · /ɪt wəz ðə kaɪnd əv θɪŋ ðæt/","Đó là kiểu trải nghiệm mà…","It was the kind of thing that you only fully appreciate in hindsight."],["I recall it vividly because","ai-rih-KAWL-it-VIV-id-lee-bih-KUZ · /aɪ rɪˈkɔːl ɪt ˈvɪvɪdli bɪˈkɒz/","Tôi nhớ rất rõ vì…","I recall it vividly because it completely changed my perspective."],["That was around the time when","that-wuz-uh-ROWND-thuh-TIME-wen · /ðæt wəz əˈraʊnd ðə taɪm wɛn/","Đó là vào khoảng thời gian khi…","That was around the time when I was preparing for my university entrance exams."],["What struck me most about","wut-STRUK-mee-MOST-uh-bowt · /wɒt strʌk miː moʊst əˈbaʊt/","Điều ấn tượng nhất với tôi về…","What struck me most about her was her ability to make everyone feel valued."],["She has this quality of","shee-HAZ-THIS-KWOL-ih-tee-ov · /ʃiː hæz ðɪs ˈkwɒlɪti əv/","Cô ấy có phẩm chất…","She has this quality of making even difficult topics seem approachable."],["He's the sort of person who","heez-thuh-SORT-ov-PUR-sun-hoo · /hiːz ðə sɔːrt əv ˈpɜːrsən huː/","Anh ấy là kiểu người mà…","He's the sort of person who always knows exactly what to say."],["One thing I've always admired about","wun-THING-aiv-AWL-weez-ad-MIRD-uh-bowt · /wʌn θɪŋ aɪv ˈɔːlweɪz ədˈmaɪərd əˈbaʊt/","Một điều tôi luôn ngưỡng mộ về…","One thing I've always admired about my mentor is his patience."],["I'd describe them as","aid-dih-SKRIB-them-az · /aɪd dɪˈskraɪb ðɛm æz/","Tôi sẽ mô tả họ là…","I'd describe them as genuinely warm and incredibly driven."],["They have a real talent for","thay-HAV-uh-REEL-TAL-unt-for · /ðeɪ hæv ə rɪəl ˈtælənt fɔːr/","Họ có tài năng thực sự về…","They have a real talent for breaking down complex problems simply."],["What I appreciate most about","wut-ai-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-MOST-uh-bowt · /wɒt aɪ əˈpriːʃieɪt moʊst əˈbaʊt/","Điều tôi trân trọng nhất về…","What I appreciate most about her is her honesty, even when it's difficult to hear."],["She genuinely inspired me to","shee-JEN-yoo-in-lee-in-SPIRD-mee-too · /ʃiː ˈdʒɛnjuɪnli ɪnˈspaɪərd miː tuː/","Cô ấy thực sự truyền cảm hứng cho tôi…","She genuinely inspired me to pursue a career in education."],["Without them, I don't think I would have","with-OWT-them-ai-DONT-THINK-ai-wud-HAV · /wɪˈðaʊt ðɛm aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk aɪ wʊd hæv/","Nếu không có họ, tôi không nghĩ tôi đã…","Without him, I don't think I would have had the confidence to apply."],["They had a lasting influence on","thay-HAD-uh-LAS-ting-IN-floo-uns-on · /ðeɪ hæd ə ˈlɑːstɪŋ ˈɪnfluəns ɒn/","Họ có ảnh hưởng lâu dài lên…","They had a lasting influence on how I approach problems at work."],["It all started when","it-AWL-STAR-tid-wen · /ɪt ɔːl ˈstɑːrtɪd wɛn/","Tất cả bắt đầu khi…","It all started when I received an unexpected email about a scholarship."],["The moment I arrived","thuh-MOH-munt-ai-uh-RIVD · /ðə ˈmoʊmənt aɪ əˈraɪvd/","Ngay khoảnh khắc tôi đến…","The moment I arrived, I knew it was going to be something special."],["At first I was quite nervous","at-FURST-ai-wuz-KWIET-NUR-vus · /æt fɜːrst aɪ wəz kwaɪt ˈnɜːrvəs/","Lúc đầu tôi khá hồi hộp…","At first I was quite nervous, but the atmosphere quickly put me at ease."],["As the day went on","az-thuh-DAY-WENT-on · /æz ðə deɪ wɛnt ɒn/","Khi ngày trôi qua…","As the day went on, I became more confident and started to enjoy myself."],["I'll never forget the moment","ail-NEV-er-for-GET-thuh-MOH-munt · /aɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈɡɛt ðə ˈmoʊmənt/","Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên khoảnh khắc…","I'll never forget the moment when I crossed the finish line."],["The whole thing was over in","thuh-HOHL-THING-wuz-OH-ver-in · /ðə hoʊl θɪŋ wəz ˈoʊvər ɪn/","Toàn bộ sự việc kết thúc trong…","The whole thing was over in a matter of hours, but the impact lasted years."],["I came away feeling","ai-CAME-uh-WAY-FEEL-ing · /aɪ keɪm əˈweɪ ˈfiːlɪŋ/","Tôi ra về với cảm giác…","I came away feeling incredibly motivated and ready for the next challenge."],["It turned out to be","it-TURND-OWT-too-bee · /ɪt tɜːrnd aʊt tuː biː/","Hoá ra đó là…","It turned out to be one of the most rewarding experiences of my life."],["The thing that surprised me most was","thuh-THING-that-sur-PRIZD-mee-MOST-wuz · /ðə θɪŋ ðæt səˈpraɪzd miː moʊst wəz/","Điều làm tôi ngạc nhiên nhất là…","The thing that surprised me most was how welcoming everyone was."],["By the end of it","bai-thuh-END-ov-IT · /baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ɪt/","Đến cuối cùng…","By the end of it, I had made friends I still keep in touch with today."],["This is a rather complex issue","THIS-iz-uh-RAH-ther-KOM-pleks-ISH-yoo · /ðɪs ɪz ə ˈrɑːðər ˈkɒmplɛks ˈɪʃuː/","Đây là một vấn đề khá phức tạp…","This is a rather complex issue that depends heavily on cultural context."],["There are multiple factors at play","thair-ar-MUL-tih-pul-FAK-terz-at-PLAY · /ðɛr ɑːr ˈmʌltɪpəl ˈfæktərz æt pleɪ/","Có nhiều yếu tố đang ảnh hưởng…","There are multiple factors at play here, not just economic ones."],["Society as a whole tends to","suh-SI-uh-tee-az-uh-HOHL-TENDZ-too · /səˈsaɪɪti æz ə hoʊl tɛndz tuː/","Xã hội nói chung có xu hướng…","Society as a whole tends to undervalue the contribution of caregivers."],["From a broader perspective","frum-uh-BRAW-der-per-SPEK-tiv · /frɒm ə ˈbrɔːdər pərˈspɛktɪv/","Từ góc nhìn rộng hơn…","From a broader perspective, this is really about how we define success."],["I think it's a question of","ai-THINK-its-uh-KWES-chun-ov · /aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə ˈkwɛstʃən əv/","Tôi nghĩ đây là vấn đề về…","I think it's a question of priorities — what does a society truly value?"],["The root cause of this is","thuh-ROOT-KAWZ-ov-THIS-iz · /ðə ruːt kɔːz əv ðɪs ɪz/","Nguyên nhân gốc rễ của điều này là…","The root cause of this is arguably a lack of investment in early education."],["This varies enormously from","THIS-VAIR-eez-ih-NOR-mus-lee-frum · /ðɪs ˈvɛriz ɪˈnɔːrməsli frɒm/","Điều này khác nhau rất lớn tuỳ…","This varies enormously from country to country depending on cultural norms."],["The long-term consequences could be","thuh-LONG-TERM-KON-sih-kwun-siz-kud-bee · /ðə lɒŋ tɜːrm ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz kʊd biː/","Hậu quả lâu dài có thể là…","The long-term consequences could be quite serious if nothing is done."],["What worries me is that","wut-WUR-eez-mee-iz-THAT · /wɒt ˈwʌriz miː ɪz ðæt/","Điều khiến tôi lo ngại là…","What worries me is that younger generations are losing touch with real-world skills."],["The ideal solution would involve","thuh-ai-DEEL-suh-LOO-shun-wud-in-VOLV · /ðə aɪˈdiːl səˈluːʃən wʊd ɪnˈvɒlv/","Giải pháp lý tưởng sẽ bao gồm…","The ideal solution would involve collaboration between government and the private sector."],["Personally, I feel quite strongly that","PUR-sun-uh-lee-ai-FEEL-KWIET-STRONG-lee-that · /ˈpɜːrsənəli aɪ fiːl kwaɪt ˈstrɒŋli ðæt/","Cá nhân tôi cảm thấy khá mạnh mẽ rằng…","Personally, I feel quite strongly that education should always be free."],["That's not something that can be solved overnight","thats-not-SUM-thing-that-kan-bee-SOLVD-OH-ver-nit · /ðæts nɒt ˈsʌmθɪŋ ðæt kæn biː sɒlvd ˈoʊvərnaɪt/","Đó không phải là thứ có thể giải quyết chỉ sau một đêm…","That's not something that can be solved overnight — it requires sustained effort."],["To a large degree","too-uh-LARJ-dih-GREE · /tuː ə lɑːrdʒ dɪˈɡriː/","Ở mức độ lớn…","To a large degree, individual behaviour is shaped by societal expectations."],["It depends on how you define","it-dih-PENDZ-on-HOW-yoo-dih-FINE · /ɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɒn haʊ juː dɪˈfaɪn/","Tuỳ thuộc vào cách bạn định nghĩa…","It depends on how you define success — money or meaning?"],["There's no easy answer to this","thairz-NOH-EE-zee-AN-ser-too-THIS · /ðɛrz noʊ ˈiːzi ˈænsər tuː ðɪs/","Không có câu trả lời dễ dàng cho điều này…","There's no easy answer to this, but I'd lean toward stricter regulation."],["The evidence suggests that","thuh-EV-ih-duns-suh-JESTS-that · /ðə ˈɛvɪdəns səˈdʒɛsts ðæt/","Bằng chứng cho thấy rằng…","The evidence suggests that early intervention has the greatest impact."],["This is really a symptom of","THIS-iz-REEL-ee-uh-SIMP-tum-ov · /ðɪs ɪz ˈrɪəli ə ˈsɪmptəm əv/","Đây thực sự là triệu chứng của…","This is really a symptom of a deeper social inequality."],["I'd push back on that a little","aid-PUSH-BAK-on-THAT-uh-LIT-ul · /aɪd pʊʃ bæk ɒn ðæt ə ˈlɪtəl/","Tôi sẽ phản biện nhẹ điều đó…","I'd push back on that a little — correlation doesn't always imply causation."],["At its core, this is about","at-its-KOR-THIS-iz-uh-BOWT · /æt ɪts kɔːr ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt/","Về bản chất, đây là về…","At its core, this is about trust — between citizens and institutions."],["I'd argue that the benefits outweigh","aid-AR-gyoo-that-thuh-BEN-ih-fits-OWT-way · /aɪd ˈɑːrɡjuː ðæt ðə ˈbɛnɪfɪts ˈaʊtweɪ/","Tôi lập luận rằng lợi ích vượt trội hơn…","I'd argue that the benefits outweigh the risks, especially for developing nations."],["That's an interesting question because","thats-an-IN-ter-es-ting-KWES-chun-bih-KUZ · /ðæts ən ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ ˈkwɛstʃən bɪˈkɒz/","Đó là câu hỏi thú vị vì…","That's an interesting question because it touches on something I feel quite strongly about."],["I haven't really thought about it that way","ai-HAV-unt-REEL-ee-THAWT-uh-bowt-it-THAT-way · /aɪ ˈhævənt ˈrɪəli θɔːt əˈbaʊt ɪt ðæt weɪ/","Tôi chưa thực sự nghĩ theo cách đó…","I haven't really thought about it that way, but now that you mention it…"],["If I'm being completely honest","if-aim-BEE-ing-kum-PLEET-lee-ON-ist · /ɪf aɪm ˈbiːɪŋ kəmˈpliːtli ˈɒnɪst/","Nếu tôi hoàn toàn thành thật…","If I'm being completely honest, I don't think there's a perfect solution."],["It's hard to generalise, but","its-HARD-too-JEN-er-uh-liz-but · /ɪts hɑːrd tuː ˈdʒɛnərəlaɪz bʌt/","Khó mà khái quát hoá, nhưng…","It's hard to generalise, but in my experience most people want to do the right thing."],["What I mean is","wut-ai-MEEN-iz · /wɒt aɪ miːn ɪz/","Ý tôi là…","What I mean is that access alone isn't enough — quality matters too."],["To put it bluntly","too-PUT-it-BLUNT-lee · /tuː pʊt ɪt ˈblʌntli/","Nói thẳng ra…","To put it bluntly, the system is broken and needs a complete overhaul."],["I'm not sure I fully agree with that","aim-not-SHOOR-ai-FUL-ee-uh-GREE-with-THAT · /aɪm nɒt ʃʊr aɪ ˈfʊli əˈɡriː wɪð ðæt/","Tôi không chắc tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với điều đó…","I'm not sure I fully agree with that — there are too many variables involved."],["That really depends on the context","that-REEL-ee-dih-PENDZ-on-thuh-KON-tekst · /ðæt ˈrɪəli dɪˈpɛndz ɒn ðə ˈkɒntɛkst/","Điều đó thực sự phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh…","That really depends on the context — what works in one country may not work in another."],["Speaking from personal experience","SPEE-king-frum-PUR-sun-ul-ik-SPEER-ee-uns · /ˈspiːkɪŋ frɒm ˈpɜːrsənəl ɪkˈspɪəriəns/","Nói từ kinh nghiệm cá nhân…","Speaking from personal experience, I think mentorship is incredibly underrated."],["It's a double-edged sword","its-uh-DUB-ul-EJD-SWORD · /ɪts ə ˌdʌbəl ɛdʒd sɔːrd/","Đó là con dao hai lưỡi…","Technology is a double-edged sword — it connects us but also isolates us."],["What I remember most vividly","wut-ai-rih-MEM-ber-MOST-VIV-id-lee · /wɒt aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər moʊst ˈvɪvɪdli/","Điều tôi nhớ rõ nhất…","What I remember most vividly is the smell of the ocean when we first arrived."],["The atmosphere was unlike anything","thuh-AT-mus-feer-wuz-un-LAIK-EN-ee-thing · /ðə ˈætməsfɪər wəz ʌnˈlaɪk ˈɛniθɪŋ/","Bầu không khí hoàn toàn khác với bất cứ thứ gì…","The atmosphere was unlike anything I had ever experienced before."],["It had this wonderful sense of","it-HAD-THIS-WUN-der-ful-SENS-ov · /ɪt hæd ðɪs ˈwʌndərfəl sɛns əv/","Nơi đó có cảm giác tuyệt vời về…","It had this wonderful sense of calm that I rarely find in cities."],["The place left a deep impression on me","thuh-PLACE-LEFT-uh-DEEP-im-PRESH-un-on-mee · /ðə pleɪs lɛft ə diːp ɪmˈprɛʃən ɒn miː/","Nơi đó để lại ấn tượng sâu sắc với tôi…","The place left a deep impression on me — I still think about it often."],["I was immediately struck by","ai-wuz-ih-MEE-dee-ut-lee-STRUK-bai · /aɪ wəz ɪˈmiːdiətli strʌk baɪ/","Tôi ngay lập tức bị ấn tượng bởi…","I was immediately struck by the sheer scale of the mountains."],["It was the kind of place where","it-wuz-thuh-KAIND-ov-PLACE-wair · /ɪt wəz ðə kaɪnd əv pleɪs wɛr/","Đó là kiểu nơi mà…","It was the kind of place where time seemed to slow down completely."],["I could have spent days just","ai-KUD-HAV-SPENT-DAYZ-JUST · /aɪ kʊd hæv spɛnt deɪz dʒʌst/","Tôi có thể dành nhiều ngày chỉ để…","I could have spent days just wandering through the streets."],["If I ever get the chance","if-ai-EV-er-GET-thuh-CHANS · /ɪf aɪ ˈɛvər ɡɛt ðə tʃɑːns/","Nếu tôi có cơ hội…","If I ever get the chance to go back, I absolutely will."]]
[["Let's get started","lets-GET-STAR-tid","Hãy bắt đầu nào…","Let's get started — we have a lot to cover today."],["Thank you all for joining","THÆNK-yoo-AWL-for-JOY-ning","Cảm ơn tất cả đã tham gia…","Thank you all for joining — I know everyone's schedules are packed."],["I'd like to kick things off by","aid-LAIK-tuh-KIK-THINGZ-OFF-bai","Tôi muốn bắt đầu bằng cách…","I'd like to kick things off by reviewing last week's action items."],["The purpose of today's meeting is","thuh-PER-pus-ov-tuh-DAYZ-MEE-ting-iz","Mục đích của cuộc họp hôm nay là…","The purpose of today's meeting is to align on our Q3 priorities."],["We're here to discuss","wer-HEER-tuh-dis-KUS","Chúng ta ở đây để thảo luận về…","We're here to discuss the new product launch timeline."],["I'd like to run through the agenda","aid-LAIK-tuh-RUN-throo-thee-uh-JEN-duh","Tôi muốn xem qua chương trình nghị sự…","I'd like to run through the agenda before we dive in."],["Let's make sure we stay on track","lets-MAYK-SHOR-wee-STAY-ON-TRÆK","Hãy đảm bảo chúng ta đi đúng hướng…","Let's make sure we stay on track and wrap up by noon."],["Feel free to jump in at any point","FEEL-FREE-tuh-JUMP-IN-æt-EH-nee-POINT","Cứ tự nhiên nhảy vào bất kỳ lúc nào…","Feel free to jump in at any point — I want this to be a conversation."],["I'd like to walk you through","aid-LAIK-tuh-WAWK-yoo-THROO","Tôi muốn dẫn bạn qua…","I'd like to walk you through our findings from last quarter."],["Let me take you through","let-mee-TAYK-yoo-THROO","Để tôi dẫn bạn qua…","Let me take you through the key data points one by one."],["I want to highlight","ai-WONT-tuh-HAI-lait","Tôi muốn nhấn mạnh…","I want to highlight three areas where we saw significant improvement."],["The key takeaway here is","thuh-KEY-TAYK-uh-way-HEER-iz","Điểm cốt lõi ở đây là…","The key takeaway here is that customer retention has improved by 20%."],["What this tells us is","wut-THIS-TELZ-us-iz","Điều này cho chúng ta biết là…","What this tells us is that our current strategy needs some adjustment."],["Based on the data","BAYST-ON-thuh-DAY-tuh","Dựa trên dữ liệu…","Based on the data, I'd recommend shifting our focus to mobile users."],["To put this into perspective","tuh-PUT-THIS-IN-tuh-per-SPEK-tiv","Để đặt điều này vào bối cảnh…","To put this into perspective, our growth rate is triple the industry average."],["What I'm proposing is","wut-aim-pruh-POH-zing-iz","Điều tôi đề xuất là…","What I'm proposing is a phased rollout over the next six months."],["The rationale behind this is","thuh-RÆSH-uh-nul-bi-HAIND-THIS-iz","Lý do đằng sau điều này là…","The rationale behind this is to reduce risk while maximising reach."],["I'd recommend that we","aid-REK-uh-mend-thæt-WEE","Tôi khuyến nghị rằng chúng ta…","I'd recommend that we revisit this decision after the pilot phase."],["Moving on to the next point","MOOV-ing-ON-tuh-thuh-NEKST-POINT","Chuyển sang điểm tiếp theo…","Moving on to the next point — let's look at the competitive landscape."],["To summarise what we've covered so far","tuh-SUM-uh-raiz-wut-weev-KUV-erd-SOH-FAR","Để tóm tắt những gì chúng ta đã đề cập cho đến nay…","To summarise what we've covered so far, we've agreed on three action items."],["Let me bring your attention to","let-mee-BRING-yor-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","Để tôi thu hút sự chú ý của bạn đến…","Let me bring your attention to the chart on the right."],["As you can see from this slide","æz-yoo-kun-SEE-frum-THIS-SLAID","Như bạn có thể thấy từ slide này…","As you can see from this slide, the trend is clearly upward."],["I'll hand over to","ail-HÆND-OH-ver-tuh","Tôi sẽ chuyển sang cho…","I'll hand over to Sarah who will cover the financial projections."],["Before I move on","bi-FOR-ai-MOOV-ON","Trước khi tôi tiếp tục…","Before I move on, are there any questions on what we've discussed?"],["To wrap up this section","tuh-RÆPP-UP-THIS-SEK-shun","Để kết thúc phần này…","To wrap up this section, I want to emphasise the importance of speed."],["I'd love to get your thoughts on","aid-LUV-tuh-GET-yor-THAWTS-ON","Tôi muốn nghe suy nghĩ của bạn về…","I'd love to get your thoughts on the proposed timeline."],["Does anyone have any concerns about","DUZ-EH-nee-wun-HÆV-EH-nee-kun-SERNZ-uh-BAUT","Có ai có bất kỳ lo ngại gì về…","Does anyone have any concerns about the current direction we're taking?"],["What's your take on this","wuts-yor-TAYK-ON-THIS","Quan điểm của bạn về điều này là gì…","What's your take on this — do you think the budget is realistic?"],["I'd be interested to hear","aid-BEE-in-TRES-tid-tuh-HEER","Tôi muốn nghe…","I'd be interested to hear how the team feels about this proposal."],["Is everyone on the same page","iz-EV-ree-wun-ON-thuh-SAYM-PAYJ","Mọi người có cùng hiểu biết chưa…","Is everyone on the same page before we move forward?"],["Can I get a quick show of hands","kun-ai-GET-uh-KWIK-SHOH-ov-HÆNDZ","Tôi có thể nhờ mọi người giơ tay nhanh…","Can I get a quick show of hands — who thinks we should proceed?"],["I'd like to open it up for discussion","aid-LAIK-tuh-OH-pun-IT-UP-for-dis-KUH-shun","Tôi muốn mở ra cho thảo luận…","I'd like to open it up for discussion — what does everyone think?"],["Could you elaborate on that point","kud-yoo-ih-LÆB-uh-rayt-ON-thæt-POINT","Bạn có thể giải thích thêm về điểm đó không…","Could you elaborate on that point? I'd like to understand it better."],["That raises a good point","thæt-RAYZ-iz-uh-GUD-POINT","Điều đó đặt ra một điểm hay…","That raises a good point — let's add it to the parking lot for now."],["I completely agree with","ai-kum-PLEET-lee-uh-GREE-WITH","Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với…","I completely agree with the direction you're proposing."],["That aligns with","thæt-uh-LAINEZ-WITH","Điều đó phù hợp với…","That aligns with what we've been seeing in our customer feedback."],["Building on what you said","BIL-ding-ON-wut-yoo-SED","Xây dựng thêm vào những gì bạn đã nói…","Building on what you said, I think we could also look at the supplier side."],["To add to that","tuh-ÆD-tuh-thæt","Để thêm vào điều đó…","To add to that, I think the timing couldn't be better."],["I'd like to echo that sentiment","aid-LAIK-tuh-EK-oh-thæt-SEN-tih-ment","Tôi muốn đồng ý với quan điểm đó…","I'd like to echo that sentiment — collaboration is key here."],["You make a strong case for","yoo-MAYK-uh-STRONG-KAYS-for","Bạn đưa ra lập luận mạnh mẽ cho…","You make a strong case for accelerating the timeline."],["I see where you're coming from but","ai-SEE-wer-yor-KUM-ing-frum-but","Tôi hiểu ý bạn nhưng…","I see where you're coming from, but I'm not sure the data supports that."],["With respect, I think","WITH-ri-SPEKT-ai-THINK","Với sự tôn trọng, tôi nghĩ…","With respect, I think we need to consider the risk more carefully."],["I'd push back on that slightly","aid-PUSH-BÆK-ON-thæt-SLAIT-lee","Tôi sẽ phản biện điều đó một chút…","I'd push back on that slightly — the numbers tell a different story."],["That's a fair point, however","thæts-uh-FER-POINT-hau-EV-er","Đó là điểm công bằng, tuy nhiên…","That's a fair point, however the implementation cost may be prohibitive."],["I'd like to offer an alternative view","aid-LAIK-tuh-OF-er-un-AWL-ter-nuh-tiv-VYOO","Tôi muốn đưa ra quan điểm thay thế…","I'd like to offer an alternative view on this particular issue."],["I'm not entirely convinced that","aim-not-en-TAIR-lee-kun-VINST-thæt","Tôi không hoàn toàn bị thuyết phục rằng…","I'm not entirely convinced that this approach is scalable long-term."],["Can we pressure-test that assumption","kun-wee-PRESH-er-TEST-thæt-uh-SUMP-shun","Chúng ta có thể kiểm tra giả định đó không…","Can we pressure-test that assumption before committing to the plan?"],["I hear you, but my concern is","ai-HEER-yoo-but-mai-kun-SERN-iz","Tôi hiểu bạn, nhưng mối lo của tôi là…","I hear you, but my concern is the timeline is too aggressive."],["Let's assign ownership","lets-uh-SAIN-OH-ner-ship","Hãy phân công người phụ trách…","Let's assign ownership for each item before we close."],["Who's going to take the lead on","hooz-GOH-ing-tuh-TAYK-thuh-LEED-ON","Ai sẽ dẫn đầu về…","Who's going to take the lead on the customer research piece?"],["Can we put a deadline on that","kun-wee-PUT-uh-DED-lain-ON-thæt","Chúng ta có thể đặt hạn chót cho điều đó không…","Can we put a deadline on that so everyone's aligned?"],["Let's circle back on this","lets-SER-kul-BÆK-ON-THIS","Hãy quay lại điều này sau…","Let's circle back on this in our next check-in."],["I'll follow up with you on","ail-FOL-oh-UP-WITH-yoo-ON","Tôi sẽ theo dõi với bạn về…","I'll follow up with you on the budget figures by end of day."],["Let me take that offline","let-mee-TAYK-thæt-OFF-lain","Để tôi xử lý điều đó riêng…","Let me take that offline and send you a more detailed breakdown."],["I'll loop you in","ail-LOOP-yoo-IN","Tôi sẽ cho bạn tham gia…","I'll loop you in once we have a clearer picture of the scope."],["Let's make sure we have clear next steps","lets-MAYK-SHOR-wee-HÆV-KLEER-NEKST-STEPS","Hãy đảm bảo chúng ta có các bước tiếp theo rõ ràng…","Let's make sure we have clear next steps before we wrap up."],["To recap what we've agreed on","tuh-ree-KÆP-wut-weev-uh-GREED-ON","Để tóm tắt những gì chúng ta đã đồng ý…","To recap what we've agreed on: three action items, due by Friday."],["I'll send out the minutes","ail-SEND-AUT-thuh-MIN-its","Tôi sẽ gửi biên bản cuộc họp…","I'll send out the minutes and the action items within the hour."],["Let's wrap it up there","lets-RÆPP-IT-UP-ther","Hãy kết thúc ở đó…","Let's wrap it up there — we've covered everything on the agenda."],["Thank you for your time and input","THÆNK-yoo-for-yor-TAIM-un-IN-put","Cảm ơn vì thời gian và đóng góp của bạn…","Thank you for your time and input — this was a really productive session."],["I'll be in touch","ail-BEE-in-TUCH","Tôi sẽ liên lạc…","I'll be in touch as soon as we have an update."],["Let's reconvene","lets-ree-kun-VEEN","Hãy họp lại…","Let's reconvene next Thursday to check on progress."],["I hope this email finds you well","ai-HOHP-THIS-EE-mayl-FAINDZ-yoo-WEL","Tôi hy vọng email này tìm thấy bạn khỏe mạnh…","I hope this email finds you well and that you've had a great week."],["I'm reaching out regarding","aim-REECH-ing-AUT-ri-GAR-ding","Tôi liên hệ về…","I'm reaching out regarding the proposal we discussed last Tuesday."],["I wanted to touch base about","ai-WON-tid-tuh-TUCH-BAYS-uh-BAUT","Tôi muốn liên lạc về…","I wanted to touch base about the upcoming deadline for the contract."],["Thank you for getting back to me","THÆNK-yoo-for-GET-ing-BÆK-tuh-MEE","Cảm ơn vì đã phản hồi tôi…","Thank you for getting back to me so promptly."],["Further to our conversation","FER-ther-tuh-AUR-kon-ver-SAY-shun","Tiếp theo cuộc trò chuyện của chúng ta…","Further to our conversation yesterday, I've attached the revised proposal."],["Following up on my previous email","FOL-oh-ing-UP-ON-mai-PREE-vee-us-EE-mayl","Tiếp theo email trước của tôi…","Following up on my previous email regarding the project timeline."],["As discussed","æz-dis-KUST","Như đã thảo luận…","As discussed, please find the updated figures attached."],["I wanted to bring to your attention","ai-WON-tid-tuh-BRING-tuh-yor-uh-TEN-shun","Tôi muốn thu hút sự chú ý của bạn…","I wanted to bring to your attention a few changes to the schedule."],["Could you please","kud-yoo-PLEEZ","Bạn có thể vui lòng…","Could you please review the attached document and share your feedback?"],["I'd appreciate it if you could","aid-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-IT-IF-yoo-kud","Tôi sẽ trân trọng nếu bạn có thể…","I'd appreciate it if you could confirm your availability by Thursday."],["Would it be possible to","wud-IT-BEE-POS-ih-bul-tuh","Có thể nào…","Would it be possible to push the deadline by one week?"],["I was wondering if you could","ai-wuz-WUN-der-ing-IF-yoo-kud","Tôi tự hỏi liệu bạn có thể…","I was wondering if you could take a look at the attached report."],["Please don't hesitate to reach out","PLEEZ-DOHNT-HEZ-ih-tayt-tuh-REECH-AUT","Xin đừng ngần ngại liên hệ…","Please don't hesitate to reach out if you have any questions."],["I look forward to hearing from you","ai-LUK-FOR-werd-tuh-HEER-ing-frum-yoo","Tôi mong nhận được hồi âm từ bạn…","I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience."],["Please find attached","PLEEZ-FAIND-uh-TÆCHT","Vui lòng xem đính kèm…","Please find attached the quarterly report for your review."],["I'd be happy to arrange a call","aid-BEE-HÆP-ee-tuh-uh-RAYNJ-uh-KAWL","Tôi sẽ vui lòng sắp xếp một cuộc gọi…","I'd be happy to arrange a call to walk you through the details."],["Looking forward to your response","LUK-ing-FOR-werd-tuh-yor-ri-SPONTS","Mong đợi phản hồi của bạn…","Looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience."],["Kind regards","KAIND-ri-GARDZ","Trân trọng…","Kind regards, and I hope we can connect soon."],["Please let me know if you need anything else","PLEEZ-let-mee-NOH-IF-yoo-NEED-EH-nee-thing-ELS","Vui lòng cho tôi biết nếu bạn cần gì khác…","Please let me know if you need anything else from my side."],["I'll get back to you shortly","ail-GET-BÆK-tuh-yoo-SHORT-lee","Tôi sẽ phản hồi bạn sớm…","I'll get back to you shortly once I've reviewed the documents."],["Let's find a middle ground","lets-FAIND-uh-MID-ul-GRAUND","Hãy tìm điểm trung gian…","Let's find a middle ground that works for both parties."],["What would it take to","wut-wud-IT-TAYK-tuh","Cần gì để…","What would it take to get this deal across the line by Friday?"],["I think we can work with that","ai-THINK-wee-kun-WERK-WITH-thæt","Tôi nghĩ chúng ta có thể làm việc với điều đó…","I think we can work with that — let me run it by my team."],["We're flexible on","wer-FLEK-sih-bul-ON","Chúng tôi linh hoạt về…","We're flexible on the delivery date if the terms are right."],["That's not something we can move on","thæts-NOT-SUM-thing-wee-kun-MOOV-ON","Đó là điều chúng tôi không thể thay đổi…","That's not something we can move on, I'm afraid."],["I'm willing to meet you halfway","aim-WIL-ing-tuh-MEET-yoo-HÆFF-way","Tôi sẵn sàng nhượng bộ một nửa…","I'm willing to meet you halfway on the pricing if you can commit to volume."],["Let me take that back to my team","let-mee-TAYK-thæt-BÆK-tuh-mai-TEEM","Để tôi đưa điều đó về cho team tôi…","Let me take that back to my team and come back with a firm answer."],["Can we get that in writing","kun-wee-GET-thæt-in-RAI-ting","Chúng ta có thể có điều đó bằng văn bản không…","Can we get that in writing before we proceed?"],["I appreciate the effort you put into","ai-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-thee-EF-ert-yoo-PUT-IN-tuh","Tôi trân trọng nỗ lực bạn đã bỏ ra cho…","I appreciate the effort you put into this — it's a solid first draft."],["One thing I'd suggest is","WUN-thing-aid-suh-JEST-iz","Một điều tôi sẽ gợi ý là…","One thing I'd suggest is leading with the key insight up front."],["The area that needs the most work is","thee-ER-ee-uh-thæt-NEEDZ-thuh-MOAST-WERK-iz","Lĩnh vực cần cải thiện nhiều nhất là…","The area that needs the most work is the executive summary section."],["This is really strong — just one thought","THIS-iz-REE-lee-STRONG-JUST-WUN-THAWT","Điều này thực sự mạnh — chỉ một suy nghĩ…","This is really strong — just one thought on the structure."],["Have you considered","hæv-yoo-kun-SID-erd","Bạn đã xem xét…","Have you considered approaching it from the user's perspective instead?"],["I'd love your feedback on","aid-LUV-yor-FEED-bæk-ON","Tôi muốn nhận phản hồi của bạn về…","I'd love your feedback on the new landing page design."],["What are your initial thoughts on","wut-ar-yor-ih-NISH-ul-THAWTS-ON","Suy nghĩ ban đầu của bạn về…","What are your initial thoughts on the prototype we shared yesterday?"],["Don't hold back — I want the honest version","DOHNT-HOHLD-BÆK-ai-WONT-thee-AH-nest-VER-shun","Đừng ngại nói — tôi muốn phiên bản thật…","Don't hold back — I want the honest version, not the polished one."],["Let's get to the root of the issue","lets-GET-tuh-thuh-ROOT-ov-thee-ISH-oo","Hãy đến gốc rễ của vấn đề…","Let's get to the root of the issue before we start proposing solutions."],["What's causing the bottleneck","wuts-KAW-zing-thuh-BOT-ul-nek","Điều gì đang gây ra nút thắt…","What's causing the bottleneck at this stage of the process?"],["How can we work around this","hau-kun-wee-WERK-uh-RAUND-THIS","Chúng ta có thể giải quyết điều này như thế nào…","How can we work around this without delaying the whole project?"],["Let's think about this differently","lets-THINK-uh-BAUT-THIS-DIF-er-ent-lee","Hãy nghĩ về điều này theo cách khác…","Let's think about this differently — what if we flip the approach?"],["We need to get ahead of this","wee-NEED-tuh-GET-uh-HED-ov-THIS","Chúng ta cần đi trước vấn đề này…","We need to get ahead of this before it escalates further."],["Let's take a step back and reassess","lets-TAYK-uh-STEP-BÆK-un-ree-uh-SES","Hãy lùi lại một bước và đánh giá lại…","Let's take a step back and reassess our assumptions here."],["What are our options here","wut-ar-AUR-OP-shunz-HEER","Các lựa chọn của chúng ta ở đây là gì…","What are our options here, given the constraints we're working with?"],["This is a risk we need to mitigate","THIS-iz-uh-RISK-wee-NEED-tuh-MIT-ih-gayt","Đây là rủi ro chúng ta cần giảm thiểu…","This is a risk we need to mitigate before the end of the quarter."],["We're on track to deliver","wer-ON-TRÆK-tuh-di-LIV-er","Chúng ta đang đúng tiến độ để bàn giao…","We're on track to deliver the first milestone by the end of the month."],["We've hit a minor roadblock","weev-HIT-uh-MAI-ner-ROHD-blok","Chúng ta đã gặp phải trở ngại nhỏ…","We've hit a minor roadblock with the vendor, but it's being resolved."],["I'm happy to report that","aim-HÆP-ee-tuh-ri-PORT-thæt","Tôi vui mừng báo cáo rằng…","I'm happy to report that we've exceeded our target by 15%."],["There's been a slight delay in","therz-bin-uh-SLAIT-di-LAY-in","Đã có sự chậm trễ nhỏ trong…","There's been a slight delay in the delivery due to supply chain issues."],["We're slightly behind schedule because","wer-SLAIT-lee-bi-HAIND-SKE-jool-bi-KUZ","Chúng ta đang hơi chậm tiến độ vì…","We're slightly behind schedule because of unexpected technical issues."],["To bring you up to speed","tuh-BRING-yoo-UP-tuh-SPEED","Để cập nhật bạn…","To bring you up to speed, here's where we currently stand."],["The latest on that front is","thuh-LAY-test-ON-thæt-FRUNT-iz","Tin mới nhất về mặt đó là…","The latest on that front is that the vendor confirmed delivery for next week."],["I understand your frustration","ai-UN-der-stænd-yor-frus-TRAY-shun","Tôi hiểu sự thất vọng của bạn…","I understand your frustration and I want to make this right."],["I take full responsibility for","ai-TAYK-FUL-ri-spon-suh-BIL-ih-tee-for","Tôi chịu hoàn toàn trách nhiệm về…","I take full responsibility for the miscommunication on our end."],["We're committed to resolving this","wer-kuh-MIT-id-tuh-ri-ZOL-ving-THIS","Chúng tôi cam kết giải quyết điều này…","We're committed to resolving this as quickly as possible."],["I want to assure you that","ai-WONT-tuh-uh-SHOR-yoo-thæt","Tôi muốn đảm bảo với bạn rằng…","I want to assure you that this won't happen again."],["Let me escalate this","let-mee-ES-kuh-layt-THIS","Để tôi leo thang vấn đề này…","Let me escalate this to our senior team to get it resolved faster."],["We sincerely apologise for","wee-sin-SEER-lee-uh-POL-uh-jaiz-for","Chúng tôi thực sự xin lỗi vì…","We sincerely apologise for the inconvenience this has caused."],["How are things on your end","hau-ar-THINGZ-ON-yor-END","Mọi thứ bên bạn như thế nào…","How are things on your end — are you keeping up with the workload?"],["It's been a busy one","its-bin-uh-BIZ-ee-WUN","Bận rộn lắm…","It's been a busy one, but we're making good progress."],["It's great to finally put a face to the name","its-GRAYT-tuh-FAI-nul-ee-PUT-uh-FAYS-tuh-thuh-NAYM","Thật tuyệt khi cuối cùng cũng gặp được bạn…","It's great to finally put a face to the name — I've heard a lot about you."],["How did the conference go","hau-DID-thuh-KON-fer-ents-GOH","Hội nghị diễn ra như thế nào…","How did the conference go — any good takeaways?"],["I've been meaning to connect with you","aiv-BIN-MEE-ning-tuh-kun-EKT-WITH-yoo","Tôi đã muốn kết nối với bạn…","I've been meaning to connect with you — glad we finally have this chance."],["Let's schedule some time to connect","lets-SKE-jool-SUM-TAIM-tuh-kun-EKT","Hãy sắp xếp thời gian để kết nối…","Let's schedule some time to connect properly next week."],["I'd like to delegate this to","aid-LAIK-tuh-DEL-ih-gayt-THIS-tuh","Tôi muốn giao điều này cho…","I'd like to delegate this to someone with more bandwidth right now."],["Can you take ownership of","kun-yoo-TAYK-OH-ner-ship-ov","Bạn có thể chịu trách nhiệm về…","Can you take ownership of the client communication going forward?"],["I'll handle the","ail-HÆN-dul-thuh","Tôi sẽ xử lý…","I'll handle the technical side — you focus on the stakeholder updates."],["We need to align on who's responsible for","wee-NEED-tuh-uh-LAIN-ON-hooz-ri-SPON-sih-bul-for","Chúng ta cần đồng thuận về ai chịu trách nhiệm cho…","We need to align on who's responsible for each deliverable."],["First, I'll cover","FERST-ail-KUV-er","Đầu tiên, tôi sẽ đề cập…","First, I'll cover the market context, then move into our strategy."],["This brings me to my next point","THIS-BRINGZ-mee-tuh-mai-NEKST-POINT","Điều này dẫn tôi đến điểm tiếp theo…","This brings me to my next point — the question of scalability."],["Let me pause here and take questions","let-mee-PAWZ-HEER-un-TAYK-KWES-chunz","Để tôi dừng ở đây và nhận câu hỏi…","Let me pause here and take questions before we move on."],["To put the numbers in context","tuh-PUT-thuh-NUM-berz-in-KON-tekst","Để đặt các con số vào bối cảnh…","To put the numbers in context, let me compare them to last year."],["I'll come back to that in a moment","ail-KUM-BÆK-tuh-thæt-in-uh-MOH-ment","Tôi sẽ quay lại điều đó trong một lúc…","I'll come back to that in a moment — it's a key part of the story."],["The headline figure is","thuh-HED-lain-FIG-yer-iz","Con số chính là…","The headline figure is a 32% increase in year-on-year revenue."],["What this means in practice is","wut-THIS-MEENZ-in-PRÆK-tis-iz","Điều này có nghĩa trên thực tế là…","What this means in practice is that we can reduce costs by a third."],["I want to draw your attention to","ai-WONT-tuh-DRAW-yor-uh-TEN-shun-tuh","Tôi muốn thu hút sự chú ý của bạn đến…","I want to draw your attention to the trend line on the right side."],["Our strategic priority is","AUR-struh-TEE-jik-prai-OR-ih-tee-iz","Ưu tiên chiến lược của chúng ta là…","Our strategic priority is to expand into three new markets this year."],["We need to be more intentional about","wee-NEED-tuh-BEE-mor-in-TEN-shun-ul-uh-BAUT","Chúng ta cần có chủ đích hơn về…","We need to be more intentional about how we allocate resources."],["The long-term vision is","thuh-LONG-TERM-VIZH-un-iz","Tầm nhìn dài hạn là…","The long-term vision is to become the category leader within five years."],["We're looking to scale","wer-LUK-ing-tuh-SKAYL","Chúng ta đang tìm cách mở rộng quy mô…","We're looking to scale the operation significantly in the next two years."],["The ROI on this would be","thuh-ar-OH-AI-ON-THIS-wud-BEE","ROI cho điều này sẽ là…","The ROI on this would be substantial if we execute it properly."],["We need to weigh the trade-offs","wee-NEED-tuh-WAY-thuh-TRAYD-awfs","Chúng ta cần cân nhắc đánh đổi…","We need to weigh the trade-offs carefully before committing."],["Let's prioritise impact over effort","lets-prai-OR-uh-taiz-IM-pækt-OH-ver-EF-ert","Hãy ưu tiên tác động hơn nỗ lực…","Let's prioritise impact over effort — focus on the 20% that drives 80%."],["Just to make sure I understand","JUST-tuh-MAYK-SHOR-ai-UN-der-stænd","Chỉ để đảm bảo tôi hiểu…","Just to make sure I understand — are you saying the deadline has moved?"],["Let me just confirm","let-mee-JUST-kun-FERM","Để tôi xác nhận…","Let me just confirm the key points before we close out."],["So if I understand correctly","SOH-IF-ai-UN-der-stænd-kuh-REKT-lee","Vậy nếu tôi hiểu đúng…","So if I understand correctly, the scope has changed significantly?"],["Can you clarify what you mean by","kun-yoo-KLÆR-ih-fai-wut-yoo-MEEN-bai","Bạn có thể làm rõ ý bạn muốn nói bằng…","Can you clarify what you mean by 'restructuring the workflow'?"],["I want to make sure we're aligned on","ai-WONT-tuh-MAYK-SHOR-wer-uh-LAIND-ON","Tôi muốn đảm bảo chúng ta đồng thuận về…","I want to make sure we're aligned on expectations before we begin."],["Does that make sense","DUZ-thæt-MAYK-SENTS","Điều đó có ý nghĩa không…","Does that make sense, or would you like me to walk through it again?"],["On a related note","on-uh-ri-LAY-tid-NOHT","Trên một chủ đề liên quan…","On a related note, we've seen similar results in the APAC region."],["That aside","thæt-uh-SAID","Ngoài điều đó ra…","That aside, the core strategy remains unchanged."],["With that in mind","WITH-thæt-in-MAIND","Với điều đó trong đầu…","With that in mind, I'd like to revisit our original timeline."],["To that end","tuh-thæt-END","Để đạt được điều đó…","To that end, I'd suggest we allocate more budget to the research phase."],["On a practical note","on-uh-PRÆK-tih-kul-NOHT","Trên mặt thực tế…","On a practical note, we'll need at least four weeks to implement this."],["It's been a pleasure working with you on this","its-bin-uh-PLEZH-er-WERK-ing-WITH-yoo-ON-THIS","Thật vui được làm việc với bạn về điều này…","It's been a pleasure working with you on this — looking forward to the next phase."],["I'm confident we'll get there","aim-KON-fih-dent-weel-GET-ther","Tôi tự tin chúng ta sẽ đạt được…","I'm confident we'll get there if we stay focused and keep communicating."],["Let me know if you need anything from my side","let-mee-NOH-IF-yoo-NEED-EH-nee-thing-frum-mai-SAID","Cho tôi biết nếu bạn cần gì từ phía tôi…","Let me know if you need anything from my side to move this forward."],["I'll keep you posted","ail-KEEP-yoo-POHST-id","Tôi sẽ cập nhật bạn…","I'll keep you posted as things develop on our end."],["Thanks for your continued support","THÆNKS-for-yor-kun-TIN-yood-suh-PORT","Cảm ơn vì sự hỗ trợ liên tục của bạn…","Thanks for your continued support — it makes a real difference."],["Let's cut to the chase","lets-KUT-tuh-thuh-CHAYS","Hãy đi thẳng vào vấn đề…","Let's cut to the chase — do we have the budget to proceed or not?"],["The bottom line is","thuh-BOT-um-LAIN-iz","Mấu chốt là…","The bottom line is that we need to make a decision by end of week."],["At the end of the day","æt-thee-END-ov-thuh-DAY","Cuối cùng thì…","At the end of the day, it comes down to what the customer actually wants."],["Let's make it happen","lets-MAYK-IT-HÆP-un","Hãy làm cho điều đó xảy ra…","We have the team, the plan, and the resources — let's make it happen."],["The ball is in our court","thuh-BAWL-iz-in-AUR-KORT","Quyền quyết định đang trong tay chúng ta…","The ball is in our court now — let's not waste the momentum."],["We need to move the needle","wee-NEED-tuh-MOOV-thuh-NEE-dul","Chúng ta cần tạo tiến bộ thực sự…","We need to move the needle on customer acquisition this quarter."],["Let's keep the momentum going","lets-KEEP-thuh-muh-MEN-tum-GOH-ing","Hãy giữ đà tiến…","Let's keep the momentum going — we've built something real here."],["This is a game-changer","THIS-iz-uh-GAYM-chayn-jer","Điều này là thay đổi cuộc chơi…","If we execute this well, it's a genuine game-changer for the business."],["We're at a critical juncture","wer-æt-uh-KRIT-ih-kul-JUNK-cher","Chúng ta đang ở giai đoạn quan trọng…","We're at a critical juncture — the decisions we make now will shape the next two years."],["Let's not overcomplicate this","lets-NOT-oh-ver-KOM-plih-kayt-THIS","Đừng làm phức tạp điều này…","Let's not overcomplicate this — the solution is simpler than we think."],["I want to make sure the stakeholders are on board","ai-WONT-tuh-MAYK-SHOR-thuh-STAYK-hohl-derz-ar-ON-BORD","Tôi muốn đảm bảo các bên liên quan đều đồng thuận…","I want to make sure the stakeholders are on board before we go any further."],["We need to manage expectations","wee-NEED-tuh-MÆ-nuj-ek-spek-TAY-shunz","Chúng ta cần quản lý kỳ vọng…","We need to manage expectations here — this won't happen overnight."],["I'll get sign-off from","ail-GET-SAIN-awf-frum","Tôi sẽ lấy sự chấp thuận từ…","I'll get sign-off from senior leadership before we move ahead."],["We need buy-in from","wee-NEED-BAI-in-frum","Chúng ta cần sự ủng hộ từ…","We need buy-in from the finance team before we can commit to this."],["Let's get everyone aligned","lets-GET-EV-ree-wun-uh-LAIND","Hãy để mọi người đồng thuận…","Let's get everyone aligned on the vision before we start execution."],["Value-add","VÆL-yoo-ÆD","Giá trị bổ sung…","What I want to know is — where's the real value-add for our customer?"],["Low-hanging fruit","LOH-hæng-ing-FROOT","Mục tiêu dễ đạt / thành quả dễ lấy…","Let's start with the low-hanging fruit before tackling the harder problems."],["Bandwidth","BÆN-width","Năng lực / thời gian rảnh để xử lý…","Does your team have the bandwidth to take this on right now?"],["Synergy","SIN-er-jee","Sức mạnh tổng hợp / sự phối hợp…","There's real synergy between our two teams that we haven't fully tapped into."],["Pain point","PAYN-POINT","Điểm đau / vấn đề người dùng gặp phải…","The key pain point for our customers is the complexity of the onboarding process."],["Get on the same page","GET-ON-thuh-SAYM-PAYJ","Đồng thuận / cùng hiểu…","We need to get on the same page about the definition of success here."],["Take it to the next level","TAYK-IT-tuh-thuh-NEKST-LEV-ul","Đưa lên tầm cao tiếp theo…","This product is good — now let's take it to the next level."],["Think outside the box","THINK-AUT-SAID-thuh-BOKS","Suy nghĩ sáng tạo / vượt ra ngoài khuôn mẫu…","We're not going to solve this with conventional thinking — let's think outside the box."],["Drill down into the data","DRIL-DAUN-IN-tuh-thuh-DAY-tuh","Đào sâu vào dữ liệu…","Let's drill down into the data and see where exactly we're losing customers."],["Circle back","SER-kul-BÆK","Quay lại sau / follow up…","Let's circle back on this after we have the updated numbers."],["In the pipeline","in-thuh-PAIP-lain","Đang được chuẩn bị / sắp ra…","We have three major partnerships in the pipeline for next quarter."],["Onboard a new","ON-bord-uh-NYOO","Đưa người mới vào / hướng dẫn…","We need to onboard a new vendor quickly to meet the deadline."],["Deliverable","di-LIV-er-uh-bul","Sản phẩm bàn giao / đầu ra…","What are the key deliverables for this phase of the project?"],["Touch base","TUCH-BAYS","Liên lạc ngắn / kiểm tra tiến độ…","Let's touch base on Thursday to see how things are progressing."],["Unpack that","un-PÆCK-thæt","Phân tích kỹ hơn / giải thích chi tiết…","Let's unpack that a bit — what exactly do you mean by 'restructuring'?"],["Scalable solution","SKAYL-uh-bul-suh-LOO-shun","Giải pháp có thể mở rộng…","We need to build a scalable solution, not just a quick fix."],["Actionable insights","ÆK-shun-uh-bul-IN-saits","Thông tin có thể hành động / hiểu biết thực tế…","What I want from this report is actionable insights, not just raw data."],["Leverage our strengths","LEV-er-ij-AUR-STRENGTHS","Tận dụng điểm mạnh của chúng ta…","We need to leverage our strengths and double down on what's working."],["Capacity constraints","kuh-PÆS-ih-tee-kun-STRAYNTS","Hạn chế năng lực…","We're running into capacity constraints — we need to bring in more resources."],["Realign our priorities","ree-uh-LAIN-AUR-prai-OR-ih-teez","Căn chỉnh lại ưu tiên…","Given the new information, we need to realign our priorities immediately."],["Key performance indicators","KEY-per-FOR-muns-in-DIH-kay-terz","Chỉ số hiệu suất chính (KPI)…","We need to agree on key performance indicators before we can measure success."],["Alignment across teams","uh-LAIN-ment-uh-KROS-TEEMZ","Sự đồng thuận giữa các đội nhóm…","We're lacking alignment across teams on the product roadmap."],["Put it on the back burner","PUT-IT-ON-thuh-BÆK-BER-ner","Để dành cho sau / tạm gác lại…","Let's put it on the back burner for now and focus on what's urgent."],["Raise a red flag","RAYZ-uh-RED-FLÆG","Đặt cờ đỏ / cảnh báo nguy hiểm…","I want to raise a red flag about the legal risk before we proceed."],["What's the end game here","wuts-thee-END-GAYM-HEER","Mục tiêu cuối cùng ở đây là gì…","Before we go further — what's the end game here, and how do we measure success?"],["I hope this email finds you well","ai-HOHP-THIS-EE-mayl-FINDZ-yoo-WEL · /aɪ hoʊp ðɪs ˈiːmeɪl faɪndz juː wɛl/","Hy vọng email này gặp bạn khoẻ mạnh…","I hope this email finds you well — I wanted to follow up on our last conversation."],["I'm writing with regard to","aim-RI-ting-with-rih-GARD-too · /aɪm ˈraɪtɪŋ wɪð rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː/","Tôi viết liên quan đến…","I'm writing with regard to the proposal we discussed last Thursday."],["Further to our conversation","FUR-ther-too-OWR-kon-ver-SAY-shun · /ˈfɜːrðər tuː aʊər ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən/","Tiếp theo cuộc trò chuyện của chúng ta…","Further to our conversation yesterday, I've attached the revised document."],["As per our discussion","az-PUR-OWR-dis-KUH-shun · /æz pɜːr aʊər dɪˈskʌʃən/","Theo như thảo luận của chúng ta…","As per our discussion, I've updated the timeline and budget figures."],["I wanted to reach out about","ai-WON-tid-too-REECH-OWT-uh-bowt · /aɪ ˈwɒntɪd tuː riːtʃ aʊt əˈbaʊt/","Tôi muốn liên hệ về…","I wanted to reach out about the upcoming product launch event."],["Thank you for your prompt reply","THÆNK-yoo-for-yor-PROMPT-rih-PLY · /θæŋk juː fɔːr jɔːr prɒmpt rɪˈplaɪ/","Cảm ơn bạn đã trả lời nhanh…","Thank you for your prompt reply — I really appreciate you getting back to me so quickly."],["I hope you don't mind me reaching out","ai-HOHP-yoo-DONT-MIND-mee-REE-ching-OWT · /aɪ hoʊp juː doʊnt maɪnd miː ˈriːtʃɪŋ aʊt/","Hy vọng bạn không phiền khi tôi liên hệ…","I hope you don't mind me reaching out — I found your contact through LinkedIn."],["Just a quick note to let you know","just-uh-KWIK-NOTE-too-LET-yoo-NOH · /dʒʌst ə kwɪk noʊt tuː lɛt juː noʊ/","Chỉ một lưu ý nhanh để bạn biết…","Just a quick note to let you know that the meeting has been moved to 3pm."],["Would it be possible to","wud-it-bee-POS-ih-bul-too · /wʊd ɪt biː ˈpɒsɪbəl tuː/","Liệu có thể…","Would it be possible to arrange a call sometime this week?"],["I was wondering if you could","ai-wuz-WUN-der-ing-if-yoo-KUD · /aɪ wəz ˈwʌndərɪŋ ɪf juː kʊd/","Tôi tự hỏi liệu bạn có thể…","I was wondering if you could send over the final report by Friday."],["Could you please clarify","kud-yoo-PLEEZ-KLAIR-ih-fai · /kʊd juː pliːz ˈklærɪfaɪ/","Bạn có thể làm rõ…","Could you please clarify what the budget ceiling is for this project?"],["I'd appreciate it if you could","aid-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-it-if-yoo-KUD · /aɪd əˈpriːʃieɪt ɪt ɪf juː kʊd/","Tôi sẽ rất biết ơn nếu bạn có thể…","I'd appreciate it if you could review the draft before Monday."],["I'm following up on","aim-FOL-oh-ing-UP-on · /aɪm ˈfɒloʊɪŋ ʌp ɒn/","Tôi đang theo dõi về…","I'm following up on the email I sent last week regarding the contract."],["Please don't hesitate to contact me","PLEEZ-DONT-HEZ-ih-tayt-too-KON-takt-mee · /pliːz doʊnt ˈhɛzɪteɪt tuː ˈkɒntækt miː/","Đừng ngần ngại liên hệ với tôi…","Please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions."],["I look forward to hearing from you","ai-LUK-FOR-werd-too-HEER-ing-frum-yoo · /aɪ lʊk ˈfɔːrwərd tuː ˈhɪərɪŋ frɒm juː/","Tôi mong nhận được tin từ bạn…","I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience."],["Please find attached","PLEEZ-FIND-uh-TACHT · /pliːz faɪnd əˈtætʃt/","Vui lòng xem tệp đính kèm…","Please find attached the revised proposal for your review."],["We'd like to propose","weed-LAIK-too-pruh-POHZ · /wiːd laɪk tuː prəˈpoʊz/","Chúng tôi muốn đề xuất…","We'd like to propose a three-month trial period before committing fully."],["What we're looking for is","wut-wer-LUK-ing-for-iz · /wɒt wɪər ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔːr ɪz/","Những gì chúng tôi đang tìm kiếm là…","What we're looking for is a long-term partnership built on mutual benefit."],["We're flexible on","wer-FLEK-sih-bul-on · /wɪər ˈflɛksɪbəl ɒn/","Chúng tôi linh hoạt về…","We're flexible on the timeline — what matters most is the quality of the outcome."],["That's a reasonable position","thats-uh-REE-zun-uh-bul-puh-ZI-shun · /ðæts ə ˈriːzənəbəl pəˈzɪʃən/","Đó là lập trường hợp lý…","That's a reasonable position — let me take it back to my team and get back to you."],["Could we meet in the middle on","kud-wee-MEET-in-thuh-MID-ul-on · /kʊd wiː miːt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ɒn/","Chúng ta có thể gặp nhau ở điểm giữa về…","Could we meet in the middle on the delivery date — say the 15th?"],["That's a bit beyond our budget","thats-uh-bit-bee-YOND-OWR-BUJ-it · /ðæts ə bɪt bɪˈjɒnd aʊər ˈbʌdʒɪt/","Điều đó hơi vượt ngân sách của chúng tôi…","That's a bit beyond our budget — is there any room to negotiate on price?"],["Let's see if we can find common ground","LETS-SEE-if-wee-kan-FIND-KOM-un-GROWND · /lɛts siː ɪf wiː kæn faɪnd ˈkɒmən ɡraʊnd/","Hãy xem chúng ta có thể tìm điểm chung không…","Let's see if we can find common ground on the key deliverables."],["If you can move on the price","if-yoo-kan-MOOV-on-thuh-PRICE · /ɪf juː kæn muːv ɒn ðə praɪs/","Nếu bạn có thể nhượng bộ về giá…","If you can move on the price, we're prepared to commit to a two-year contract."],["I think we're close to a deal","ai-THINK-wer-KLOHS-too-uh-DEEL · /aɪ θɪŋk wɪər kloʊs tuː ə diːl/","Tôi nghĩ chúng ta gần đạt được thoả thuận…","I think we're close to a deal — there are just a couple of points to iron out."],["We can agree to that","wee-kan-uh-GREE-too-THAT · /wiː kæn əˈɡriː tuː ðæt/","Chúng tôi có thể đồng ý điều đó…","We can agree to that, provided the payment terms remain the same."],["That's a deal-breaker for us","thats-uh-DEEL-BRAKE-er-for-us · /ðæts ə ˈdiːlbreɪkər fɔːr ʌs/","Đó là điểm không thể nhượng bộ cho chúng tôi…","Changing the IP ownership terms is a deal-breaker for us."],["Let's put that in writing","LETS-PUT-that-in-RI-ting · /lɛts pʊt ðæt ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ/","Hãy ghi điều đó vào văn bản…","Let's put that in writing and circulate the draft agreement by end of day."],["I'll need to run that by my team","ail-NEED-too-RUN-that-bai-mai-TEEM · /aɪl niːd tuː rʌn ðæt baɪ maɪ tiːm/","Tôi cần phải hỏi ý kiến đội của mình…","I'll need to run that by my team before I can give you a final answer."],["We appreciate your flexibility","wee-uh-PREE-shee-ayt-yor-flek-sih-BIL-ih-tee · /wiː əˈpriːʃieɪt jɔːr ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/","Chúng tôi trân trọng sự linh hoạt của bạn…","We appreciate your flexibility on this — it really helps move things forward."],["Today I'll be walking you through","tuh-DAY-ail-bee-WAWK-ing-yoo-THROO · /təˈdeɪ aɪl biː ˈwɔːkɪŋ juː θruː/","Hôm nay tôi sẽ dẫn bạn qua…","Today I'll be walking you through our Q3 results and the outlook for Q4."],["Feel free to stop me if","FEEL-FREE-too-STOP-mee-if · /fiːl friː tuː stɒp miː ɪf/","Cứ dừng tôi lại nếu…","Feel free to stop me if anything is unclear — I want this to be interactive."],["Let me bring your attention to","LET-mee-BRING-yor-uh-TEN-shun-too · /lɛt miː brɪŋ jɔːr əˈtɛnʃən tuː/","Cho tôi hướng sự chú ý của bạn đến…","Let me bring your attention to the bottom-right chart on this slide."],["Moving on to the next point","MOO-ving-ON-too-thuh-NEKST-POINT · /ˈmuːvɪŋ ɒn tuː ðə nɛkst pɔɪnt/","Chuyển sang điểm tiếp theo…","Moving on to the next point, I'd like to address the cost projections."],["As you can see from this slide","az-yoo-kan-SEE-frum-THIS-SLID · /æz juː kæn siː frɒm ðɪs slaɪd/","Như bạn có thể thấy từ slide này…","As you can see from this slide, revenue grew by 23% year on year."],["To summarise what we've covered","too-SUM-uh-riz-wut-weev-KUV-erd · /tuː ˈsʌməraɪz wɒt wiːv ˈkʌvərd/","Để tóm tắt những gì chúng ta đã đề cập…","To summarise what we've covered, there are three key takeaways."],["I'll hand over to","ail-HAND-OH-ver-too · /aɪl hænd ˈoʊvər tuː/","Tôi sẽ chuyển lời cho…","I'll hand over to Sarah, who will take you through the technical details."],["Does anyone have any questions at this stage","DUZ-EN-ee-wun-HAV-EN-ee-KWES-chunz-at-THIS-STAJE · /dʌz ˈɛniwʌn hæv ˈɛni ˈkwɛstʃənz æt ðɪs steɪdʒ/","Có ai có câu hỏi ở giai đoạn này không?","Does anyone have any questions at this stage before I move on?"],["That's a great question — let me address that","thats-uh-GRAYT-KWES-chun-LET-mee-uh-DRES-that · /ðæts ə ɡreɪt ˈkwɛstʃən lɛt miː əˈdrɛs ðæt/","Đó là câu hỏi hay — để tôi trả lời…","That's a great question — let me address that before wrapping up."],["I'll send around the slides after","ail-SEND-uh-ROWND-thuh-SLIDZ-AF-ter · /aɪl sɛnd əˈraʊnd ðə slaɪdz ˈɑːftər/","Tôi sẽ gửi slides sau buổi này…","I'll send around the slides after the meeting so you can review at your leisure."],["Let's align on the priorities","LETS-uh-LINE-on-thuh-pri-OR-ih-teez · /lɛts əˈlaɪn ɒn ðə praɪˈɒrɪtiz/","Hãy cùng thống nhất về các ưu tiên…","Before we dive in, let's align on the priorities for this sprint."],["I need more visibility on","ai-NEED-more-viz-ih-BIL-ih-tee-on · /aɪ niːd mɔːr ˌvɪzɪˈbɪlɪti ɒn/","Tôi cần thêm thông tin rõ ràng về…","I need more visibility on the project timeline before I can commit."],["Let's schedule a quick sync","LETS-SKEJ-yool-uh-KWIK-SINK · /lɛts ˈskɛdʒuːl ə kwɪk sɪŋk/","Hãy đặt lịch họp nhanh…","Let's schedule a quick sync to make sure we're all on the same page."],["That's not in scope for this phase","thats-NOT-in-SKOHP-for-THIS-FAZE · /ðæts nɒt ɪn skoʊp fɔːr ðɪs feɪz/","Điều đó nằm ngoài phạm vi giai đoạn này…","That's not in scope for this phase, but we can revisit it in Q2."],["Can you own that deliverable","kan-yoo-OWN-that-dih-LIV-er-uh-bul · /kæn juː oʊn ðæt dɪˈlɪvərəbəl/","Bạn có thể chịu trách nhiệm về kết quả đó không?","Can you own that deliverable and have it ready by end of week?"],["We need to manage expectations","wee-NEED-too-MAN-ij-ek-spek-TAY-shunz · /wiː niːd tuː ˈmænɪdʒ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz/","Chúng ta cần quản lý kỳ vọng…","We need to manage expectations with the client — this will take longer than they think."],["Let's make sure we're value-adding","LETS-MAKE-SHOOR-wer-VAL-yoo-AD-ing · /lɛts meɪk ʃʊr wɪər ˈvæljuː ˈædɪŋ/","Hãy đảm bảo chúng ta đang tạo thêm giá trị…","Let's make sure we're value-adding at every stage, not just going through the motions."],["We're hitting our KPIs","wer-HIT-ing-OWR-KAY-PEE-EYEZ · /wɪər ˈhɪtɪŋ aʊər ˌkeɪpiːˈaɪz/","Chúng ta đang đạt KPI…","We're hitting our KPIs across the board — the team should be proud."],["There's too much going on right now","thairz-TOO-MUCH-GOH-ing-ON-RITE-NOW · /ðɛrz tuː mʌtʃ ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɒn raɪt naʊ/","Có quá nhiều việc đang xảy ra lúc này…","There's too much going on right now — we need to deprioritise something."],["Let's take this offline","LETS-TAKE-THIS-OFF-line · /lɛts teɪk ðɪs ˈɒflaɪn/","Hãy bàn riêng về điều này…","Let's take this offline — it deserves a deeper conversation than we have time for here."]]
[["What's up?","wuts UP","Có gì không? / Dạo này thế nào?","Hey, what's up? Haven't seen you in a while!"],["How's it going?","howz it GOH-ing","Mọi chuyện ổn không?","Hi Sarah, how's it going these days?"],["Not bad, can't complain","not bad kant kum-PLAYN","Cũng được, không có gì phàn nàn","How are you? Not bad, can't complain!"],["Long time no see","long tym noh see","Lâu quá không gặp","Long time no see! You look great!"],["I've been meaning to call you","yvz bin MEE-ning too kawl yoo","Tôi định gọi cho bạn mãi","I've been meaning to call you — we need to catch up!"],["We should grab coffee sometime","wee shud grab KAW-fee SUM-tym","Hôm nào mình phải đi cà phê với nhau","We should grab coffee sometime and catch up properly."],["It was nice running into you","it wuz nys RUN-ing IN-too yoo","Thật vui được tình cờ gặp bạn","It was nice running into you at the grocery store!"],["Give me a holler if you need anything","giv mee uh HOL-ur if yoo need EN-ee-thing","Cứ hú tôi nếu cần gì nhé","Give me a holler if you need anything at all."],["No way!","noh way","Không thể thật sự! / Trời ơi!","No way! You got tickets to the game? That's amazing!"],["Are you kidding me?","ar yoo KID-ing mee","Bạn đang đùa tôi à? / Thật không?","Are you kidding me? The price went up again?!"],["That's awesome!","thats AW-sum","Tuyệt vời!","You passed the exam? That's awesome, congrats!"],["Oh my gosh!","oh my gosh","Ôi trời ơi!","Oh my gosh, I can't believe how fast the kids are growing!"],["That's a bummer","thats uh BUM-ur","Thật tiếc quá / Xui thật","You can't make it to the party? That's a bummer."],["I'm so done with this","aym soh dun with this","Tôi mệt mỏi với cái này rồi","I'm so done with this cold weather — I need a vacation."],["That's fair enough","thats fair uh-NUF","Điều đó cũng hợp lý thôi","You want to split the bill? That's fair enough."],["I feel you","I feel yoo","Tôi hiểu cảm giác của bạn","Traffic was terrible today. I feel you — took me an hour too."],["Tell me about it!","tel mee uh-bowt it","Nói tôi nghe đi! / Tôi hiểu hết rồi!","The commute is exhausting. Tell me about it! I do it every day."],["My bad","my bad","Lỗi tôi / Xin lỗi","I forgot to send you the file. My bad — I'll do it right now."],["Totally","TOH-tul-ee","Hoàn toàn đồng ý","Is it getting expensive here? Totally — rent has doubled."],["Absolutely","ab-suh-LOOT-lee","Chắc chắn rồi / Tuyệt đối","Can we reschedule for Friday? Absolutely, no problem at all."],["For sure","for shoor","Chắc chắn / Dĩ nhiên","Are you coming to the barbecue? For sure, wouldn't miss it!"],["You're telling me","yoor TEL-ing mee","Bạn không cần phải nói tôi cũng biết / Đúng vậy đó","Gas prices are insane right now. You're telling me — I paid $80 to fill up."],["Sounds good to me","sowndz gud too mee","Nghe có vẻ ổn với tôi","Want to meet at 6? Sounds good to me!"],["I'm down for that","aym down for that","Tôi ủng hộ cái đó / Tôi vào","Hiking this weekend? I'm down for that — been a while!"],["Works for me","wurks for mee","Được với tôi / Tôi đồng ý","Let's do Saturday instead. Works for me, see you then!"],["I couldn't agree more","I KUD-unt uh-GREE mor","Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý","We need more bike lanes downtown. I couldn't agree more."],["Can I get a table for two?","kan I get uh TAY-bul for too","Tôi có thể đặt bàn cho 2 người không?","Hi, can I get a table for two? We don't have a reservation."],["I'll have the usual","ayl hav thuh YOO-zhoo-ul","Tôi sẽ gọi món thường lệ","Hi Mike! I'll have the usual — black coffee and a bagel."],["Can I get that to go?","kan I get that too goh","Tôi có thể mang về không?","Can I get that to go? I'm running late for work."],["Could we get the check, please?","kud wee get thuh chek pleez","Cho tôi xin hóa đơn nhé?","Excuse me, could we get the check, please? We're in a bit of a rush."],["Does this come with anything?","duz this kum with EN-ee-thing","Món này có kèm gì không?","Does this burger come with fries or do I order those separately?"],["I'm starving","aym STAR-ving","Tôi đói bụng lắm / Tôi đói gần chết rồi","I haven't eaten since morning — I'm absolutely starving."],["I'll split it with you","ayl split it with yoo","Tôi chia với bạn","The portion is huge — I'll split it with you if you want."],["This place has great reviews","this plays haz grayt rih-VYOOZ","Quán này được đánh giá rất cao","I found this Thai restaurant — this place has great reviews online."],["It's on me","its on mee","Tôi đãi / Tôi trả tiền","Don't worry about it — it's on me today, you can get it next time."],["Let's go Dutch","lets goh Dutch","Mình chia đôi tiền đi","We can go Dutch tonight since we're both a bit tight on cash."],["I'm just browsing, thanks","aym just BROW-zing thanks","Tôi chỉ xem thôi, cảm ơn","Can I help you? I'm just browsing, thanks — I'll let you know."],["Do you have this in a different size?","doo yoo hav this in uh DIF-rint syz","Bạn có cái này size khác không?","Do you have this in a different size? This one is a bit too big."],["Is this on sale?","iz this on sayl","Cái này đang giảm giá không?","Excuse me, is this jacket on sale? I saw a sign near the door."],["Can I get a rain check?","kan I get uh rayn chek","Tôi có thể đặt lại sau không? (khi hết hàng)","The TV is sold out — can I get a rain check for the sale price?"],["What's your return policy?","wuts yoor rih-TURN POL-ih-see","Chính sách đổi trả hàng của bạn là gì?","Before I buy this, what's your return policy if it doesn't fit?"],["I found a better deal online","I fownd uh BET-ur deel ON-lyn","Tôi tìm được giá tốt hơn trên mạng","I found a better deal online, so I'll just order it from there."],["Do you price match?","doo yoo prys mach","Bạn có khớp giá không?","I saw this cheaper at Target — do you price match?"],["I'll take it","ayl tayk it","Tôi lấy cái này","Perfect, it fits great and I love the color — I'll take it."],["There's a ton of traffic on the freeway","thairz uh tun uv TRAF-ik on thuh FREE-way","Đường cao tốc đang kẹt xe khủng khiếp","There's a ton of traffic on the freeway — take the surface streets."],["GPS says to take the next exit","jee-pee-ES sez too tayk thuh nekst EK-sit","GPS bảo thoát ở lối ra tiếp theo","GPS says to take the next exit and then turn left."],["I need to fill up","I need too fil up","Tôi cần đổ xăng","I'm almost on empty — I need to fill up before we hit the highway."],["There's a speed trap up ahead","thairz uh speed trap up uh-HED","Có bẫy tốc độ phía trước","Slow down — there's a speed trap up ahead near the school zone."],["Can you drop me off here?","kan yoo drop mee awf here","Bạn có thể thả tôi xuống đây không?","Can you drop me off here? I'll walk the rest of the way."],["Parking is a nightmare downtown","PAR-king iz uh NYT-mair DOWN-town","Đỗ xe ở trung tâm là ác mộng","Parking is a nightmare downtown — let's take the subway instead."],["I got stuck in gridlock","I got stuk in GRID-lok","Tôi bị kẹt trong tình trạng tắc đường hoàn toàn","Sorry I'm late — I got stuck in gridlock for over an hour."],["I Ubered here","I YOO-burd here","Tôi đi Uber tới đây","I didn't want to deal with parking so I just Ubered here."],["The rent is due on the first","thuh rent iz dyoo on thuh furst","Tiền thuê phải trả vào ngày đầu tháng","Don't forget — the rent is due on the first, not the fifth."],["We need to split the utilities","wee need too split thuh yoo-TIL-ih-teez","Chúng ta cần chia tiền điện nước","Let's figure out how we're going to split the utilities this month."],["The landlord is dragging his feet","thuh LAND-lord iz DRAG-ing hiz feet","Chủ nhà đang chần chừ / Chủ nhà cứ kéo dài thời gian","The landlord is dragging his feet on fixing the heating — it's been weeks."],["I'm putting down a security deposit","aym PUT-ing down uh sih-KYOOR-ih-tee dih-POZ-it","Tôi sẽ đặt cọc tiền bảo lãnh","I'm putting down a security deposit on the apartment tomorrow."],["My HOA fees just went up","my ay-ch-oh-AY feez just went up","Phí HOA của tôi vừa tăng","My HOA fees just went up again — third time this year."],["We're going to flip this house","wir GOH-ing too flip this hows","Chúng tôi sẽ mua nhà để cải tạo và bán lại","We're going to flip this house — buy low, renovate, sell high."],["The neighborhood has really gentrified","thuh NAY-bur-hood haz REE-lee JEN-trih-fyd","Khu phố này đã được cải tạo và nâng cấp nhiều","The neighborhood has really gentrified — all the old stores are gone now."],["We're under contract on a house","wir UN-dur KON-trakt on uh hows","Chúng tôi đang trong quá trình ký hợp đồng mua nhà","Great news — we're under contract on a house in the suburbs!"],["I need to make an appointment","I need too mayk un uh-POYNT-munt","Tôi cần đặt lịch hẹn","I've been feeling sick — I need to make an appointment with my doctor."],["What's my copay?","wuts my KOH-pay","Khoản đồng chi trả của tôi là bao nhiêu?","Before I schedule anything, what's my copay for a specialist visit?"],["Is this in-network?","iz this IN-net-wurk","Cái này có trong mạng lưới bảo hiểm không?","Can you check if Dr. Smith is in-network with my insurance plan?"],["My deductible hasn't been met yet","my dih-DUK-tuh-bul HAZ-unt bin met yet","Tôi chưa đạt đến mức khấu trừ tối thiểu","My deductible hasn't been met yet so I'll be paying out of pocket."],["I'm waiting on prior authorization","aym WAY-ting on PRY-ur aw-thor-ih-ZAY-shun","Tôi đang chờ phê duyệt trước","The pharmacy says I'm waiting on prior authorization from my insurance."],["I called in sick","I kawld in sik","Tôi gọi điện báo ốm không đi làm","I called in sick today — got a bad cold and don't want to spread it."],["The urgent care clinic is faster","thuh UR-junt kair KLIN-ik iz FAS-tur","Phòng khám cấp cứu nhanh hơn","Skip the ER — the urgent care clinic is faster and cheaper for this."],["Do I need a referral for that?","doo I need uh rih-FUR-ul for that","Tôi có cần giấy giới thiệu cho việc đó không?","I want to see a dermatologist — do I need a referral for that?"],["I set up direct deposit","I set up duh-REKT dih-POZ-it","Tôi đã thiết lập chuyển khoản lương trực tiếp","I set up direct deposit so my paycheck goes straight to my account."],["I got hit with an overdraft fee","I got hit with un OH-vur-draft fee","Tôi bị trừ phí thấu chi","I wasn't paying attention and I got hit with an overdraft fee — $35!"],["I'm trying to build my credit score","aym TRY-ing too bild my KRED-it skor","Tôi đang cố gắng xây dựng điểm tín dụng","I'm trying to build my credit score so I can buy a car next year."],["I Venmo'd you","I VEN-mohd yoo","Tôi đã chuyển tiền cho bạn qua Venmo","I already Venmo'd you for my half of dinner — check your app."],["I'm living paycheck to paycheck","aym LIV-ing PAY-chek too PAY-chek","Tôi đang sống từ lương tháng này sang tháng khác","With rent so high, I'm basically living paycheck to paycheck right now."],["I'm maxed out on my credit card","aym makst owt on my KRED-it kard","Thẻ tín dụng của tôi đã dùng hết hạn mức","I can't buy anything right now — I'm maxed out on my credit card."],["I refinanced my mortgage","I ree-fuh-NANST my MOR-gij","Tôi đã tái tài trợ vay thế chấp nhà","Interest rates dropped so I refinanced my mortgage and saved $300/month."],["I put it on autopay","I put it on AW-toh-pay","Tôi đặt nó thanh toán tự động","I set all my bills on autopay so I never miss a payment."],["Let's circle back on that","lets SUR-kul bak on that","Chúng ta sẽ quay lại vấn đề đó sau","Good idea — let's circle back on that after the meeting tomorrow."],["Can we touch base later?","kan wee tuch bays LAY-tur","Chúng ta có thể liên lạc lại sau không?","I'm slammed right now — can we touch base later this afternoon?"],["I'm slammed","aym SLAMD","Tôi đang rất bận rộn","I can't take on any new projects right now — I'm absolutely slammed."],["We need to move the needle on this","wee need too moov thuh NEE-dul on this","Chúng ta cần tạo ra tiến triển đáng kể về việc này","Sales are flat — we really need to move the needle on this before Q4."],["Let's take this offline","lets tayk this AWF-lyn","Chúng ta sẽ thảo luận việc này riêng sau cuộc họp","This is getting complicated — let's take this offline and discuss one-on-one."],["I'm working from home today","aym WUR-king frum hohm tuh-DAY","Tôi đang làm việc ở nhà hôm nay","I'll be on Slack all day — I'm working from home today."],["That's low-hanging fruit","thats loh-HANG-ing froot","Đó là việc dễ làm trước / Đó là cơ hội dễ nắm bắt","Let's fix the easy stuff first — those are low-hanging fruit anyway."],["I'm reaching out to see if","aym REE-ching owt too see if","Tôi liên lạc để xem liệu","Hi, I'm reaching out to see if you're available for a quick call this week."],["Let's get everyone on the same page","lets get EV-ree-wun on thuh saym payj","Hãy để tất cả mọi người hiểu rõ tình hình","Before we start, let's get everyone on the same page about the timeline."],["I'll loop you in","ayl loop yoo in","Tôi sẽ cho bạn vào vòng thông tin","I'll loop you in on the email chain so you're up to speed."],["We're on the same page","wir on thuh saym payj","Chúng ta hiểu nhau rồi / Chúng ta đồng thuận","Good — I think we're on the same page about the project direction."],["I'll ping you","ayl ping yoo","Tôi sẽ nhắn tin/liên lạc với bạn","I'll ping you once I have the numbers ready — shouldn't be long."],["It's freezing out there","its FREE-zing owt thair","Ngoài kia lạnh cóng","Bundle up — it's freezing out there, well below zero."],["Bundle up","BUN-dul up","Mặc ấm vào","Bundle up before you go outside — there's a wind chill advisory."],["It's sweltering today","its SWEL-tur-ing tuh-DAY","Hôm nay nóng như nung","It's sweltering today — must be over 100 degrees with the humidity."],["We're getting dumped on","wir GET-ing dumpt on","Tuyết rơi rất nhiều / Mưa to","Roads are closing — we're really getting dumped on with this snowstorm."],["April showers bring May flowers","AY-prul SHOW-urz bring may FLOW-urz","Mưa tháng Tư mang lại hoa tháng Năm (sau khổ là sướng)","Don't complain too much about the rain — April showers bring May flowers!"],["It's a beautiful day out","its uh BYOO-tih-ful day owt","Hôm nay trời đẹp quá","It's a beautiful day out — let's have lunch outside for once."],["There's a storm rolling in","thairz uh storm ROH-ling in","Cơn bão đang kéo đến","You might want to head home early — there's a storm rolling in tonight."],["We got hit with a polar vortex","wee got hit with uh POH-lur VOR-teks","Chúng tôi bị ảnh hưởng bởi cơn xoáy cực lạnh","The whole Midwest got hit with a polar vortex — schools are closed everywhere."],["What are your plans this weekend?","wut ar yoor planz this WEEK-end","Cuối tuần này bạn có kế hoạch gì?","Hey, what are your plans this weekend? A few of us are going to the lake."],["We're having a cookout","wir HAV-ing uh KUK-owt","Chúng tôi đang tổ chức tiệc nướng ngoài trời","We're having a cookout on the Fourth — you and your family should come!"],["I'm bringing a dish","aym BRING-ing uh dish","Tôi sẽ mang một món ăn đến","It's a potluck — I'm bringing a dish. What are you making?"],["BYOB","bee-why-oh-bee","Tự mang đồ uống đến","It says BYOB on the invitation, so grab a six-pack before you come."],["I totally ghosted him","I TOH-tul-ee GOHST-id him","Tôi đã bặt liên lạc với anh ấy hoàn toàn","We went on two dates and then I totally ghosted him — I know, I know."],["She stood me up","shee stood mee up","Cô ấy đã hẹn mà không đến","I waited at the restaurant for an hour — she completely stood me up."],["We're hanging out tonight","wir HANG-ing owt tuh-NYT","Chúng tôi đang đi chơi tối nay","A few friends are hanging out tonight — nothing fancy, just Netflix and snacks."],["I'm going to bail on that","aym GOH-ing too bayl on that","Tôi sẽ rút lui khỏi kế hoạch đó","I'm exhausted — I'm going to bail on the party and stay in tonight."],["That went viral","that went VY-rul","Cái đó đã lan truyền rộng rãi","Did you see that video? It went viral overnight — 10 million views!"],["I'm so over it","aym soh OH-vur it","Tôi chán ngán rồi / Tôi không quan tâm nữa","Everyone's still talking about that drama but honestly I'm so over it."],["Swipe right on","swyp ryt on","Thích / Chọn ai đó (như trên app hẹn hò)","My friend says I should swipe right on anyone who likes hiking."],["She's a total catch","sheez uh TOH-tul kach","Cô ấy thật sự là người tuyệt vời để hẹn hò","Your sister seems wonderful — she's a total catch. Is she single?"],["Hit it out of the park","hit it owt uv thuh park","Thực hiện xuất sắc / Thành công vượt bậc","The presentation was incredible — you really hit it out of the park!"],["That came out of left field","that kaym owt uv left feeld","Điều đó thật bất ngờ / Không ngờ được","His resignation came completely out of left field — nobody saw it coming."],["Step up to the plate","step up too thuh playt","Đứng ra chịu trách nhiệm / Đảm nhận nhiệm vụ","It's time for someone to step up to the plate and lead this team."],["We're in the home stretch","wir in thuh hohm strech","Chúng ta sắp về đích / Gần hoàn thành rồi","The project is almost done — we're in the home stretch now!"],["It's a slam dunk","its uh slam dunk","Chắc chắn thành công / Quá dễ","With his qualifications, getting that job is a total slam dunk."],["We got a ballpark figure","wee got uh BAWL-park FIG-yur","Chúng ta có con số ước tính sơ bộ","The contractor gave us a ballpark figure of $20,000 for the renovation."],["That's a whole other ballgame","thats uh hohl UH-thur BAWL-gaym","Đó là chuyện hoàn toàn khác","Managing a team of 50 is a whole other ballgame compared to 5 people."],["Monday morning quarterback","MUN-day MOR-ning KWOR-tur-bak","Người phán xét dễ dàng sau khi sự việc xảy ra","Everyone's a Monday morning quarterback — easy to criticize after the fact."],["Can you drop a pin?","kan yoo drop uh pin","Bạn có thể ghim vị trí không?","I can't find the venue — can you drop a pin so I can navigate there?"],["I'll shoot you a text","ayl shoot yoo uh tekst","Tôi sẽ nhắn tin cho bạn","I'll shoot you a text when I'm on my way so you know when to expect me."],["My phone is blowing up","my fohn iz BLOH-ing up","Điện thoại tôi liên tục nhận thông báo","My phone is blowing up since that tweet got shared — can't keep up!"],["I need to charge up","I need too charj up","Tôi cần sạc pin","Give me a sec — I need to charge up before we head out."],["I binged the whole season","I binjd thuh hohl SEE-zun","Tôi xem cả mùa một lúc","I couldn't stop watching — I binged the whole season in one weekend."],["Unsubscribe from that","un-sub-SKRYB frum that","Hủy đăng ký / Không muốn nghe về điều đó nữa","Please unsubscribe from that group chat — the notifications are non-stop."],["My WiFi is acting up","my WY-fy iz AK-ting up","WiFi của tôi đang hoạt động kém","I keep getting disconnected — my WiFi is acting up again."],["I'll DM you","ayl dee-em yoo","Tôi sẽ nhắn tin riêng cho bạn","Don't post your number publicly — I'll DM you instead."],["The HOA is really strict here","thuh ay-ch-oh-AY iz REE-lee strikt here","Ban quản lý khu dân cư ở đây rất nghiêm ngặt","You can't paint your house any color — the HOA is really strict here."],["We're having a block party","wir HAV-ing uh blok PAR-tee","Chúng tôi tổ chức tiệc cho cả khu phố","The whole street is invited — we're having a block party on Labor Day."],["The school district is really good","thuh skool dis-TRIKT iz REE-lee gud","Học khu ở đây rất tốt","We chose this neighborhood mainly because the school district is really good."],["Property taxes are through the roof","PROP-ur-tee TAK-siz ar throo thuh roof","Thuế bất động sản cao ngất ngưởng","Property taxes are through the roof in this area — almost $8,000 a year."],["Watch out for that pothole","woch owt for that POT-hohl","Coi chừng ổ gà đó","Watch out for that pothole on Maple Street — it'll blow your tire."],["The city is adding a new bike lane","thuh SIT-ee iz AD-ing uh noo byk layn","Thành phố đang thêm làn đường xe đạp mới","The city is adding a new bike lane on Main Street — finally!"],["I'll take a rain check","ayl tayk uh rayn chek","Tôi sẽ nhận ưu đãi vào lần khác / Hẹn dịp khác","I can't make the game tonight — I'll take a rain check, though."],["That's the bottom line","thats thuh BOT-um lyn","Đó là điều cốt lõi / Tóm lại là","We can discuss all we want, but the bottom line is we need more funding."],["I'll figure it out","ayl FIG-yur it owt","Tôi sẽ tìm cách giải quyết","Don't stress — I'll figure it out. I always do."],["That's the name of the game","thats thuh naym uv thuh gaym","Đó là bản chất của vấn đề / Đó là cách phải làm","In sales, rejection is the name of the game — you have to get used to it."],["We'll cross that bridge when we come to it","weel kros that brij when wee kum too it","Đến đâu hay đến đó / Hãy giải quyết khi vấn đề xảy ra","Don't worry about the visa yet — we'll cross that bridge when we come to it."],["I'll bite the bullet","ayl byt thuh BUL-it","Tôi sẽ cắn răng chịu đựng / Làm điều khó khăn","The dentist visit won't be fun, but I'll bite the bullet and go tomorrow."],["It's not rocket science","its not ROK-it SY-ints","Không phải là khoa học tên lửa / Không quá phức tạp","Setting up the router is easy — it's not rocket science, I promise."],["We're on a roll","wir on uh rohl","Chúng ta đang thành công liên tiếp / Đang có đà tốt","Three wins in a row — this team is really on a roll right now!"],["Don't sweat it","dohnt swet it","Đừng lo lắng / Đừng bận tâm","You forgot to bring it? Don't sweat it — we can get it another time."],["I'm on the fence about it","aym on thuh fens uh-bowt it","Tôi chưa quyết định được / Tôi còn lưỡng lự","I'm on the fence about taking that job — the pay is great but the commute is terrible."],["It's a no-brainer","its uh noh-BRAYN-ur","Quá rõ ràng / Không cần suy nghĩ nhiều","Free food at work? It's a no-brainer — of course I'm going!"],["I'm calling it a night","aym KAW-ling it uh nyt","Tôi sẽ kết thúc ngày hôm nay thôi","It's past midnight — I'm calling it a night. See you all tomorrow."],["That's what I'm talking about!","thats wut aym TAW-king uh-bowt","Đó chính là điều tôi muốn nói! / Đỉnh thật!","We finally got the raise approved — that's what I'm talking about!"],["I'm at a loss","aym at uh los","Tôi không biết phải làm gì / Tôi bế tắc","After everything that happened, I'm honestly at a loss for words."],["I'm pulling an all-nighter","aym PUL-ing un awl-NY-tur","Tôi thức suốt đêm để học/làm việc","Finals are tomorrow — I'm pulling an all-nighter to finish studying."],["I bombed the test","I bomd thuh test","Tôi thi trượt / Tôi làm bài rất tệ","I really bombed that chemistry test — I should have studied more."],["I aced it","I ayst it","Tôi làm xuất sắc / Tôi đạt điểm tuyệt vời","How was your interview? I aced it — they offered me the job on the spot!"],["I'm cramming for finals","aym KRAM-ing for FY-nulz","Tôi đang học nhồi cho kỳ thi cuối kỳ","I can't go out tonight — I'm cramming for finals all week."],["I declared my major","I dih-KLAIRD my MAY-jur","Tôi đã chọn ngành học chính","I finally declared my major — going with computer science."],["I'm taking out student loans","aym TAY-king owt STOO-dunt lohnz","Tôi đang vay tiền sinh viên","Tuition is crazy expensive — I'm taking out student loans to cover it."],["Whatever floats your boat","wut-EV-ur flohts yoor boht","Tùy bạn thích / Miễn bạn vui là được","You want to eat sushi for the third time this week? Whatever floats your boat!"],["That's neither here nor there","thats NEE-thur here nor thair","Điều đó không liên quan / Điều đó không quan trọng","His personal life is neither here nor there — let's focus on the work."],["You win some, you lose some","yoo win sum yoo looz sum","Được cái này mất cái kia / Thắng thua là chuyện bình thường","The deal fell through but hey — you win some, you lose some in business."],["That's par for the course","thats par for thuh kors","Đó là điều bình thường / Không có gì lạ","The meetings run over by an hour? That's par for the course around here."],["I'm drawing a blank","aym DRAW-ing uh blank","Tôi không nhớ ra / Tôi bí","I know I've met him before but I'm drawing a blank on his name."],["Better safe than sorry","BET-ur sayf than SOR-ee","Cẩn thận vẫn hơn / An toàn là trên hết","Bring an umbrella even if it looks clear — better safe than sorry."],["I'll keep you posted","ayl keep yoo POHST-id","Tôi sẽ cập nhật cho bạn","As soon as I hear back from them, I'll keep you posted."],["Don't count your chickens before they hatch","dohnt kownt yoor CHIK-inz bih-for thay hach","Đừng đếm cua trong hang / Chưa chắc đã xảy ra","We haven't signed the contract yet — don't count your chickens before they hatch."],["That's a mouthful","thats uh MOWTH-ful","Tên/câu đó khó nói quá / Phức tạp quá","The official name of the organization is quite a mouthful — we just use the acronym."],["I'm in over my head","aym in OH-vur my hed","Tôi đã lấn sân quá sức / Quá khả năng của tôi","I accepted too many projects — I'm completely in over my head right now."],["Last call!","last kawl","Đây là lần gọi thức uống cuối cùng!","It's 1:45 AM — last call! What do you want?"],["I'll have what she's having","ayl hav wut sheez HAV-ing","Tôi sẽ gọi giống cô ấy","That looks amazing — I'll have what she's having, please."],["That's not my cup of tea","thats not my kup uv tee","Đó không phải sở thích của tôi / Không hợp gu tôi","Horror movies aren't really my cup of tea — I prefer comedies."],["I have a sweet tooth","I hav uh sweet tooth","Tôi thích đồ ngọt","Warning: I have a serious sweet tooth, so dessert is non-negotiable."],["We polished off the whole pizza","wee POL-isht awf thuh hohl PEET-suh","Chúng tôi đã ăn hết cái bánh pizza","We were so hungry we polished off the whole pizza in under 20 minutes."],["I'm good, thanks","aym gud thanks","Tôi ổn, cảm ơn / Không cần đâu","More coffee? I'm good, thanks — already had three cups today."],["I'm trying to get back in shape","aym TRY-ing too get bak in shayp","Tôi đang cố lấy lại vóc dáng","I joined the gym last week — really trying to get back in shape this year."],["I hit the gym before work","I hit thuh jim bih-FOR wurk","Tôi đi tập gym trước khi đi làm","I feel so much better since I started hitting the gym before work."],["I'm on a diet","aym on uh DY-ut","Tôi đang ăn kiêng","No dessert for me — I'm on a diet, trying to cut out sugar completely."],["I'm trying to cut back on","aym TRY-ing too kut bak on","Tôi đang cố gắng giảm bớt","I'm trying to cut back on caffeine but it's really hard in the mornings."],["I ran a 5K last weekend","I ran uh fyv-KAY last WEEK-end","Tôi đã chạy 5km cuối tuần trước","I'm so proud — I ran a 5K last weekend without stopping for the first time!"],["I need a rest day","I need uh rest day","Tôi cần một ngày nghỉ ngơi","I've been working out six days straight — I definitely need a rest day."],["The kids are driving me crazy","thuh kidz ar DRY-ving mee KRAY-zee","Bọn trẻ làm tôi phát điên","It's been raining all week and the kids are driving me crazy indoors."],["We're doing a playdate","wir DOO-ing uh PLAY-dayt","Chúng tôi đang tổ chức buổi chơi cùng nhau cho trẻ","Our kids get along so well — we should schedule a playdate soon."],["We need a babysitter for Saturday","wee need uh BAY-bee-sit-ur for SAT-ur-day","Chúng tôi cần người trông trẻ vào thứ Bảy","Do you know anyone reliable? We need a babysitter for Saturday night."],["She's hitting all her milestones","sheez HIT-ing awl hur MYL-stohnz","Cô bé đang đạt tất cả các mốc phát triển","The pediatrician says she's hitting all her milestones — totally healthy!"],["She's my emotional support animal","sheez my ih-MOH-shun-ul suh-PORT AN-ih-mul","Cô ấy là thú cưng hỗ trợ cảm xúc của tôi","My dog is officially registered as my emotional support animal."],["He needs to be walked twice a day","hee needz too bih wawkt twys uh day","Nó cần được dắt đi bộ hai lần một ngày","Golden Retrievers have a lot of energy — he needs to be walked twice a day."],["She's fixed","sheez fikst","Cô bé đã được phẫu thuật triệt sản","Is your cat spayed? Yes, she's fixed — we got it done at six months."],["We got him from the shelter","wee got him frum thuh SHEL-tur","Chúng tôi đưa cậu ấy về từ trại cứu trợ thú vật","We adopted him — we got him from the local shelter, not a breeder."],["We're doing Thanksgiving at our place this year","wir DOO-ing THANKZ-giv-ing at owur plays this yeer","Năm nay chúng tôi tổ chức Thanksgiving ở nhà","We're doing Thanksgiving at our place this year — can you come?"],["The Fourth of July fireworks are incredible here","thuh forth uv joo-LY FYR-wurks ar in-KRED-ih-bul here","Pháo hoa ngày 4 tháng 7 ở đây tuyệt vời lắm","You have to come visit — the Fourth of July fireworks are incredible here."],["I'm going all out for Halloween","aym GOH-ing awl owt for HAL-oh-ween","Tôi sẽ hết mình cho Halloween","I'm going all out for Halloween this year — full costume and everything."],["Black Friday deals are insane","blak FRY-day deelz ar in-SAYN","Khuyến mãi Black Friday điên rồ lắm","I wait all year for this — Black Friday deals are insane at this store."],["I'll put it on the calendar","ayl put it on thuh KAL-in-dur","Tôi sẽ ghi vào lịch","Sounds great — I'll put it on the calendar right now so I don't forget."],["Can you cover for me?","kan yoo KUV-ur for mee","Bạn có thể đỡ tôi / Bạn có thể che đỡ cho tôi không?","I need to leave early — can you cover for me with the boss?"],["I'm playing phone tag with them","aym PLAY-ing fohn tag with them","Tôi và họ cứ gọi qua gọi lại không kết nối được","I've been playing phone tag with the insurance company for a week."],["That's a red flag","thats uh red flag","Đó là dấu hiệu cảnh báo","He canceled three dates in a row — that's a major red flag."],["I'm all ears","aym awl eerz","Tôi đang chú ý lắng nghe / Tôi sẵn sàng nghe","You said you have big news — I'm all ears, go ahead!"],["That hit different","that hit DIF-rint","Cái đó có cảm giác khác / Đặc biệt hơn thường","Watching that movie after losing my dad — it really hit different."],["I'm not gonna lie","aym not GON-uh ly","Tôi thành thật mà nói / Nói thật nhé","I'm not gonna lie — that was the best pizza I've ever had."],["That's a stretch","thats uh strech","Điều đó hơi khó tin / Nói vậy hơi quá","Calling him a genius is a bit of a stretch — he just got lucky."],["It is what it is","it iz wut it iz","Đành vậy thôi / Không thể thay đổi được","I didn't get the promotion but it is what it is — I'll keep trying."],["I'll take the hit","ayl tayk thuh hit","Tôi sẽ chịu thiệt / Tôi sẽ nhận hậu quả","If someone has to take the blame, I'll take the hit for the team."],["That escalated quickly","that ES-kuh-lay-tid KWIK-lee","Mọi chuyện leo thang nhanh quá","One disagreement and now they're not speaking — that escalated quickly!"],["I'm in a pickle","aym in uh PIK-ul","Tôi đang trong tình huống khó xử","I double-booked myself on Saturday — I'm really in a pickle here."],["We're in the same boat","wir in thuh saym boht","Chúng ta đang trong cùng hoàn cảnh","Don't feel bad — we're in the same boat. Nobody knows what to do."],["That went over my head","that went OH-vur my hed","Tôi không hiểu cái đó / Cái đó vượt qua tầm hiểu của tôi","The physics lecture went completely over my head — I need a tutor."],["I could use a hand with this","I kud yooz uh hand with this","Tôi cần sự giúp đỡ với việc này","I could use a hand moving this furniture — it's too heavy for one person."],["That's what she said","thats wut shee sed","Cô ấy đã nói vậy (câu đùa quen thuộc người Mỹ)","It's a lot to handle at once. That's what she said! — Sorry, had to."],["I'll have the usual","ail-HAV-thuh-YOOZ-yoo-ul · /aɪl hæv ðə ˈjuːʒuəl/","Cho tôi cái thường lệ…","Hey, could I get my usual? A large oat milk latte, no sugar."],["Can I get that to go?","kan-ai-GET-that-too-GOH · /kæn aɪ ɡɛt ðæt tuː ɡoʊ/","Cho tôi mang đi nhé?","Can I get that to go? I'm running a bit late."],["What's good here?","wuts-GUD-heer · /wʌts ɡʊd hɪər/","Ở đây có gì ngon không?","First time here — what's good here? Any local favourites?"],["I'm starving","aim-STAR-ving · /aɪm ˈstɑːrvɪŋ/","Tôi đói bụng lắm…","I'm starving — can we stop somewhere and grab a bite?"],["Split the bill?","SPLIT-thuh-BIL · /splɪt ðə bɪl/","Chia đôi tiền nhé?","Should we split the bill or do you want to get it this time?"],["I'll treat you","ail-TREET-yoo · /aɪl triːt juː/","Tôi đãi bạn…","Put your wallet away — I'll treat you this time."],["It's on me","its-ON-mee · /ɪts ɒn miː/","Tôi trả…","Don't worry about it, it's on me."],["Can we get the check?","kan-wee-GET-thuh-CHEK · /kæn wiː ɡɛt ðə tʃɛk/","Cho tôi tính tiền được không?","Excuse me, can we get the check when you get a chance?"],["I have a sweet tooth","ai-HAV-uh-SWEET-tooth · /aɪ hæv ə swiːt tuːθ/","Tôi thích đồ ngọt…","I have a sweet tooth, so I always end up ordering dessert."],["I'm trying to eat clean","aim-TRAI-ing-too-EET-KLEEN · /aɪm ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː iːt kliːn/","Tôi đang cố ăn sạch…","I'm trying to eat clean this month, so no pizza for me."],["It hit the spot","it-HIT-thuh-SPOT · /ɪt hɪt ðə spɒt/","Cái đó đúng vị lắm…","That burger totally hit the spot — I needed that."],["I'm not a picky eater","aim-not-uh-PIK-ee-EE-ter · /aɪm nɒt ə ˈpɪki ˈiːtər/","Tôi không kén ăn…","Don't worry about me, I'm not a picky eater — I'll eat anything."],["Mind if I try a bite?","MAIND-if-ai-TRAI-uh-BITE · /maɪnd ɪf aɪ traɪ ə baɪt/","Cho tôi nếm thử một miếng nhé?","Oh, that looks amazing — mind if I try a bite?"],["I'm cutting back on carbs","aim-KUT-ing-BAK-on-KARBZ · /aɪm ˈkʌtɪŋ bæk ɒn kɑːrbz/","Tôi đang giảm tinh bột…","I'm cutting back on carbs, so maybe just a salad for me."],["This place has great vibes","THIS-place-haz-GRAYT-VIBZ · /ðɪs pleɪs hæz ɡreɪt vaɪbz/","Quán này có không khí tốt…","I love this place — it has great vibes and the food is even better."],["I'm just browsing","aim-JUST-BROW-zing · /aɪm dʒʌst ˈbraʊzɪŋ/","Tôi chỉ xem thôi…","Thanks, I'm just browsing — I'll let you know if I need anything."],["It's a steal","its-uh-STEEL · /ɪts ə stiːl/","Rẻ như bèo vậy…","Thirty bucks for that jacket? It's a steal!"],["It's a bit steep","its-uh-bit-STEEP · /ɪts ə bɪt stiːp/","Hơi đắt một chút…","A hundred dollars for a T-shirt? That's a bit steep for me."],["Can I get a raincheck?","kan-ai-GET-uh-RAIN-chek · /kæn aɪ ɡɛt ə ˈreɪntʃɛk/","Cho tôi dùng dịp khác được không?","I can't make the sale today — can I get a raincheck on that deal?"],["Is this on sale?","iz-THIS-on-SALE · /ɪz ðɪs ɒn seɪl/","Cái này đang giảm giá không?","Excuse me, is this jacket on sale or is it full price?"],["I'm on a tight budget","aim-ON-uh-TITE-BUJ-it · /aɪm ɒn ə taɪt ˈbʌdʒɪt/","Tôi đang trong ngân sách eo hẹp…","I'm on a tight budget this month, so I'm avoiding the mall."],["I splurged a little","ai-SPLURJD-uh-LIT-ul · /aɪ splɜːrdʒd ə ˈlɪtəl/","Tôi đã chi hơi nhiều một chút…","I splurged a little on those sneakers, but they're worth every penny."],["That's worth every penny","thats-WURTH-EV-ree-PEN-ee · /ðæts wɜːrθ ˈɛvri ˈpɛni/","Xứng đáng từng đồng tiền bỏ ra…","The mattress was expensive, but it's worth every penny — best sleep of my life."],["I'm saving up for","aim-SAY-ving-UP-for · /aɪm ˈseɪvɪŋ ʌp fɔːr/","Tôi đang dành dụm để…","I'm saving up for a trip to Japan — maybe next spring."],["Do you price match?","doo-yoo-PRICE-mach · /duː juː praɪs mætʃ/","Bạn có đối giá không?","I found it cheaper online — do you price match?"],["I'll put it on my card","ail-PUT-it-on-mai-KARD · /aɪl pʊt ɪt ɒn maɪ kɑːrd/","Tôi sẽ trả bằng thẻ…","Just put it on my card — I'll figure out the budget later."],["This is going fast","THIS-iz-GOH-ing-FAST · /ðɪs ɪz ˈɡoʊɪŋ fæst/","Hàng này đang cháy hàng…","Get it now — this colourway is going fast."],["It's sold out","its-SOHLD-OWT · /ɪts soʊld aʊt/","Hết hàng rồi…","I checked online but it's sold out in my size."],["Can I return this?","kan-ai-rih-TURN-THIS · /kæn aɪ rɪˈtɜːrn ðɪs/","Tôi có thể trả lại cái này không?","I got the wrong size — can I return this without a receipt?"],["I got a good deal","ai-GOT-uh-GUD-DEEL · /aɪ ɡɒt ə ɡʊd diːl/","Tôi mua được giá tốt…","Found this at a thrift store for five bucks — I got a good deal."],["Make yourself at home","MAKE-yor-SELF-at-HOHM · /meɪk jɔːrˈsɛlf æt hoʊm/","Cứ tự nhiên như ở nhà mình…","Come on in and make yourself at home — I'll grab us some drinks."],["I owe you one","ai-OH-yoo-WUN · /aɪ oʊ juː wʌn/","Tôi nợ bạn cái này…","You covered my shift last week — I owe you one."],["No worries at all","NOH-WUR-eez-at-AWL · /noʊ ˈwʌriz æt ɔːl/","Không có gì lo ngại cả…","Sorry for the mix-up! — No worries at all, it happens."],["Let's keep in touch","LETS-KEEP-in-TUCH · /lɛts kiːp ɪn tʌtʃ/","Mình giữ liên lạc nhé…","It was great catching up — let's keep in touch!"],["I'm so over it","aim-SOH-OH-ver-it · /aɪm soʊ ˈoʊvər ɪt/","Tôi chán ngán cái đó rồi…","The drama at work is exhausting — I'm so over it."],["That's so awkward","thats-SOH-AWK-werd · /ðæts soʊ ˈɔːkwərd/","Thật sự ngượng ngùng…","Running into your ex at a party like that? That's so awkward."],["I can't deal right now","ai-KANT-DEEL-RITE-now · /aɪ kænt diːl raɪt naʊ/","Tôi không xử lý được lúc này…","My inbox is out of control — I can't deal right now."],["That means the world to me","that-MEENZ-thuh-WURLD-too-mee · /ðæt miːnz ðə wɜːrld tuː miː/","Điều đó có ý nghĩa rất lớn với tôi…","You remembered my birthday — that means the world to me."],["I'm not one to gossip, but","aim-not-WUN-too-GOS-ip-but · /aɪm nɒt wʌn tuː ˈɡɒsɪp bʌt/","Tôi không thích nói chuyện đằng sau, nhưng…","I'm not one to gossip, but did you hear what happened at the meeting?"],["We're overdue for a catch-up","wer-OH-ver-DYOO-for-uh-KACH-up · /wɪər ˌoʊvərˈdjuː fɔːr ə ˈkætʃʌp/","Mình lâu không gặp nhau rồi…","Hey, we're overdue for a catch-up — free this weekend?"],["I hear you","ai-HEER-yoo · /aɪ hɪər juː/","Tôi hiểu bạn…","That sounds really rough. I hear you — it's been a tough year."],["That tracks","THAT-TRAKS · /ðæt træks/","Điều đó hợp lý đấy…","Oh, she left the company? Yeah, that tracks — she seemed unhappy for months."],["I'm dead serious","aim-DED-SEER-ee-us · /aɪm dɛd ˈsɪəriəs/","Tôi nói thật hoàn toàn…","I'm dead serious — quit your job if it's making you miserable."],["You're overthinking it","yor-OH-ver-THINK-ing-it · /jɔːr ˌoʊvərˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt/","Bạn suy nghĩ quá nhiều rồi…","Relax, you're overthinking it — just send the email."],["Low-key","LOH-KEE · /loʊ kiː/","Thầm lặng / khá là…","I'm low-key obsessed with that new show — watched the whole season last night."],["I'm swamped","aim-SWOMT · /aɪm swɒmpt/","Tôi đang ngập đầu công việc…","Can we push the meeting? I'm swamped with deadlines this week."],["Let's circle back on that","LETS-SUR-kul-BAK-on-THAT · /lɛts ˈsɜːrkəl bæk ɒn ðæt/","Mình sẽ quay lại vấn đề đó sau…","Great point — let's circle back on that in our next sync."],["Take it offline","TAKE-it-OFF-line · /teɪk ɪt ˈɒflaɪn/","Bàn chuyện đó riêng thôi…","That's a great discussion, but let's take it offline so we don't hold up the whole group."],["I'll ping you later","ail-PING-yoo-LAY-ter · /aɪl pɪŋ juː ˈleɪtər/","Tôi sẽ nhắn bạn sau…","I don't have the file right now — I'll ping you later when I find it."],["It's above my pay grade","its-uh-BUV-mai-PAY-GRADE · /ɪts əˈbʌv maɪ peɪ ɡreɪd/","Đó là quyết định không thuộc phạm vi của tôi…","Whether we change vendors is above my pay grade — you'd need to ask the director."],["We're on the same page","wer-ON-thuh-SAME-PAGE · /wɪər ɒn ðə seɪm peɪdʒ/","Chúng ta hiểu nhau rồi…","Good — sounds like we're on the same page about the launch timeline."],["Let's get the ball rolling","LETS-GET-thuh-BAWL-ROH-ling · /lɛts ɡɛt ðə bɔːl ˈroʊlɪŋ/","Nào bắt đầu thôi…","We've planned enough — let's get the ball rolling and start execution."],["I'll loop you in","ail-LOOP-yoo-IN · /aɪl luːp juː ɪn/","Tôi sẽ đưa bạn vào vòng thông tin…","Once I hear back from the client, I'll loop you in."],["That's a bandwidth issue","thats-uh-BAND-with-ISH-yoo · /ðæts ə ˈbændwɪdθ ˈɪʃuː/","Đó là vấn đề về nguồn lực…","We can't take on that project — it's a bandwidth issue for the team right now."],["Let's touch base tomorrow","LETS-TUCH-BASE-tuh-MOR-oh · /lɛts tʌtʃ beɪs təˈmɒroʊ/","Mình liên hệ lại ngày mai nhé…","I need to check a few things — let's touch base tomorrow morning."],["I'm working remotely today","aim-WUR-king-rih-MOHT-lee-tuh-DAY · /aɪm ˈwɜːrkɪŋ rɪˈmoʊtli təˈdeɪ/","Hôm nay tôi làm việc từ xa…","I won't be in the office — I'm working remotely today if you need me."],["Run it by me first","RUN-it-bai-mee-FURST · /rʌn ɪt baɪ miː fɜːrst/","Hỏi tôi trước đã nhé…","Before you send that to the client, run it by me first."],["That's a game-changer","thats-uh-GAME-CHANJE-er · /ðæts ə ˈɡeɪmtʃeɪndʒər/","Cái đó thay đổi cuộc chơi…","This new automation tool is a game-changer for our workflow."],["I'm buried in emails","aim-BER-eed-in-EE-maylz · /aɪm ˈbɛrid ɪn ˈiːmeɪlz/","Tôi đang ngập trong email…","Give me a moment — I'm buried in emails from this morning."],["Let me take that action item","LET-mee-TAKE-that-AK-shun-AI-tum · /lɛt miː teɪk ðæt ˈækʃən ˈaɪtəm/","Để tôi nhận việc đó…","Let me take that action item — I'll follow up with the vendor by Friday."],["It went viral","it-WENT-VI-rul · /ɪt wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl/","Nó lan truyền rộng rãi…","That clip went viral overnight — twenty million views and counting."],["She's got a huge following","sheez-GOT-uh-HYOOJ-FOL-oh-ing · /ʃiːz ɡɒt ə hjuːdʒ ˈfɒloʊɪŋ/","Cô ấy có lượng người theo dõi lớn…","She's got a huge following on TikTok — brands line up to work with her."],["I'll drop you the link","ail-DROP-yoo-thuh-LINK · /aɪl drɒp juː ðə lɪŋk/","Tôi sẽ gửi link cho bạn…","I'll drop you the link to that podcast — it's seriously life-changing."],["Did you scroll past that?","did-yoo-SKROHL-PAST-that · /dɪd juː skroʊl pæst ðæt/","Bạn có lướt qua cái đó không?","Did you scroll past that video about hidden menu tricks? It's wild."],["My Wi-Fi is being terrible","mai-WAI-fai-iz-BEE-ing-TER-uh-bul · /maɪ ˈwaɪfaɪ ɪz ˈbiːɪŋ ˈtɛrɪbəl/","Wi-Fi của tôi đang rất tệ…","Sorry for the lag on the call — my Wi-Fi is being terrible today."],["I need to charge up","ai-NEED-too-CHARJ-UP · /aɪ niːd tuː tʃɑːrdʒ ʌp/","Tôi cần sạc pin…","Hold on, I need to charge up — my phone's at two percent."],["It's all over my feed","its-AWL-OH-ver-mai-FEED · /ɪts ɔːl ˈoʊvər maɪ fiːd/","Tràn ngập trên bảng tin của tôi…","That story is all over my feed — everyone is talking about it."],["That's living rent-free in my head","thats-LIV-ing-RENT-free-in-mai-HED · /ðæts ˈlɪvɪŋ rɛnt friː ɪn maɪ hɛd/","Cứ ám ảnh tôi mãi…","That song is living rent-free in my head since this morning."],["I screen-shotted it","ai-SKREEN-shot-id-it · /aɪ ˈskriːnʃɒtɪd ɪt/","Tôi đã chụp màn hình lại…","I screen-shotted it before they deleted the post — want me to send it to you?"],["It's a hot take","its-uh-HOT-TAKE · /ɪts ə hɒt teɪk/","Đó là quan điểm gây tranh cãi…","That's kind of a hot take, but I get where you're coming from."],["I'm trying to get back into shape","aim-TRAI-ing-too-GET-BAK-IN-SHAPE · /aɪm ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː ɡɛt bæk ˈɪntə ʃeɪp/","Tôi đang cố lấy lại vóc dáng…","I joined a gym last week — I'm trying to get back into shape before summer."],["I hit the gym this morning","ai-HIT-thuh-JIM-THIS-MOR-ning · /aɪ hɪt ðə dʒɪm ðɪs ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/","Tôi tập gym sáng nay…","I hit the gym this morning — leg day, so walking is a challenge."],["I'm feeling under the weather","aim-FEEL-ing-UN-der-thuh-WEH-ther · /aɪm ˈfiːlɪŋ ˈʌndər ðə ˈwɛðər/","Tôi đang cảm thấy không khoẻ…","I might work from home today — I'm feeling a bit under the weather."],["I skipped leg day","ai-SKIPT-LEG-DAY · /aɪ skɪpt lɛɡ deɪ/","Tôi bỏ qua ngày tập chân…","Don't judge me — I skipped leg day again and went for brunch instead."],["I'm on a detox","aim-ON-uh-DEE-toks · /aɪm ɒn ə ˈdiːtɒks/","Tôi đang detox…","No happy hour for me this week — I'm on a detox."],["I'm counting my steps","aim-KOWN-ting-mai-STEPS · /aɪm ˈkaʊntɪŋ maɪ stɛps/","Tôi đang đếm bước chân…","I'm trying to hit ten thousand steps a day — I'm counting my steps obsessively."],["I woke up sore","ai-WOHKT-UP-SOR · /aɪ woʊkt ʌp sɔːr/","Tôi thức dậy bị đau nhức…","I woke up sore all over — that yoga class was harder than it looked."],["I need a mental health day","ai-NEED-uh-MEN-tul-HELTH-DAY · /aɪ niːd ə ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ deɪ/","Tôi cần một ngày nghỉ ngơi cho tâm trí…","I'm calling in sick tomorrow — honestly I just need a mental health day."],["I'm a creature of habit","aim-uh-KREE-cher-ov-HAB-it · /aɪm ə ˈkriːtʃər ɒv ˈhæbɪt/","Tôi là người sống theo thói quen…","I go to the same coffee shop every morning — I'm a creature of habit."],["I pulled a muscle","ai-PULD-uh-MUS-ul · /aɪ pʊld ə ˈmʌsəl/","Tôi bị kéo căng cơ…","I pulled a muscle at the gym and now I can barely move my shoulder."],["I binged the whole season","ai-BINJD-thuh-HOHL-SEE-zun · /aɪ bɪndʒd ðə hoʊl ˈsiːzən/","Tôi xem liền mạch cả mùa…","I binged the whole season over the weekend — no regrets."],["It's so binge-worthy","its-SOH-BINJ-WUR-thee · /ɪts soʊ ˈbɪndʒwɜːrði/","Nó rất đáng xem liên tục…","You haven't seen it yet? It's so binge-worthy — get on it this weekend."],["The plot twist got me","thuh-PLOT-TWIST-got-mee · /ðə plɒt twɪst ɡɒt miː/","Cú twist cốt truyện làm tôi bất ngờ…","I did NOT see that coming — the plot twist in episode six got me completely."],["I'm a huge fan of","aim-uh-HYOOJ-FAN-ov · /aɪm ə hjuːdʒ fæn ɒv/","Tôi là fan lớn của…","I'm a huge fan of anything with psychological thriller elements."],["The soundtrack slaps","thuh-SOWND-trak-SLAPS · /ðə ˈsaʊndtræk slæps/","Nhạc phim rất đỉnh…","The movie itself was meh, but honestly the soundtrack slaps."],["I'm lowkey obsessed","aim-LOH-kee-ob-SEST · /aɪm ˌloʊˈkiː əbˈsɛst/","Tôi đang bị cuốn vào mà không nói ra…","I'm lowkey obsessed with this true crime podcast — it's consuming my life."],["It gave me chills","it-GAVE-mee-CHILZ · /ɪt ɡeɪv miː tʃɪlz/","Nó khiến tôi nổi da gà…","That last scene gave me chills — I had to pause and just sit with it."],["I'm so hyped for","aim-SOH-HIPT-for · /aɪm soʊ haɪpt fɔːr/","Tôi rất hào hứng với…","I'm so hyped for the sequel — I've been waiting three years for this."],["That was a slow burn","that-wuz-uh-SLOH-BURN · /ðæt wɒz ə sloʊ bɜːrn/","Phim/sách đó phát triển chậm nhưng đáng…","The first few episodes are slow, but it's a slow burn — stick with it."],["Totally living up to the hype","TOH-tuh-lee-LIV-ing-UP-too-thuh-HIPE · /ˈtoʊtəli ˈlɪvɪŋ ʌp tuː ðə haɪp/","Hoàn toàn xứng với kỳ vọng…","I was skeptical, but the film is totally living up to the hype."],["It's absolutely freezing","its-AB-suh-loot-lee-FREE-zing · /ɪts ˈæbsəluːtli ˈfriːzɪŋ/","Lạnh cóng luôn…","Bundle up out there — it's absolutely freezing today."],["The weather is all over the place","thuh-WEH-ther-iz-AWL-OH-ver-thuh-PLACE · /ðə ˈwɛðər ɪz ɔːl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs/","Thời tiết thất thường lắm…","Don't bother planning a picnic — the weather is all over the place this week."],["You couldn't ask for better weather","yoo-KUD-unt-ASK-for-BET-er-WEH-ther · /juː ˈkʊdənt æsk fɔːr ˈbɛtər ˈwɛðər/","Không thể đòi hỏi thời tiết đẹp hơn…","Perfect day for a hike — you couldn't ask for better weather."],["It's muggy out","its-MUG-ee-OWT · /ɪts ˈmʌɡi aʊt/","Trời ẩm và nóng bức ngoài kia…","I need a shower already — it's so muggy out today."],["We're in for a storm","wer-IN-for-uh-STORM · /wɪər ɪn fɔːr ə stɔːrm/","Sắp có bão/mưa to đây…","Batten down the hatches — the forecast says we're in for a storm tonight."],["It's gorgeous out","its-GOR-jus-OWT · /ɪts ˈɡɔːrdʒəs aʊt/","Trời đẹp tuyệt vời ngoài kia…","Leave the office for lunch — it's gorgeous out, don't waste it."],["It came out of nowhere","it-CAME-owt-ov-NOH-wair · /ɪt keɪm aʊt ɒv ˈnoʊwɛr/","Nó xuất hiện không báo trước…","We got soaked — that downpour came out of nowhere."],["I am not built for this cold","ai-am-NOT-BILT-for-THIS-KOHLD · /aɪ æm nɒt bɪlt fɔːr ðɪs koʊld/","Tôi không quen với kiểu lạnh này…","Move over, this blanket is mine — I am not built for this cold."],["The sun finally came out","thuh-SUN-FAI-nuh-lee-CAME-OWT · /ðə sʌn ˈfaɪnəli keɪm aʊt/","Mặt trời cuối cùng cũng ló dạng…","Three days of rain and the sun finally came out — everyone's in such a good mood."],["It's the kind of day that makes you feel alive","its-thuh-KAIND-ov-DAY-that-MAKES-yoo-FEEL-uh-LIVE · /ɪts ðə kaɪnd ɒv deɪ ðæt meɪks juː fiːl əˈlaɪv/","Đây là kiểu ngày làm bạn thấy yêu đời…","Blue skies, cool breeze, coffee in hand — it's the kind of day that makes you feel alive."]]

[["to the north of","tuh-thuh-NORTH-ov · /tə ðə nɔːrθ əv/","ở phía bắc của…","To the north of the town centre lies the newly built hospital."],["to the south of","tuh-thuh-SOWTH-ov · /tə ðə saʊθ əv/","ở phía nam của…","To the south of the main road is a newly constructed residential area."],["to the east of","tuh-thuh-EEST-ov · /tə ðə iːst əv/","ở phía đông của…","To the east of the university, a large shopping mall was built."],["to the west of","tuh-thuh-WEST-ov · /tə ðə wɛst əv/","ở phía tây của…","To the west of the park, an industrial zone was established."],["in the northern part of","in-thuh-NOR-thern-PART-ov · /ɪn ðə ˈnɔːrðərn pɑːrt əv/","ở phần phía bắc của…","In the northern part of the map, a school and library are visible."],["in the southern section of","in-thuh-SUH-thern-SEK-shun-ov · /ɪn ðə ˈsʌðərn ˈsɛkʃən əv/","ở khu vực phía nam của…","In the southern section of the town, farmland was converted into housing."],["in the north-eastern corner","in-thuh-NORTH-EE-stern-KOR-ner · /ɪn ðə ˌnɔːrθ ˈiːstərn ˈkɔːrnər/","ở góc đông bắc…","In the north-eastern corner of the map, a new motorway interchange was added."],["in the south-western area","in-thuh-SOWTH-WES-tern-AIR-ee-uh · /ɪn ðə ˌsaʊθ ˈwɛstərn ˈɛriə/","ở khu vực tây nam…","In the south-western area, a car park replaced the old warehouse."],["adjacent to","uh-JAY-sunt-too · /əˈdʒeɪsənt tuː/","liền kề, sát cạnh…","The new sports centre is adjacent to the secondary school."],["opposite","OP-uh-zit · /ˈɒpəzɪt/","đối diện với…","Opposite the library, a bus station was constructed."],["alongside","uh-long-SIDE · /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/","cạnh, dọc theo bên…","Alongside the river, a cycle path was constructed in the later plan."],["in the centre of","in-thuh-SEN-ter-ov · /ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər əv/","ở trung tâm của…","In the centre of the map is the old market square."],["on the outskirts of","on-thuh-OWT-skurts-ov · /ɒn ðə ˈaʊtskɜːrts əv/","ở ngoại ô của…","On the outskirts of the city, new industrial areas were developed."],["between X and Y","bih-TWEEN · /bɪˈtwiːn/","giữa X và Y…","Between the town hall and the river, a park was created."],["in the middle of","in-thuh-MID-ul-ov · /ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv/","ở giữa…","In the middle of the residential area, a green space was preserved."],["surrounded by","suh-ROWN-did-bai · /səˈraʊndɪd baɪ/","được bao quanh bởi…","The factory is surrounded by residential zones on three sides."],["bounded by","BOWN-did-bai · /ˈbaʊndɪd baɪ/","được giới hạn bởi…","The old town is bounded by a river to the east and farmland to the west."],["at the corner of","at-thuh-KOR-ner-ov · /æt ðə ˈkɔːrnər əv/","ở góc của…","At the corner of Main Street and Park Road stands the new civic centre."],["situated","SICH-yoo-ay-tid · /ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd/","nằm ở, tọa lạc tại…","The museum is situated in the town centre, next to the library."],["positioned","puh-ZI-shund · /pəˈzɪʃənd/","được định vị, được đặt ở…","A new hotel is positioned near the railway station."],["was constructed","wuz-kun-STRUK-tid · /wəz kənˈstrʌktɪd/","được xây dựng…","A new bridge was constructed across the river in the revised plan."],["was built","wuz-BILT · /wəz bɪlt/","được xây dựng, được dựng lên…","A shopping centre was built in the southern area of the town."],["a new X was added","uh-NYOO-wuz-AD-id · /ə njuː wəz ˈædɪd/","một X mới được thêm vào…","A new car park was added to the east of the supermarket."],["was established","wuz-ih-STAB-lisht · /wəz ɪˈstæblɪʃt/","được thành lập…","A university campus was established in the western part of the town."],["was introduced","wuz-in-truh-DYOOST · /wəz ˌɪntrəˈdjuːst/","được đưa vào, được lắp thêm…","A cycle lane was introduced along the main road."],["was developed","wuz-DEV-uh-lupt · /wəz dɪˈvɛləpt/","được phát triển…","The waterfront area was developed into a tourist district."],["was demolished","wuz-dih-MOL-isht · /wəz dɪˈmɒlɪʃt/","bị phá bỏ, bị đập xuống…","The historic factory was demolished to make way for a car park."],["was removed","wuz-rih-MOOVD · /wəz rɪˈmuːvd/","bị tháo dỡ, bị xóa bỏ…","The old market was removed and replaced by a modern office block."],["was knocked down","wuz-NOKT-DOWN · /wəz nɒkt daʊn/","bị đập đổ…","The derelict warehouse was knocked down to create open green space."],["was cleared","wuz-KLEERD · /wəz klɪrd/","bị dọn sạch…","The farmland to the south was cleared for housing development."],["was replaced by","wuz-rih-PLAYST-bai · /wəz rɪˈpleɪst baɪ/","bị thay thế bởi…","The old factory was replaced by a modern residential complex."],["was converted into","wuz-kun-VER-tid-IN-too · /wəz kənˈvɜːrtɪd ˈɪntə/","được chuyển đổi thành…","The warehouse was converted into a community arts centre."],["gave way to","GAVE-way-too · /ɡeɪv weɪ tuː/","nhường chỗ cho…","The open farmland gave way to a large housing estate."],["was transformed into","wuz-tranz-FORMD-IN-too · /wəz trænsˈfɔːrmd ˈɪntə/","được biến đổi thành…","The riverside area was transformed into a recreational park."],["was turned into","wuz-TURND-IN-too · /wəz tɜːrnd ˈɪntə/","được biến thành…","The railway line was turned into a pedestrian walkway."],["was extended","wuz-ik-STEND-id · /wəz ɪkˈstɛndɪd/","được mở rộng (nối dài)…","The main road was extended into the new suburbs."],["was expanded","wuz-ik-SPAND-id · /wəz ɪkˈspændɪd/","được mở rộng (về diện tích)…","The park was expanded to include sports facilities and a café."],["was enlarged","wuz-in-LARJD · /wəz ɪnˈlɑːrdʒd/","được phóng to, mở rộng quy mô…","The car park was enlarged to accommodate more vehicles."],["was modernised","wuz-MOD-er-nizd · /wəz ˈmɒdərnaɪzd/","được hiện đại hóa…","The airport terminal was modernised with new check-in facilities."],["was relocated","wuz-REE-loh-kayt-id · /wəz ˌriːləʊˈkeɪtɪd/","bị dời sang vị trí khác…","The bus station was relocated to the southern edge of the town."],["was reduced in size","wuz-rih-DYOOST-in-SIZE · /wəz rɪˈdjuːst ɪn saɪz/","bị giảm diện tích…","The green space was reduced in size due to new road construction."],["underwent significant changes","un-der-WENT-sig-NIH-fih-kunt-CHANJE-iz · /ˌʌndərˈwɛnt sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/","trải qua những thay đổi đáng kể…","The town centre underwent significant changes between the two periods."],["remained unchanged","rih-MAYND-un-CHAINJD · /rɪˈmeɪnd ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/","vẫn không thay đổi…","The town hall remained unchanged throughout the period shown."],["was retained","wuz-rih-TAYND · /wəz rɪˈteɪnd/","được giữ lại…","The old park was retained in its original location."],["was preserved","wuz-prih-ZURVD · /wəz prɪˈzɜːrvd/","được bảo tồn…","The historic church was preserved despite the surrounding development."],["continued to exist","kun-TIN-yood-too-ig-ZIST · /kənˈtɪnjuːd tə ɪɡˈzɪst/","tiếp tục tồn tại…","The river and the main road continued to exist in their original positions."],["stayed the same","STAYD-thuh-SAME · /steɪd ðə seɪm/","vẫn giữ nguyên…","The position of the railway station stayed the same in both plans."],["runs along","RUNZ-uh-LONG · /rʌnz əˈlɒŋ/","chạy dọc theo…","The main road runs along the northern boundary of the town."],["extends from X to Y","ik-STENDZ-frum-too · /ɪkˈstɛndz frəm tuː/","kéo dài từ X đến Y…","The new railway extends from the central station to the airport."],["leads to","LEEDZ-too · /liːdz tuː/","dẫn đến, thông ra…","The new path leads to the town centre from the residential zone."],["connects X with Y","kuh-NEKTS-with · /kəˈnɛkts wɪð/","kết nối X với Y…","A new footbridge connects the residential area with the park."],["passes through","PAS-iz-THROO · /ˈpæsɪz θruː/","đi xuyên qua…","The river passes through the centre of the village."],["runs parallel to","RUNZ-PER-uh-lel-too · /rʌnz ˈpærəlɛl tuː/","chạy song song với…","The cycle path runs parallel to the main road."],["intersects with","in-ter-SEKTS-with · /ˌɪntərˈsɛkts wɪð/","giao cắt với…","The new bypass intersects with the old road at the eastern edge."],["spans across","SPANZ-uh-KROS · /spænz əˈkrɒs/","bắc qua, vươn qua…","A new pedestrian bridge spans across the railway line."],["divides the area into","dih-VIEDZ-thuh-AIR-ee-uh-IN-too · /dɪˈvaɪdz ðə ˈɛriə ˈɪntə/","chia khu vực thành…","The river divides the area into two distinct zones."],["runs in a north–south direction","RUNZ-in-uh-NORTH-SOWTH-dih-REK-shun · /rʌnz ɪn ə nɔːrθ saʊθ dɪˈrɛkʃən/","chạy theo hướng bắc–nam…","The main road runs in a north–south direction through the town."],["curves around","KURVZ-uh-ROWND · /kɜːrvz əˈraʊnd/","cong vòng quanh…","The new road curves around the perimeter of the park."],["branches off from","BRANCH-iz-OFF-frum · /ˈbrɑːntʃɪz ɒf frɒm/","tách ra từ, nhánh ra từ…","A side road branches off from the main highway at the junction."],["comparing the two maps","kum-PAIR-ing-thuh-TOO-MAPS · /kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðə tuː mæps/","so sánh hai bản đồ…","Comparing the two maps, it is evident that the town expanded considerably."],["in the earlier/original map","in-thuh-UR-lee-er-MAP · /ɪn ðə ˈɜːrliər ˈmæp/","trên bản đồ trước/gốc…","In the earlier map, the site was occupied by farmland."],["in the later/revised plan","in-thuh-LAY-ter-PLAN · /ɪn ðə ˈleɪtər plæn/","trong bản đồ sau/sửa đổi…","In the later plan, a school and health centre are shown."],["over the period shown","OH-ver-thuh-PEER-ee-ud-SHOWN · /ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpɪriəd ʃoʊn/","trong khoảng thời gian được thể hiện…","Over the period shown, the town grew significantly to the south."],["between X and Y (time)","bih-TWEEN · /bɪˈtwiːn/","từ năm X đến năm Y…","Between 1990 and 2020, the layout of the town changed dramatically."],["the most notable change is","thuh-MOST-NOH-tuh-bul-CHANJE-iz · /ðə moʊst ˈnoʊtəbəl tʃeɪndʒ ɪz/","thay đổi đáng chú ý nhất là…","The most notable change is the demolition of the old factory."],["one striking feature is","wun-STRI-king-FEE-cher-iz · /wʌn ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈfiːtʃər ɪz/","một điểm nổi bật là…","One striking feature is the addition of a large green space in the east."],["whereas previously","WAIR-az-PREE-vee-us-lee · /wɛrˈæz ˈpriːviəsli/","trong khi trước đây…","Whereas previously the land was used for agriculture, it is now residential."],["in contrast to the original plan","in-KON-trast-too-thuh-uh-RIJ-uh-nul-PLAN · /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst tuː ðə əˈrɪdʒɪnəl plæn/","trái ngược với bản đồ ban đầu…","In contrast to the original plan, the road now bypasses the town centre."],["it is clear that","it-iz-KLEER-that · /ɪt ɪz klɪr ðæt/","rõ ràng là…","It is clear that the town underwent substantial development over this period."],["overall","OH-ver-awl · /ˈoʊvərɔːl/","nhìn chung…","Overall, the area became more urbanised and less green."],["the most significant change","thuh-MOST-sig-NIH-fih-kunt-CHANJE · /ðə moʊst sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt tʃeɪndʒ/","thay đổi quan trọng nhất…","The most significant change was the construction of the ring road."],["it is evident that","it-iz-EV-ih-dunt-that · /ɪt ɪz ˈɛvɪdənt ðæt/","hiển nhiên rằng…","It is evident that the planners prioritised transport links over green space."],["in particular","in-per-TIK-yuh-ler · /ɪn pəˈtɪkjʊlər/","đặc biệt là…","In particular, the eastern section of the town was completely redeveloped."],["as a result of this","az-uh-rih-ZULT-ov-THIS · /æz ə rɪˈzʌlt ɒv ðɪs/","do kết quả của điều này…","As a result of this expansion, the original farmland was entirely lost."],["notably","NOH-tuh-blee · /ˈnoʊtəbli/","đáng chú ý…","Notably, the river position remained constant throughout the period."],["with the exception of","with-thuh-ek-SEP-shun-ov · /wɪð ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv/","ngoại trừ…","With the exception of the town hall, most of the old buildings were demolished."],["The maps illustrate","thuh-MAPS-ih-LUS-trayt · /ðə mæps ɪˈlʌstreɪt/","Các bản đồ minh hoạ…","The maps illustrate the changes that took place in the town between 1990 and 2020."],["The plans show","thuh-PLANZ-SHOW · /ðə plænz ʃoʊ/","Các bản vẽ cho thấy…","The plans show how the village developed into a small town over thirty years."],["A comparison of the two maps reveals","uh-kum-PAIR-ih-sun-ov-thuh-TOO-MAPS-rih-VEELZ · /ə kəmˈpærɪsən əv ðə tuː mæps rɪˈviːlz/","Việc so sánh hai bản đồ cho thấy…","A comparison of the two maps reveals significant urban expansion to the south."],["It is apparent that","it-iz-uh-PAIR-unt-that · /ɪt ɪz əˈpærənt ðæt/","Rõ ràng là…","It is apparent that the town underwent considerable change over this period."],["The maps depict","thuh-MAPS-dih-PIKT · /ðə mæps dɪˈpɪkt/","Các bản đồ mô tả…","The maps depict the layout of a university campus before and after redevelopment."],["Overall, the most significant change","OH-ver-awl-thuh-MOST-sig-NIH-fih-kunt-CHANJE · /ˌoʊvərˈɔːl ðə moʊst sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt tʃeɪndʒ/","Nhìn chung, thay đổi quan trọng nhất…","Overall, the most significant change was the construction of a ring road around the town centre."],["In general, the area became more","in-JEN-er-ul-thuh-AIR-ee-uh-bih-CAME-more · /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl ðə ˈɛriə bɪˈkeɪm mɔːr/","Nhìn chung, khu vực trở nên…","In general, the area became more urbanised with fewer green spaces."],["The period saw substantial development","thuh-PEER-ee-ud-SAW-sub-STAN-shul-dih-VEL-up-munt · /ðə ˈpɪriəd sɔː səbˈstænʃəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt/","Giai đoạn này chứng kiến sự phát triển đáng kể…","The period saw substantial development in the northern part of the village."],["Looking at the maps in turn","LUK-ing-at-thuh-MAPS-in-TURN · /ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə mæps ɪn tɜːrn/","Xem xét lần lượt từng bản đồ…","Looking at the maps in turn, it is clear that infrastructure improved significantly."],["The earlier map shows","thuh-UR-lee-er-MAP-SHOWZ · /ðə ˈɜːrliər mæp ʃoʊz/","Bản đồ trước cho thấy…","The earlier map shows a largely rural landscape with few permanent buildings."],["By the time of the second map","bai-thuh-TIME-ov-thuh-SEK-und-MAP · /baɪ ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈsɛkənd mæp/","Đến thời điểm bản đồ thứ hai…","By the time of the second map, the area had been completely transformed."],["The key difference between the two plans","thuh-KEE-DIF-er-uns-bih-TWEEN-thuh-TOO-PLANZ · /ðə kiː ˈdɪfərəns bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː plænz/","Sự khác biệt chính giữa hai bản vẽ…","The key difference between the two plans is the addition of a bypass road."],["a car park","uh-KAR-PARK · /ə kɑːr pɑːrk/","bãi đậu xe…","A car park was built to the west of the shopping centre."],["a pedestrian zone","uh-puh-DES-tree-un-ZOHN · /ə pɪˈdɛstriən zoʊn/","khu vực đi bộ…","The high street was converted into a pedestrian zone."],["a retail area","uh-REE-tayl-AIR-ee-uh · /ə ˈriːteɪl ˈɛriə/","khu vực bán lẻ…","A retail area was developed on the site of the old factory."],["a housing estate","uh-HOW-zing-ih-STAYT · /ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪˈsteɪt/","khu dân cư…","A large housing estate was built to the south of the river."],["a sports centre","uh-SPORTS-SEN-ter · /ə spɔːrts ˈsɛntər/","trung tâm thể thao…","A sports centre was constructed adjacent to the school."],["a community centre","uh-kuh-MYOO-nih-tee-SEN-ter · /ə kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɛntər/","trung tâm cộng đồng…","The old warehouse was converted into a community centre."],["a cycle path","uh-SI-kul-PATH · /ə ˈsaɪkəl pɑːθ/","đường dành cho xe đạp…","A cycle path was introduced along the northern bank of the river."],["a ring road","uh-RING-ROAD · /ə rɪŋ roʊd/","đường vành đai…","A ring road was built around the town to reduce traffic congestion."],["a bypass","uh-BAI-pas · /ə ˈbaɪpæs/","đường vòng tránh…","A bypass was constructed to divert traffic away from the town centre."],["a footbridge","uh-FUT-brij · /ə ˈfʊtbrɪdʒ/","cầu đi bộ…","A footbridge was added across the river for pedestrians."],["a roundabout","uh-ROWN-duh-bowt · /ə ˈraʊndəbaʊt/","vòng xuyến…","A roundabout replaced the old junction at the northern end of the high street."],["an open green space","an-OH-pun-GREEN-SPACE · /ən ˈoʊpən ɡriːn speɪs/","không gian xanh mở…","An open green space was created between the two residential blocks."],["a leisure complex","uh-LEE-zhur-KOM-pleks · /ə ˈlɛʒər ˈkɒmplɛks/","khu phức hợp giải trí…","A leisure complex was built on the eastern edge of the town."],["a medical centre","uh-MED-ih-kul-SEN-ter · /ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛntər/","trung tâm y tế…","A medical centre was established to serve the new residential area."],["an office block","an-OF-is-BLOK · /ən ˈɒfɪs blɒk/","tòa nhà văn phòng…","An office block replaced the derelict warehouse near the station."],["a multi-storey car park","uh-MUL-tee-STOR-ee-KAR-PARK · /ə ˌmʌlti ˈstɔːri kɑːr pɑːrk/","bãi đậu xe nhiều tầng…","A multi-storey car park was built beside the new shopping mall."],["a railway station","uh-RAIL-way-STAY-shun · /ə ˈreɪlweɪ ˈsteɪʃən/","ga tàu hoả…","The railway station was relocated to the south-western corner of the town."],["a hotel","uh-hoh-TEL · /ə hoʊˈtɛl/","khách sạn…","A hotel was constructed near the waterfront to attract tourists."],["a supermarket","uh-SOO-per-mar-kit · /ə ˈsuːpərmɑːrkɪt/","siêu thị…","A supermarket replaced the row of small shops on the main road."],["a play area","uh-PLAY-AIR-ee-uh · /ə pleɪ ˈɛriə/","khu vui chơi…","A play area for children was added next to the new school."],["a car showroom","uh-KAR-SHOW-room · /ə kɑːr ˈʃoʊruːm/","phòng trưng bày ô tô…","A car showroom was built on the site of the former petrol station."],["a nature reserve","uh-NAY-cher-rih-ZURV · /ə ˈneɪtʃər rɪˈzɜːrv/","khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên…","A nature reserve was established along the southern riverbank."],["an industrial unit","an-in-DUS-tree-ul-YOO-nit · /ən ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˈjuːnɪt/","xưởng công nghiệp nhỏ…","Several industrial units were built on the outskirts to attract businesses."],["a branch road","uh-BRANCH-ROAD · /ə brɑːntʃ roʊd/","đường nhánh…","A branch road was added to connect the estate to the main highway."],["a town square","uh-TOWN-SKWAIR · /ə taʊn skwɛr/","quảng trường trung tâm…","The old car park was redeveloped into a town square with seating and trees."],["is planned to be built","iz-PLAND-too-bee-BILT · /ɪz plænd tuː biː bɪlt/","dự kiến sẽ được xây dựng…","A new school is planned to be built to the east of the housing estate."],["is proposed","iz-pruh-POHZD · /ɪz prəˈpoʊzd/","được đề xuất…","A new roundabout is proposed at the northern junction."],["is due to be constructed","iz-DYOO-too-bee-kun-STRUK-tid · /ɪz djuː tuː biː kənˈstrʌktɪd/","sắp được xây dựng…","A retail park is due to be constructed on the brownfield site."],["the proposed development","thuh-pruh-POHZD-dih-VEL-up-munt · /ðə prəˈpoʊzd dɪˈvɛləpmənt/","dự án phát triển được đề xuất…","The proposed development includes a school, a park and a community centre."],["the planned layout","thuh-PLAND-LAY-owt · /ðə plænd ˈleɪaʊt/","bố cục được lên kế hoạch…","The planned layout shows a clear separation between residential and commercial zones."],["according to the revised plan","uh-KOR-ding-too-thuh-rih-VIZD-PLAN · /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə rɪˈvaɪzd plæn/","theo bản vẽ sửa đổi…","According to the revised plan, the factory will be demolished."],["will be replaced by","wil-bee-rih-PLAYST-bai · /wɪl biː rɪˈpleɪst baɪ/","sẽ được thay thế bởi…","The open land to the east will be replaced by a housing development."],["will be extended to","wil-bee-ik-STEN-did-too · /wɪl biː ɪkˈstɛndɪd tuː/","sẽ được kéo dài đến…","The main road will be extended to reach the new residential area."],["is set to be demolished","iz-SET-too-bee-dih-MOL-isht · /ɪz sɛt tuː biː dɪˈmɒlɪʃt/","sắp bị phá bỏ…","The old cinema is set to be demolished to make way for apartments."],["a new X is to be added","uh-NYOO-iz-too-bee-AD-id · /ə njuː ɪz tuː biː ˈædɪd/","một X mới sẽ được bổ sung…","A new pedestrian bridge is to be added across the canal."],["the revised map shows","thuh-rih-VIZD-MAP-SHOWZ · /ðə rɪˈvaɪzd mæp ʃoʊz/","bản đồ sửa đổi cho thấy…","The revised map shows a bypass road around the town centre."],["in the proposed plan","in-thuh-pruh-POHZD-PLAN · /ɪn ðə prəˈpoʊzd plæn/","trong bản vẽ đề xuất…","In the proposed plan, the school is moved to a larger site further north."],["the development includes","thuh-dih-VEL-up-munt-in-KLOODZ · /ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪnˈkluːdz/","dự án bao gồm…","The development includes a shopping centre, a hotel, and a leisure facility."],["is to be converted into","iz-too-bee-kun-VER-tid-IN-too · /ɪz tuː biː kənˈvɜːrtɪd ˈɪntə/","sẽ được chuyển đổi thành…","The warehouse is to be converted into luxury apartments."],["the new layout incorporates","thuh-NYOO-LAY-owt-in-KOR-pur-ayts · /ðə njuː ˈleɪaʊt ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪts/","bố cục mới tích hợp…","The new layout incorporates a green corridor running east to west."],["occupies a large area","OK-yuh-piz-uh-LARJ-AIR-ee-uh · /ˈɒkjʊpaɪz ə lɑːrdʒ ˈɛriə/","chiếm diện tích lớn…","The industrial zone occupies a large area in the north-east."],["a small section of","uh-SMAWL-SEK-shun-ov · /ə smɔːl ˈsɛkʃən əv/","một phần nhỏ của…","Only a small section of the original woodland was retained."],["takes up most of","TAYKS-UP-MOST-ov · /teɪks ʌp moʊst əv/","chiếm hầu hết…","Housing takes up most of the western half of the map."],["covers the entire","KUV-erz-thuh-en-TI-er · /ˈkʌvərz ðə ɪnˈtaɪər/","bao phủ toàn bộ…","By 2020, residential development covers the entire southern area."],["is roughly twice the size of","iz-RUF-lee-TWIS-thuh-SIZE-ov · /ɪz ˈrʌfli twaɪs ðə saɪz əv/","có diện tích gần gấp đôi…","The new car park is roughly twice the size of the original."],["a considerably larger area","uh-kun-SID-er-uh-blee-LAR-jer-AIR-ee-uh · /ə kənˈsɪdərəbli ˈlɑːrdʒər ˈɛriə/","một khu vực rộng hơn đáng kể…","The residential zone now covers a considerably larger area than before."],["dominates the northern half","DOM-ih-nayts-thuh-NOR-thern-HALF · /ˈdɒmɪneɪts ðə ˈnɔːrðərn hɑːf/","chiếm ưu thế ở nửa phía bắc…","Industrial land dominates the northern half of the map."],["a narrow strip of","uh-NAIR-oh-STRIP-ov · /ə ˈnæroʊ strɪp əv/","một dải hẹp của…","A narrow strip of farmland remains along the eastern boundary."],["has shrunk considerably","haz-SHRUNK-kun-SID-er-uh-blee · /hæz ʃrʌŋk kənˈsɪdərəbli/","đã thu hẹp đáng kể…","The green belt has shrunk considerably due to suburban expansion."],["was reduced to a fraction of its original size","wuz-rih-DYOOST-too-uh-FRAK-shun · /wəz rɪˈdjuːst tuː ə ˈfrækʃən əv ɪts əˈrɪdʒɪnəl saɪz/","bị thu hẹp xuống còn một phần nhỏ so với ban đầu…","The woodland was reduced to a fraction of its original size by 2020."],["was given over to","wuz-GIV-un-OH-ver-too · /wəz ˈɡɪvən ˈoʊvər tuː/","được chuyển dùng cho…","The eastern farmland was given over to housing."],["was set aside for","wuz-SET-uh-SIDE-for · /wəz sɛt əˈsaɪd fɔːr/","được dành riêng cho…","A large plot was set aside for a new primary school."],["was designated as","wuz-DEZ-ig-nay-tid-az · /wəz ˈdɛzɪɡneɪtɪd æz/","được chỉ định là…","The riverside area was designated as a conservation zone."],["was knocked down to make way for","wuz-NOKT-DOWN-too-MAKE-way-for · /wəz nɒkt daʊn tuː meɪk weɪ fɔːr/","bị đập để nhường chỗ cho…","The old cinema was knocked down to make way for a shopping centre."],["was redeveloped as","wuz-ree-dih-VEL-upt-az · /wəz ˌriːdɪˈvɛləpt æz/","được tái phát triển thành…","The brownfield site was redeveloped as a mixed-use residential complex."],["was left largely untouched","wuz-LEFT-LAR-jlee-un-TUCHT · /wəz lɛft ˈlɑːrdʒli ʌnˈtʌtʃt/","bị để lại gần như nguyên vẹn…","The western woodland was left largely untouched throughout the period."],["was widened","wuz-WI-dund · /wəz ˈwaɪdənd/","được mở rộng (đường)…","The main road was widened to accommodate increased traffic."],["was resurfaced","wuz-ree-SUR-fist · /wəz ˌriːˈsɜːrfɪst/","được trải lại mặt đường…","The car park was resurfaced and expanded."],["was fenced off","wuz-FENST-OFF · /wəz fɛnst ɒf/","bị rào lại…","The construction site was fenced off from the public area."],["was taken over by","wuz-TAY-kun-OH-ver-bai · /wəz ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər baɪ/","bị thay thế hoàn toàn bởi…","The agricultural land was taken over by a new industrial estate."],["in the intervening period","in-thuh-in-ter-VEE-ning-PEER-ee-ud · /ɪn ðə ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ ˈpɪriəd/","trong giai đoạn giữa hai thời điểm…","In the intervening period, the town grew substantially."],["during this time","DYOO-ring-THIS-TIME · /ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðɪs taɪm/","trong thời gian này…","During this time, several major infrastructure projects were completed."],["at the time of the earlier map","at-thuh-TIME-ov-thuh-UR-lee-er-MAP · /æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈɜːrliər mæp/","vào thời điểm của bản đồ trước…","At the time of the earlier map, the site was undeveloped farmland."],["by the end of the period","bai-thuh-END-ov-thuh-PEER-ee-ud · /baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈpɪriəd/","đến cuối giai đoạn…","By the end of the period, housing had replaced most of the green space."],["subsequently","SUB-sih-kwent-lee · /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/","sau đó…","Subsequently, the road network was extended to serve the new suburbs."],["at a later stage","at-uh-LAY-ter-STAJE · /æt ə ˈleɪtər steɪdʒ/","ở giai đoạn sau…","At a later stage, a second bridge was added downstream."],["prior to the development","PRI-er-too-thuh-dih-VEL-up-munt · /ˈpraɪər tuː ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt/","trước khi phát triển…","Prior to the development, the land was entirely agricultural."],["throughout the period shown","throo-OWT-thuh-PEER-ee-ud-SHOWN · /θruːˈaʊt ðə ˈpɪriəd ʃoʊn/","trong suốt giai đoạn được thể hiện…","The river and the church remained throughout the period shown."],["to the north of","to the NORTH of · /tə ðə nɔːθ ɒv/","ở phía bắc của…","The car park is to the north of the town hall."],["to the south of","to the SOUTH of · /tə ðə saʊθ ɒv/","ở phía nam của…","The leisure centre is to the south of the main road."],["to the east of","to the EAST of · /tə ðə iːst ɒv/","ở phía đông của…","The library is to the east of the roundabout."],["to the west of","to the WEST of · /tə ðə wɛst ɒv/","ở phía tây của…","A new park has been designated to the west of the residential area."],["in the north-east corner","in the north-EAST CORner · /ɪn ðə nɔːθ iːst ˈkɔːnər/","ở góc đông bắc…","The sports hall is situated in the north-east corner of the campus."],["in the south-west corner","in the south-WEST CORner · /ɪn ðə saʊθ wɛst ˈkɔːnər/","ở góc tây nam…","The recycling centre is located in the south-west corner of the site."],["directly opposite","diRECTly OPPosite · /dɪˈrɛktli ˈɒpəzɪt/","đối diện thẳng, ngay đối diện…","The pharmacy is directly opposite the post office."],["adjacent to","aJAcent to · /əˈdʒeɪsənt tuː/","liền kề với, tiếp giáp với…","The new café is adjacent to the entrance of the museum."],["at the intersection of","at the interSECtion of · /æt ðə ɪntəˈsɛkʃən ɒv/","tại giao lộ của…","The bus stop is located at the intersection of High Street and Park Road."],["at the junction of","at the JUNCtion of · /æt ðə ˈdʒʌŋkʃən ɒv/","tại điểm giao nhau của…","Turn left at the junction of the two main paths."],["on the outskirts of","on the OUTskirts of · /ɒn ðə ˈaʊtskɜːts ɒv/","ở ngoại ô / rìa của…","The warehouse is on the outskirts of the town centre."],["in the far corner","in the FAR CORner · /ɪn ðə fɑː ˈkɔːnər/","ở góc xa, ở góc tận cùng…","The staff room is in the far corner of the building."],["at the far end of","at the FAR END of · /æt ðə fɑːr ɛnd ɒv/","ở cuối tận cùng của…","The fire exit is at the far end of the corridor."],["is bordered by","is BORdered by · /ɪz ˈbɔːdəd baɪ/","được giáp ranh bởi…","The school grounds are bordered by a residential street to the south."],["is flanked by","is FLANKED by · /ɪz flæŋkt baɪ/","được kẹp hai bên bởi…","The town hall is flanked by a bank on one side and a post office on the other."],["stretches from X to Y","STRETches from X to Y · /ˈstrɛtʃɪz frɒm … tuː/","kéo dài từ X đến Y…","The riverside footpath stretches from the car park to the old bridge."],["runs along","RUNS aLONG · /rʌnz əˈlɒŋ/","chạy dọc theo…","The cycle lane runs along the northern edge of the park."],["runs parallel to","runs PARALlel to · /rʌnz ˈpærəlɛl tuː/","chạy song song với…","The new road runs parallel to the railway line."],["leads to","LEADS to · /liːdz tuː/","dẫn đến, thông đến…","The footpath leads to the main entrance of the sports complex."],["connects X to Y","conNECTS X to Y · /kəˈnɛkts … tuː/","nối X với Y…","A covered walkway connects the two buildings."],["branches off","BRANches OFF · /ˈbrɑːntʃɪz ɒf/","rẽ nhánh ra từ…","A smaller path branches off to the left and leads to the picnic area."],["passes through","PASses THROUGH · /ˈpɑːsɪz θruː/","đi qua, xuyên qua…","The main road passes through the centre of the village."],["is situated","is SITuated · /ɪz ˈsɪtʃueɪtɪd/","được tọa lạc, nằm tại…","The medical centre is situated on the corner of Oak Avenue."],["is designated","is DESiGnated · /ɪz ˈdɛzɪɡneɪtɪd/","được quy hoạch cho, được chỉ định là…","The eastern zone is designated for commercial use."],["is allocated for","is ALlocated FOR · /ɪz ˈæləkeɪtɪd fɔː/","được phân bổ cho, được dành cho…","The northern section is allocated for staff parking."],["houses","HOUses · /ˈhaʊzɪz/","chứa đựng, là nơi đặt (công trình)…","The ground floor houses the reception area and two meeting rooms."],["accommodates","acCOMModates · /əˈkɒmədeɪts/","có sức chứa, bố trí được…","The conference hall accommodates up to three hundred visitors."],["leisure centre","LEIsure CENtre · /ˈlɛʒər ˈsɛntər/","trung tâm vui chơi giải trí…","The leisure centre, which includes a swimming pool, is adjacent to the park."],["car park","CAR PARK · /kɑː pɑːk/","bãi đậu xe…","There is a multi-storey car park to the rear of the shopping centre."],["roundabout","ROUNDabout · /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/","vòng xuyến, bùng binh…","Take the second exit at the roundabout and head north."],["pedestrian crossing","peDEStrian CROSSing · /pəˈdɛstriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ/","vạch sang đường cho người đi bộ…","There is a pedestrian crossing directly in front of the school gates."],["footpath","FOOTpath · /ˈfʊtpɑːθ/","đường đi bộ, lối mòn…","The footpath runs along the river and connects to the high street."],["cycle path","CYcle PATH · /ˈsaɪkəl pɑːθ/","đường dành cho xe đạp…","A dedicated cycle path runs parallel to the main road on the western side."],["overpass","OVerpass · /ˈəʊvəpɑːs/","cầu vượt…","The overpass allows pedestrians to cross the motorway safely."],["underpass","UNderpass · /ˈʌndəpɑːs/","hầm chui, đường hầm bộ hành…","An underpass beneath the railway connects the two halves of the estate."],["is rectangular in shape","is recTANGular in SHAPE · /ɪz rɛkˈtæŋɡjʊlər ɪn ʃeɪp/","có hình chữ nhật…","The main building is rectangular in shape with an entrance facing south."],["is circular","is CIRcular · /ɪz ˈsɜːkjʊlər/","có hình tròn…","The amphitheatre at the centre of the campus is circular."],["is L-shaped","is EL-shaped · /ɪz ɛl ʃeɪpt/","có hình chữ L…","The classroom block is L-shaped, wrapping around the inner courtyard."],["at the rear of","at the REAR of · /æt ðə rɪər ɒv/","ở phía sau của…","The loading bay is at the rear of the warehouse."],["at the front of","at the FRONT of · /æt ðə frʌnt ɒv/","ở mặt tiền của, ở phía trước của…","The main entrance is at the front of the building, facing the high street."],["on the left-hand side","on the LEFT-hand SIDE · /ɒn ðə lɛft hænd saɪd/","ở phía bên tay trái…","The reception desk is on the left-hand side as you enter."],["on the right-hand side","on the RIGHT-hand SIDE · /ɒn ðə raɪt hænd saɪd/","ở phía bên tay phải…","The staircase is on the right-hand side of the main corridor."],["diagonally opposite","diagONally OPPosite · /daɪˈæɡənəli ˈɒpəzɪt/","đối diện theo đường chéo…","The fire station is diagonally opposite the community centre."],["heading north","HEADing NORTH · /ˈhɛdɪŋ nɔːθ/","đi về hướng bắc…","Heading north along the path, you will reach the boathouse."],["facing south","FACing SOUTH · /ˈfeɪsɪŋ saʊθ/","nhìn về phía nam, quay mặt hướng nam…","The main entrance is facing south, overlooking the river."],["on the corner of","on the CORner of · /ɒn ðə ˈkɔːnər ɒv/","ở góc đường…","The pharmacy is on the corner of Station Road and Bridge Lane."],["halfway along","HALFway aLONG · /ˌhɑːfweɪ əˈlɒŋ/","nằm giữa chừng, cách một nửa chiều dài…","The emergency exit is halfway along the eastern corridor."],["at the end of","at the END of · /æt ðə ɛnd ɒv/","ở cuối của…","The conference room is at the end of the hallway on the second floor."],["beyond the","beYOND the · /bɪˈjɒnd ðə/","bên kia, phía sau (vượt qua)…","Beyond the car park, there is a green space reserved for outdoor events."],["just past the","just PAST the · /dʒʌst pɑːst ðə/","ngay sau khi qua khỏi cái…","The café is just past the main entrance on your left."],["opposite side of the road","OPPosite SIDE of the ROAD · /ˈɒpəzɪt saɪd ɒv ðə rəʊd/","phía bên kia đường…","The bus terminal is on the opposite side of the road from the train station."],["set back from the road","set BACK from the ROAD · /sɛt bæk frɒm ðə rəʊd/","lùi vào trong so với mặt đường…","The administrative block is set back from the road behind a row of trees."],["overlooking","overLOOKing · /ˌəʊvəˈlʊkɪŋ/","nhìn ra, trông ra (hướng về)…","The terrace café, overlooking the river, is marked on the north side of the map."],["is enclosed by","is enCLOSED by · /ɪz ɪnˈkləʊzd baɪ/","được bao quanh bởi…","The outdoor market area is enclosed by a low fence on three sides."],["is accessed via","is ACcessed VIa · /ɪz ˈæksɛst ˈvaɪə/","được tiếp cận qua, vào bằng đường…","The loading area is accessed via a side road off the main boulevard."],["forms the boundary of","forms the BOUNdary of · /fɔːmz ðə ˈbaʊndri ɒv/","tạo thành ranh giới của…","The river forms the northern boundary of the site."],["at ground level","at GROUND LEvel · /æt ɡraʊnd ˈlɛvəl/","ở tầng trệt, mặt đất…","The reception and café are both at ground level."],["on the upper floor","on the UPper FLOOR · /ɒn ðə ˈʌpər flɔː/","trên tầng trên…","The administrative offices are on the upper floor, accessible by lift."],["at the northern end of","at the NORthern END of · /æt ðə ˈnɔːðən ɛnd ɒv/","ở đầu phía bắc của…","The sports field is at the northern end of the school campus."],["at the southern tip of","at the SOUthern TIP of · /æt ðə ˈsʌðən tɪp ɒv/","ở mũi / đầu nhọn phía nam của…","The lighthouse is at the southern tip of the peninsula."],["is split into","is SPLIT INto · /ɪz splɪt ˈɪntə/","được chia thành…","The ground floor is split into three separate zones: retail, café, and service."],["occupies the central position","OCcupies the CENtral poSItion · /ˈɒkjʊpaɪz ðə ˈsɛntrəl pəˈzɪʃən/","chiếm vị trí trung tâm…","The fountain occupies the central position in the town square."],["is marked on the map","is MARKED on the MAP · /ɪz mɑːkt ɒn ðə mæp/","được đánh dấu trên bản đồ…","The emergency assembly point is marked on the map near the main gate."],["in the lower left","in the LOWer LEFT · /ɪn ðə ˈləʊər lɛft/","ở góc dưới bên trái…","The car park is visible in the lower left of the map."],["in the upper right","in the UPper RIGHT · /ɪn ðə ˈʌpər raɪt/","ở góc trên bên phải…","The sports pavilion appears in the upper right section of the diagram."],["is separated from X by Y","is SEParated FROM X BY Y · /ɪz ˈsɛpəreɪtɪd frɒm … baɪ/","được tách biệt khỏi X bởi Y…","The car park is separated from the residential zone by a landscaped buffer."],["within walking distance of","within WALKing DIStance of · /wɪˈðɪn ˈwɔːkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns ɒv/","trong khoảng cách đi bộ đến…","The hotel is within walking distance of the town centre."],["is triangular","is triANGular · /ɪz traɪˈæŋɡjʊlər/","có hình tam giác…","The plot of land at the road fork is roughly triangular."],["in the foreground","in the FOREground · /ɪn ðə ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/","ở phía trước, phần tiền cảnh…","The main reception is visible in the foreground of the map, near the entrance."],["in the background","in the BACKground · /ɪn ðə ˈbækɡraʊnd/","ở phía sau, hậu cảnh…","The storage facility is shown in the background, behind the main complex."],["town hall","TOWN HALL · /taʊn hɔːl/","tòa thị chính, ủy ban nhân dân thị trấn…","The town hall is situated in the central square, opposite the bank."],["junction","JUNCtion · /ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/","ngã tư, điểm giao cắt đường…","The hotel is at the junction of Market Street and Canal Road."]]

[["valve","VALV · /vælv/","van điều tiết dòng chảy hoặc áp suất","The valve at the top controls the flow of steam into the turbine chamber."],["inlet","IN-let · /ˈɪnlɛt/","cửa vào, nơi chất lỏng hoặc khí đi vào hệ thống","Water enters through the inlet at the base of the filtration unit."],["outlet","OWT-let · /ˈaʊtlɛt/","cửa ra hoặc thoát, nơi chất lỏng hoặc khí rời hệ thống","The treated water exits via the outlet pipe on the right-hand side."],["shaft","SHAFT · /ʃɑːft/","trục truyền động, thanh kim loại dài truyền lực quay","The rotating shaft connects the turbine to the generator above it."],["piston","PIS-tun · /ˈpɪstən/","pít-tông, bộ phận chuyển động lên xuống trong xi-lanh","As the piston moves downward, it compresses the air inside the cylinder."],["nozzle","NOZ-ul · /ˈnɒzəl/","vòi phun, đầu ống hẹp tạo áp lực cho dòng chảy","High-pressure water is sprayed through the nozzle onto the filter bed."],["membrane","MEM-brayn · /ˈmɛmbreɪn/","màng lọc, ngăn cách hai vùng hoặc lọc chất","The semi-permeable membrane allows water molecules to pass but blocks contaminants."],["turbine","TUR-byn · /ˈtɜːrbaɪn/","tua-bin, guồng quay chuyển đổi năng lượng dòng chảy thành điện","Steam from the boiler drives the turbine, which spins the generator."],["pump","PUMP · /pʌmp/","máy bơm, thiết bị đẩy chất lỏng hoặc khí","The pump on the left transfers water from the storage tank to the treatment unit."],["filter","FIL-ter · /ˈfɪltər/","bộ lọc, loại bỏ tạp chất khỏi chất lỏng hoặc khí","Sand and gravel in the filter remove suspended particles from the water."],["reservoir","REZ-er-vwar · /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/","bể chứa, hồ chứa nước hoặc chất lỏng quy mô lớn","The reservoir at the top supplies water to the treatment plant below."],["chamber","CHAYM-ber · /ˈtʃeɪmbər/","buồng chứa hoặc buồng phản ứng trong máy hoặc thiết bị","Gases produced in the combustion chamber are directed upward through the flue."],["duct","DUKT · /dʌkt/","ống dẫn khí hoặc chất lỏng, thường hình chữ nhật","Hot air is distributed through ducts running beneath the floor panels."],["conduit","KON-dyoo-it · /ˈkɒndjʊɪt/","ống bảo vệ dây điện hoặc ống dẫn chất lỏng","Electrical conduits run through the walls to protect the wiring inside."],["housing","HOW-zing · /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/","vỏ bọc ngoài bảo vệ bộ phận bên trong của máy móc","The motor housing protects the internal components from dust and moisture."],["gear","GEER · /ɡɪər/","bánh răng truyền lực và thay đổi tốc độ quay","The large gear at the base reduces the rotational speed of the motor shaft."],["lever","LEV-er · /ˈliːvər/","đòn bẩy, thanh cứng dùng để khuếch đại lực","Pressing the lever downward releases the locking mechanism on the right."],["pulley","PUL-ee · /ˈpʊli/","ròng rọc, bánh có rãnh để truyền lực qua dây hoặc đai","The pulley system at the top redirects the cable to lift the platform."],["conveyor belt","kun-VAY-or-BELT · /kənˈveɪər bɛlt/","băng tải vận chuyển vật liệu qua các giai đoạn sản xuất","Raw materials are placed on the conveyor belt and moved to the processing unit."],["funnel","FUN-ul · /ˈfʌnəl/","phễu hứng và hướng chất lỏng hoặc bột vào miệng hẹp","Molten glass pours through the funnel into the mould at the bottom."],["boiler","BOY-ler · /ˈbɔɪlər/","nồi hơi tạo hơi nước từ nhiệt để cung cấp cho tua-bin","Water in the boiler is heated to produce high-pressure steam."],["compressor","kum-PRES-er · /kəmˈprɛsər/","máy nén, tăng áp suất của khí hoặc chất lỏng","The compressor increases air pressure before it enters the combustion chamber."],["generator","JEN-er-ay-ter · /ˈdʒɛnəreɪtər/","máy phát điện, chuyển đổi năng lượng cơ học thành điện","The generator converts the rotational energy of the turbine into electricity."],["coil","KOYL · /kɔɪl/","cuộn dây hoặc ống xoắn để trao đổi nhiệt hoặc dẫn điện","Cooling coils surround the reactor vessel to maintain a constant temperature."],["grille","GRIL · /ɡrɪl/","lưới tản nhiệt hoặc tấm chắn có lỗ cho phép không khí lưu thông","Air enters through the grille at the front and passes over the heat exchanger."],["vent","VENT · /vɛnt/","lỗ thông gió hoặc van xả khí thừa ra ngoài","The vent at the top allows excess steam to escape safely."],["chimney flue","CHIM-nee-FLOO · /ˈtʃɪmni fluː/","ống khói dẫn khí thải ra ngoài tòa nhà hoặc máy công nghiệp","Combustion gases rise through the chimney flue and are released at the top."],["sluice gate","SLOOS-GAYT · /sluːs ɡeɪt/","cổng cống điều tiết dòng chảy trong hệ thống thủy lợi","Opening the sluice gate allows water to flow from the upper channel to the lower basin."],["weir","WEER · /wɪər/","đập tràn thấp kiểm soát mực nước trong kênh hoặc sông","Water flows over the weir and falls into the settling tank below."],["drum","DRUM · /drʌm/","thùng trống hoặc tang trống dùng để cuộn cáp hoặc chứa vật liệu","The cable is wound around the drum, which rotates as the crane lifts the load."],["overflow pipe","OH-ver-floh-PYP · /ˈoʊvərfloʊ paɪp/","ống tràn ngăn mực nước vượt quá mức cho phép","The overflow pipe prevents the tank from flooding by diverting excess water."],["inlet pipe","IN-let-PYP · /ˈɪnlɛt paɪp/","ống dẫn chất lỏng vào bể hoặc thiết bị xử lý","Cold water enters the system through the inlet pipe at the lower left."],["discharge pipe","DIS-charj-PYP · /ˈdɪstʃɑːrdʒ paɪp/","ống xả, dẫn chất lỏng hoặc khí đã xử lý ra ngoài","Treated effluent is released through the discharge pipe into the river."],["heat exchanger","HEET-ex-CHAYN-jer · /hiːt ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒər/","thiết bị trao đổi nhiệt giữa hai dòng chất lỏng hoặc khí","The heat exchanger transfers warmth from the exhaust gases to the incoming water."],["rotor","ROH-ter · /ˈroʊtər/","rô-to, bộ phận quay trong động cơ điện hoặc máy phát","As the rotor spins within the magnetic field, it generates an electric current."],["electrode","ih-LEK-trohd · /ɪˈlɛktroʊd/","điện cực dẫn điện vào hoặc ra khỏi dung dịch hoặc khí","Bubbles of hydrogen form at the negative electrode during electrolysis."],["aeration tank","air-AY-shun-TANK · /ɛərˈeɪʃən tæŋk/","bể sục khí bổ sung oxy cho quá trình xử lý nước thải","In the aeration tank, oxygen is pumped in to support bacterial decomposition."],["settling tank","SET-ling-TANK · /ˈsɛtlɪŋ tæŋk/","bể lắng để cặn bã chìm xuống đáy trước khi lọc tiếp","Solid particles sink to the bottom of the settling tank and are removed as sludge."],["sludge","SLUJ · /slʌdʒ/","bùn cặn lắng đọng trong quá trình xử lý nước thải","The sludge collected at the base is pumped to the digester for further treatment."],["digester","dy-JES-ter · /daɪˈdʒɛstər/","bể phân hủy vi sinh, xử lý bùn cặn tạo biogas","Bacteria in the digester break down the sludge and produce biogas as a by-product."],["clarifier","KLAIR-ih-fy-er · /ˈklærɪfaɪər/","bể làm trong nước, loại bỏ các hạt lơ lửng","The clarifier removes fine particles before the water proceeds to chlorination."],["chlorination tank","KLOR-ih-NAY-shun-TANK · /ˌklɔːrɪˈneɪʃən tæŋk/","bể khử trùng bằng clo trong quy trình xử lý nước sạch","Chlorine is added in the chlorination tank to kill any remaining bacteria."],["pressure gauge","PRESH-er-GAYJ · /ˈprɛʃər ɡeɪdʒ/","đồng hồ đo áp suất trong đường ống hoặc bồn chứa","The pressure gauge on the left shows the operating pressure inside the boiler."],["flows into","FLOHZ-IN-too · /floʊz ˈɪntuː/","chảy vào (mô tả hướng dòng chảy trong sơ đồ)","Rainwater flows into the collection tank via the channel on the left."],["passes through","PAH-sez-THROO · /ˈpæsɪz θruː/","đi qua (bộ phận hoặc giai đoạn tiếp theo)","The liquid passes through three filtration stages before reaching the storage tank."],["is converted to","iz-kun-VUR-tid-TOO · /ɪz kənˈvɜːrtɪd tuː/","được chuyển đổi thành (thay đổi dạng hoặc chất)","Heat energy is converted to mechanical energy as the steam expands."],["undergoes","UN-der-gohz · /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊz/","trải qua quá trình biến đổi hoặc xử lý","The mixture undergoes a chemical reaction inside the pressurised vessel."],["is heated","iz-HEED-id · /ɪz ˈhiːtɪd/","được đun nóng trong quy trình","The water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius in the boiler."],["is cooled","iz-KOOLD · /ɪz kuːld/","được làm lạnh trong quy trình","Steam is cooled in the condenser and returned to liquid form."],["circulates","SUR-kyoo-layts · /ˈsɜːrkjʊleɪts/","tuần hoàn, chuyển động theo vòng khép kín","Coolant circulates continuously between the reactor core and the heat exchanger."],["evaporates","ih-VAP-er-ayts · /ɪˈvæpəreɪts/","bốc hơi, chuyển từ dạng lỏng sang khí","Water evaporates from the ocean surface and rises into the atmosphere."],["condenses","kun-DEN-sez · /kənˈdɛnsɪz/","ngưng tụ, chuyển từ hơi sang lỏng khi gặp lạnh","Water vapour condenses on the cool surface and drips into the collection tray."],["is filtered","iz-FIL-terd · /ɪz ˈfɪltərd/","được lọc để loại bỏ tạp chất hoặc hạt rắn","The water is filtered through a bed of sand and activated carbon."],["is pumped","iz-PUMPT · /ɪz pʌmpt/","được bơm để di chuyển chất lỏng lên cao hoặc sang khu vực khác","Treated water is pumped to the elevated storage tank for distribution."],["is generated","iz-JEN-er-ay-tid · /ɪz ˈdʒɛnəreɪtɪd/","được tạo ra (điện, nhiệt, khí)","Electricity is generated as the turbine blades spin within the magnetic field."],["is released","iz-rih-LEEST · /ɪz rɪˈliːst/","được giải phóng hoặc thải ra môi trường","Carbon dioxide is released through the chimney once combustion is complete."],["is absorbed","iz-ab-ZORBD · /ɪz əbˈzɔːrbd/","được hấp thụ bởi vật liệu hoặc sinh vật","Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants during the process of photosynthesis."],["is compressed","iz-kum-PREST · /ɪz kəmˈprɛst/","được nén, giảm thể tích và tăng áp suất","Air is compressed by the piston before being ignited in the combustion chamber."],["is extracted","iz-ex-TRAK-tid · /ɪz ɪkˈstræktɪd/","được chiết xuất hoặc lấy ra khỏi hỗn hợp","Oil is extracted from the seed by pressing it through a series of rollers."],["is treated","iz-TREET-id · /ɪz ˈtriːtɪd/","được xử lý bằng hóa chất hoặc quy trình kỹ thuật","Wastewater is treated before being discharged back into the river."],["is discharged","iz-dis-CHARJD · /ɪz dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒd/","được xả ra sau khi xử lý xong","Clean water is discharged through the outlet pipe into the distribution network."],["is collected","iz-kuh-LEK-tid · /ɪz kəˈlɛktɪd/","được thu gom và tập trung vào một nơi","Runoff is collected in the basin at the base of the slope."],["is stored","iz-STORD · /ɪz stɔːrd/","được lưu trữ trong bình, bể hoặc kho","The biogas produced is stored in the cylindrical tank on the right."],["is mixed","iz-MIKST · /ɪz mɪkst/","được trộn đều với chất khác","The raw materials are mixed in the rotating drum at the start of the process."],["is separated","iz-SEP-er-ay-tid · /ɪz ˈsɛpəreɪtɪd/","được tách ra thành các thành phần riêng biệt","Oil and water are separated in the centrifuge at the top of the diagram."],["is refined","iz-rih-FYND · /ɪz rɪˈfaɪnd/","được tinh chế để nâng cao độ thuần khiết","Crude oil is refined in the distillation column to produce different fuels."],["is recycled","iz-ree-SY-kuld · /ɪz ˌriːˈsaɪkəld/","được tái chế và đưa trở lại quy trình","The cooled water is recycled back to the boiler to be reheated."],["rises","RY-zez · /ˈraɪzɪz/","dâng lên, di chuyển lên phía trên","Hot gas rises through the column and is collected at the top."],["descends","dih-SENDZ · /dɪˈsɛndz/","đi xuống, di chuyển xuống phía dưới","The denser cold water descends to the bottom of the tank."],["accumulates","uh-KYOO-myoo-layts · /əˈkjuːmjʊleɪts/","tích tụ dần dần theo thời gian","Sediment accumulates at the base of the settling chamber over time."],["precipitates","prih-SIP-ih-tayts · /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪts/","kết tủa rơi xuống dưới hoặc mưa xuống đất","Calcium carbonate precipitates out of the solution when the pH rises."],["is deposited","iz-dih-POZ-ih-tid · /ɪz dɪˈpɒzɪtɪd/","được lắng đọng hoặc tích tụ tại một nơi","Sand and gravel are deposited on the riverbed as the current slows."],["drives","DRYVZ · /draɪvz/","làm quay hoặc cung cấp động lực cho bộ phận khác","The pressurised steam drives the turbine blades at high speed."],["generates electricity","JEN-er-ayts-ee-LEK-TRIS-ih-tee · /ˈdʒɛnəreɪts ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/","tạo ra điện từ các dạng năng lượng khác","The rotating shaft generates electricity as it passes through the magnetic field."],["is fed into","iz-FED-IN-too · /ɪz fɛd ˈɪntuː/","được đưa vào thiết bị hoặc giai đoạn tiếp theo","Raw materials are fed into the furnace at the top of the diagram."],["is drawn from","iz-DRAWN-FRUM · /ɪz drɔːn frʌm/","được lấy ra hoặc hút ra từ nguồn","Water is drawn from the underground aquifer by the pump station."],["returns to","rih-TURNZ-TOO · /rɪˈtɜːrnz tuː/","trở lại điểm ban đầu hoặc giai đoạn trước","The cooled condensate returns to the boiler to be heated again."],["exits via","EK-sits-VY-uh · /ˈɛɡzɪts ˈvaɪə/","thoát ra thông qua đường dẫn cụ thể","Purified air exits via the chimney on the upper right of the diagram."],["is directed toward","iz-dih-REK-tid-tuh-WORD · /ɪz dɪˈrɛktɪd tɔːrd/","được hướng về phía hoặc đến một điểm cụ thể","The flow is directed toward the collection point at the base of the slope."],["is transformed","iz-trans-FORMD · /ɪz trænsˈfɔːrmd/","được biến đổi sang dạng hoặc trạng thái khác","Solar energy is transformed into electrical energy by the photovoltaic cells."],["is injected","iz-in-JEK-tid · /ɪz ɪnˈdʒɛktɪd/","được bơm vào dưới áp lực cao","Steam is injected into the cylinder to push the piston downward."],["is channelled through","iz-CHAN-uld-THROO · /ɪz ˈtʃænəld θruː/","được dẫn qua kênh hoặc ống dẫn định hướng","Rainwater is channelled through the gutter and into the drain below."],["is diverted","iz-dih-VUR-tid · /ɪz daɪˈvɜːrtɪd/","được chuyển hướng sang đường dẫn khác","Excess water is diverted through a bypass channel to prevent flooding."],["cross-section","KROS-SEK-shun · /ˈkrɒs ˌsɛkʃən/","mặt cắt ngang, hình chiếu khi cắt đôi vật thể","The cross-section of the volcano shows the magma chamber below the crater."],["cutaway view","KUT-uh-way-VYOO · /ˈkʌtəweɪ vjuː/","hình cắt bóc, loại bỏ phần ngoài để thấy bên trong","The cutaway view reveals the internal structure of the engine."],["schematic","skee-MAT-ik · /skɪˈmætɪk/","sơ đồ nguyên lý đơn giản hóa, không theo tỷ lệ thực","The schematic shows how the components are connected in the system."],["stratum","STRAY-tum · /ˈstreɪtəm/","địa tầng, lớp đất hoặc đá tích tụ theo thời gian","Each stratum in the cliff face represents a different geological period."],["bedrock","BED-rok · /ˈbɛdrɒk/","đá gốc, lớp đá cứng nằm sâu nhất bên dưới đất","The foundation of the building must reach the bedrock for structural stability."],["topsoil","TOP-soyl · /ˈtɒpsɔɪl/","tầng đất mặt, giàu chất hữu cơ và vi sinh vật","The topsoil layer at the surface supports plant roots and soil organisms."],["subsoil","SUB-soyl · /ˈsʌbsɔɪl/","đất dưới lớp mặt, ít màu mỡ hơn topsoil","Below the topsoil is the subsoil, which contains fewer organic materials."],["aquifer","AK-wih-fer · /ˈækwɪfər/","tầng chứa nước ngầm, đất đá thấm nước","The aquifer beneath the valley supplies drinking water to the surrounding towns."],["fault line","FAWLT-LYN · /fɔːlt laɪn/","đứt gãy địa chất, ranh giới giữa hai mảng đất đá","The fault line runs diagonally across the diagram from top left to bottom right."],["sediment","SED-ih-ment · /ˈsɛdɪmənt/","trầm tích, vật liệu lắng đọng bởi nước, gió hoặc băng","Layers of sediment build up on the ocean floor over millions of years."],["erosion","ih-ROH-zhun · /ɪˈroʊʒən/","xói mòn, quá trình địa hình bị mài mòn do nước, gió","Coastal erosion has removed several metres of cliff over the past decade."],["deposition","dep-oh-ZI-shun · /ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən/","bồi tụ, vật liệu bị cuốn theo và lắng đọng ở nơi mới","River deposition creates flat floodplains and deltas at the mouth."],["igneous rock","IG-nee-us-ROK · /ˈɪɡniəs rɒk/","đá mác-ma, hình thành từ magma nguội lạnh","Igneous rock forms as magma cools and solidifies either underground or on the surface."],["metamorphic rock","met-uh-MOR-fik-ROK · /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːrfɪk rɒk/","đá biến chất, hình thành dưới áp suất và nhiệt cao","Limestone is transformed into metamorphic rock under intense heat and pressure."],["sedimentary rock","sed-ih-MEN-ter-ee-ROK · /ˌsɛdɪˈmɛntəri rɒk/","đá trầm tích, hình thành từ các lớp vật liệu nén lại","Sedimentary rock forms in distinct horizontal layers that can be seen in cliff faces."],["magma","MAG-muh · /ˈmæɡmə/","mác-ma, đá nóng chảy bên dưới vỏ Trái Đất","Magma rises through cracks in the crust and erupts as lava at the surface."],["crater","KRAY-ter · /ˈkreɪtər/","miệng núi lửa, hố lõm ở đỉnh núi lửa","The diagram shows the crater at the summit connected to the magma chamber below."],["continental shelf","kon-tih-NEN-tul-SHELF · /ˌkɒntɪˈnɛntəl ʃɛlf/","thềm lục địa, phần đáy biển nông gần bờ","The continental shelf extends gently seaward before dropping to the deep ocean floor."],["watershed","WAW-ter-shed · /ˈwɔːtərʃɛd/","lưu vực, đường chia nước giữa hai hệ thống sông","The watershed separates rainfall that flows east from that flowing west."],["tributary","TRIB-yoo-ter-ee · /ˈtrɪbjʊtɛri/","phụ lưu, nhánh sông nhỏ chảy vào sông chính","The tributary joins the main river at the point marked X on the diagram."],["groundwater","GROWND-waw-ter · /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtər/","nước ngầm, nước tích tụ trong các lớp đất đá thấm","Groundwater slowly filters down through the rock layers to feed the aquifer."],["water table","WAW-ter-TAY-bul · /ˈwɔːtər ˈteɪbəl/","mực nước ngầm, ranh giới giữa đất bão hòa và không bão hòa nước","The water table rises during the wet season as more rainfall infiltrates the ground."],["runoff","RUN-awf · /ˈrʌnɒf/","nước chảy tràn bề mặt không thấm xuống đất","Surface runoff collects in the channel and flows toward the river on the right."],["infiltration","in-fil-TRAY-shun · /ˌɪnfɪlˈtreɪʃən/","thấm, nước mưa thấm xuống đất qua các lỗ hổng","Rainfall that is not absorbed as runoff undergoes infiltration into the soil."],["evapotranspiration","ih-VAP-oh-trans-pir-AY-shun · /ɪˌvæpoʊˌtrænsˌpɪˈreɪʃən/","thoát hơi nước từ cả đất và thực vật kết hợp","Evapotranspiration returns a significant amount of water to the atmosphere."],["condensation","kon-den-SAY-shun · /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/","ngưng tụ, hơi nước chuyển thành giọt lỏng khi gặp lạnh","Condensation occurs when warm moist air rises and cools at higher altitudes."],["precipitation","prih-sip-ih-TAY-shun · /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/","giáng thủy, nước rơi xuống từ khí quyển (mưa, tuyết, mưa đá)","Precipitation falls from the clouds and either runs off or infiltrates the ground."],["carbon cycle","KAR-bun-SY-kul · /ˈkɑːrbən ˈsaɪkəl/","chu trình carbon, vòng tuần hoàn carbon qua khí quyển, đất, sinh vật","The diagram illustrates the carbon cycle, showing how CO2 moves between the atmosphere and biosphere."],["photosynthesis","foh-toh-SIN-thih-sis · /ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθɪsɪs/","quang hợp, cây hấp thụ CO2 và ánh sáng tạo glucose","During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen."],["decomposition","dee-kom-poh-ZI-shun · /ˌdiːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/","phân hủy, vi sinh vật phân giải chất hữu cơ thành chất đơn giản","Decomposition by bacteria releases carbon back into the soil and atmosphere."],["fossilisation","fos-ih-lih-ZAY-shun · /ˌfɒsɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/","hóa thạch, quá trình sinh vật được bảo tồn trong đá","Over millions of years, buried organic matter undergoes fossilisation."],["foundation","fown-DAY-shun · /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/","móng, phần nằm dưới đất chịu toàn bộ trọng lượng công trình","The foundation must be dug deep enough to reach stable ground below the topsoil."],["load-bearing wall","LOHD-BAIR-ing-WAWL · /loʊd ˈbɛərɪŋ wɔːl/","tường chịu lực, không được phá bỏ vì đỡ toàn bộ mái và sàn trên","The load-bearing walls are shown in grey on the cross-sectional diagram."],["partition wall","par-TI-shun-WAWL · /pɑːrˈtɪʃən wɔːl/","tường ngăn phòng, không chịu lực và có thể di dời được","The partition wall between the kitchen and dining room can be removed."],["rafter","RAF-ter · /ˈræftər/","xà mái, thanh nghiêng đỡ mái nhà từ đỉnh xuống tường","The rafters are spaced at 600mm intervals along the length of the roof."],["truss","TRUS · /trʌs/","kết cấu giàn, hệ thống thanh tam giác đỡ mái hoặc sàn","Roof trusses span the full width of the building without intermediate supports."],["eave","EEV · /iːv/","mái hiên, phần mái nhô ra ngoài tường bảo vệ khỏi mưa","The eaves extend 600mm beyond the exterior wall to protect the brickwork."],["lintel","LIN-tul · /ˈlɪntəl/","lanh tô, thanh ngang trên cửa sổ hoặc cửa đỡ tường phía trên","A reinforced concrete lintel spans the top of each window opening."],["sill","SIL · /sɪl/","bậu cửa sổ, phần nằm ngang ở đáy khung cửa sổ","The window sill is angled outward to drain rainwater away from the wall."],["beam","BEEM · /biːm/","dầm ngang đỡ sàn hoặc mái, chịu tải theo chiều ngang","Steel beams span the width of the building and support the floor panels above."],["column","KAW-lum · /ˈkɒləm/","cột thẳng đứng chịu lực từ trên xuống","Concrete columns at each corner support the weight of the upper floors."],["arch","ARCH · /ɑːrtʃ/","vòm cong, cấu trúc phân tán lực ra hai bên xuống trụ","The arch above the doorway transfers the load outward to the supporting pillars."],["buttress","BUT-res · /ˈbʌtrɪs/","trụ chống, cấu kiện nhô ra đỡ tường chịu áp lực ngang","Flying buttresses on the exterior walls support the thin stone walls of the cathedral."],["insulation layer","in-syoo-LAY-shun-LAY-er · /ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən ˈleɪər/","lớp cách nhiệt hoặc cách âm trong tường, sàn, mái","A layer of mineral wool insulation is placed between the plasterboard and the outer brick."],["damp-proof course","DAMP-PROOF-KORS · /dæmp pruːf kɔːrs/","lớp chống thấm trong tường ngăn ẩm mao dẫn từ đất lên","The damp-proof course runs horizontally through the brickwork just above ground level."],["drainage pipe","DRAYN-ij-PYP · /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ paɪp/","ống thoát nước dưới sàn hoặc quanh móng nhà","Drainage pipes beneath the foundation direct groundwater away from the building."],["retaining wall","rih-TAYN-ing-WAWL · /rɪˈteɪnɪŋ wɔːl/","tường chắn đất giữ cho đất không trượt xuống phía thấp hơn","A reinforced retaining wall prevents the embankment from collapsing onto the road."],["cantilever","KAN-tih-lee-ver · /ˈkæntɪliːvər/","kết cấu công xôn, phần sàn hoặc dầm nhô ra không có cột đỡ","The balcony uses a cantilever design, projecting 2 metres beyond the supporting wall."],["suspension cable","sus-PEN-shun-KAY-bul · /səˈspɛnʃən ˈkeɪbəl/","cáp treo đỡ mặt cầu từ các tháp cao","The suspension cables run from the top of each pylon down to the bridge deck below."],["pylon","PY-lon · /ˈpaɪlɒn/","trụ tháp cầu hoặc cột điện cao thế","The main cables are anchored to the pylons at both ends of the bridge."],["deck","DEK · /dɛk/","mặt sàn hoặc mặt cầu, phần người hoặc xe đi trên đó","The bridge deck is suspended from the cables above and supported by the piers below."],["pier","PEER · /pɪər/","trụ cầu, cột đứng trong nước hoặc đất đỡ nhịp cầu","Each pier is sunk 15 metres into the riverbed for maximum stability."],["parapet","PAIR-uh-pet · /ˈpærəpɪt/","tường chắn thấp ở rìa sân thượng, mái nhà hoặc cầu","A low parapet runs along both sides of the bridge to prevent vehicles from falling off."],["dormer window","DOR-mer-WIN-doh · /ˈdɔːrmər ˈwɪndoʊ/","cửa sổ mái, cửa sổ nhô ra từ mặt mái dốc","Dormer windows are built into the sloping roof to bring light into the attic room."],["skylight","SKY-lyt · /ˈskaɪlaɪt/","ô kính trên mái lấy ánh sáng tự nhiên cho phòng phía dưới","A large skylight in the roof floods the stairwell with natural light."],["mezzanine","MEZ-uh-neen · /ˈmɛzəniːn/","tầng lửng, tầng thấp nằm giữa hai tầng chính trong nhà hoặc sảnh","A mezzanine level overlooks the double-height main hall below."],["atrium","AY-tree-um · /ˈeɪtriəm/","sảnh thông tầng, khu vực trung tâm cao xuyên nhiều tầng có mái kính","The six-storey atrium at the centre of the building lets in natural light to all floors."],["flat roof","FLAT-ROOF · /flæt ruːf/","mái bằng, mái nằm ngang hoặc hơi dốc để thoát nước","The flat roof is covered with a waterproof membrane to prevent leaks."],["pitched roof","PITCHT-ROOF · /pɪtʃt ruːf/","mái dốc, mái nhọn hai mái nghiêng về hai phía","A pitched roof with a 30-degree angle allows snow to slide off easily."],["is positioned above","iz-puh-ZI-shund-uh-BUV · /ɪz pəˈzɪʃənd əˈbʌv/","nằm phía trên (mô tả vị trí tương đối trong sơ đồ)","The pump is positioned above the storage tank and feeds water downward by gravity."],["is located below","iz-loh-KAY-tid-bih-LOH · /ɪz loʊˈkeɪtɪd bɪˈloʊ/","nằm phía dưới trong sơ đồ hoặc cấu trúc","The sediment collector is located below the main treatment chamber."],["is situated at the base","iz-SICH-yoo-ay-tid-at-thuh-BAYS · /ɪz ˈsɪtʃuəɪtɪd æt ðə beɪs/","nằm ở đáy hoặc phần thấp nhất của cấu trúc","The outlet valve is situated at the base of the tank to allow complete drainage."],["extends from X to Y","ex-TENDZ-FRUM · /ɪkˈstɛndz frɒm/","kéo dài từ điểm X đến điểm Y","The conveyor belt extends from the loading area on the left to the packaging unit on the right."],["is enclosed by","iz-en-KLOHZD-by · /ɪz ɪnˈkloʊzd baɪ/","được bao quanh hoặc bọc bên ngoài bởi","The reactor core is enclosed by a thick concrete shield for safety."],["adjacent to","uh-JAY-sunt-TOO · /əˈdʒeɪsənt tuː/","liền kề, ngay bên cạnh (không nhất thiết phải tiếp xúc)","The control room is adjacent to the main turbine hall on the right."],["is connected to","iz-kuh-NEK-tid-TOO · /ɪz kəˈnɛktɪd tuː/","được nối liền hoặc liên kết với bộ phận khác bằng ống hoặc dây","The pump is connected to the filter unit by a series of pipes."],["is attached to","iz-uh-TACHT-TOO · /ɪz əˈtætʃt tuː/","được gắn cố định vào bề mặt hoặc bộ phận khác","The pressure gauge is attached to the side of the boiler housing."],["runs along","RUNZ-uh-LONG · /rʌnz əˈlɒŋ/","chạy dọc theo, song song với một cạnh hoặc cạnh dài","A drainage channel runs along the base of the exterior wall."],["protrudes from","proh-TROODZ-FRUM · /proʊˈtruːdz frɒm/","nhô ra từ bề mặt chính của vật thể","A small nozzle protrudes from the top of the pressure vessel."],["is embedded in","iz-em-BED-id-IN · /ɪz ɪmˈbɛdɪd ɪn/","được chôn hoặc gắn chìm vào bên trong vật liệu","Reinforcing steel bars are embedded in the concrete to add tensile strength."],["surrounds","suh-ROWNDZ · /səˈraʊndz/","bao quanh hoàn toàn từ mọi phía","A thick layer of insulation surrounds the central heating pipe."],["is aligned with","iz-uh-LYND-WITH · /ɪz əˈlaɪnd wɪð/","thẳng hàng, cùng trục với bộ phận khác","The outlet opening is aligned with the channel below to ensure smooth flow."],["is perpendicular to","iz-pur-pun-DIK-yoo-ler-TOO · /ɪz ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjʊlər tuː/","vuông góc với (90 độ)","The cross-beam is perpendicular to the main support column."],["is parallel to","iz-PAIR-uh-lel-TOO · /ɪz ˈpærəlɛl tuː/","song song với, không giao nhau dù kéo dài vô tận","The upper and lower pipes run parallel to each other along the length of the wall."],["at the junction of","at-thuh-JUNK-shun-ov · /æt ðə ˈdʒʌŋkʃən əv/","tại điểm giao nhau hoặc nơi hai phần nối lại","The valve is positioned at the junction of the two main pipes."],["on the left-hand side","on-thuh-LEFT-HAND-SYD · /ɒn ðə lɛft hænd saɪd/","ở phía bên trái của sơ đồ (hướng dẫn vị trí thường gặp)","Water enters from the reservoir on the left-hand side of the diagram."],["in the upper portion","in-thuh-UP-er-POR-shun · /ɪn ðə ˈʌpər ˈpɔːrʃən/","ở phần trên của sơ đồ hoặc cấu trúc","The steam collection system is located in the upper portion of the vessel."],["in the lower portion","in-thuh-LOH-er-POR-shun · /ɪn ðə ˈloʊər ˈpɔːrʃən/","ở phần dưới của sơ đồ hoặc cấu trúc","Sediment collects in the lower portion of the settling tank."],["at the outer edge","at-thuh-OW-ter-EJ · /æt ðə ˈaʊtər ɛdʒ/","ở rìa ngoài, xa nhất so với trung tâm","The sealing ring is fitted at the outer edge of the flange."],["at the inner core","at-thuh-IN-er-KOR · /æt ðə ˈɪnər kɔːr/","ở lõi bên trong, phần trung tâm nhất của vật thể","Temperatures at the inner core of the reactor reach several hundred degrees."],["directly beneath","dih-REK-tlee-bih-NEETH · /dɪˈrɛktli bɪˈniːθ/","ngay bên dưới, thẳng xuống phía dưới","The collection tray is positioned directly beneath the nozzle."],["immediately above","ih-MEE-dee-it-lee-uh-BUV · /ɪˈmiːdiətli əˈbʌv/","ngay bên trên, thẳng lên phía trên","The motor is mounted immediately above the pump to minimise pipe length."],["on either side of","on-EE-ther-SYD-ov · /ɒn ˈiːðər saɪd əv/","ở cả hai phía của, đối xứng nhau qua trục trung tâm","Storage chambers are located on either side of the central processing unit."],["halfway along","HALF-way-uh-LONG · /ˈhɑːfweɪ əˈlɒŋ/","ở giữa chiều dài, tại điểm trung điểm","A secondary outlet is positioned halfway along the main pipe."],["toward the front","tuh-WORD-thuh-FRUNT · /tɔːrd ðə frʌnt/","về phía trước trong sơ đồ hoặc hướng nhìn","The control panel is situated toward the front of the machine."],["facing outward","FAY-sing-OWT-werd · /ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈaʊtwərd/","hướng ra phía ngoài, thoát nhiệt hoặc dòng chảy ra ngoài","The exhaust vents are facing outward to expel hot air from the building."],["is suspended from","iz-sus-PEN-did-FRUM · /ɪz səˈspɛndɪd frɒm/","được treo từ phía trên xuống bằng cáp hoặc thanh đỡ","The platform is suspended from the overhead steel frame by four cables."],["rests on","RESTS-ON · /rɛsts ɒn/","đặt tựa lên, chịu đựng bởi bề mặt phía dưới","The entire structure rests on a reinforced concrete raft foundation."],["leads to","LEEDZ-TOO · /liːdz tuː/","dẫn đến điểm tiếp theo trong quy trình hoặc sơ đồ","The pipe on the right leads to the secondary filtration unit."],["is fed by","iz-FED-BY · /ɪz fɛd baɪ/","được cấp nguồn từ bộ phận hoặc nguồn khác","The turbine is fed by high-pressure steam from the boiler."],["branching off from","BRAN-ching-AWF-FRUM · /ˈbræntʃɪŋ ɒf frɒm/","rẽ nhánh từ đường chính ra một hướng mới","A smaller pipe branching off from the main line feeds the secondary circuit."],["at the point where","at-thuh-POYNT-WAIR · /æt ðə pɔɪnt wɛər/","tại điểm mà hai hoặc nhiều thứ gặp nhau hoặc thay đổi","Label the valve at the point where the hot and cold pipes meet."],["in the centre of","in-thuh-SEN-ter-ov · /ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər əv/","ở trung tâm của sơ đồ hoặc cấu trúc","The main control unit is positioned in the centre of the diagram."],["the arrow indicates","thuh-AIR-oh-IN-dih-kayts · /ðə ˈæroʊ ˈɪndɪkeɪts/","mũi tên chỉ ra hướng dòng chảy hoặc chuyển động","The arrow indicates the direction of water flow through the system."],["the shaded area represents","thuh-SHAY-did-AIR-ee-uh-REP-rih-ZENTS · /ðə ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈɛəriə/","vùng tô màu biểu thị vật liệu hoặc khu vực cụ thể","The shaded area represents the zone where sediment accumulates."],["as indicated by the label","az-IN-dih-KAY-tid-by-thuh-LAY-bul · /æz ˈɪndɪkeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈleɪbəl/","như được chỉ ra bởi nhãn trong sơ đồ","As indicated by the label, part A is the primary filtration chamber."],["the dotted line marks","thuh-DOT-id-LYN-MARKS · /ðə ˈdɒtɪd laɪn mɑːrks/","đường chấm đứt thể hiện ranh giới hoặc đường ẩn không nhìn thấy","The dotted line marks the boundary between the two treatment zones."]]

[["first of all","FURST-uv-AWL · /fɜːrst əv ɔːl/","đầu tiên — mở đầu chuỗi bước trong quy trình","First of all, the raw materials are sorted by size at the intake conveyor."],["to begin with","tuh-bih-GIN-WITH · /tə bɪˈɡɪn wɪð/","trước hết — tương tự 'first of all', dùng mở đầu mô tả quy trình","To begin with, water is drawn from the reservoir into the treatment plant."],["initially","ih-NISH-uh-lee · /ɪˈnɪʃəli/","ban đầu — nhấn mạnh đây là giai đoạn khởi đầu","Initially, the samples are labelled and placed in a refrigerated storage unit."],["at the outset","at-thuh-OWT-set · /æt ðə ˈaʊtsɛt/","ngay từ đầu — nhấn mạnh điểm khởi đầu của toàn quy trình","At the outset, applicants must complete an online registration form."],["the process begins with","thuh-PROS-es-bih-GINZ-WITH · /ðə ˈprɒsɛs bɪˈɡɪnz wɪð/","quy trình bắt đầu bằng — giới thiệu bước đầu tiên","The process begins with a quality check of all incoming components."],["the first stage involves","thuh-FURST-STAYJ-in-VOLVZ · /ðə fɜːrst steɪdʒ ɪnˈvɒlvz/","giai đoạn đầu tiên bao gồm — mô tả hành động ở bước một","The first stage involves heating the mixture to exactly 80 degrees."],["starting with","START-ing-WITH · /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ wɪð/","bắt đầu với — connector ngắn gọn mở đầu mô tả","Starting with the leftmost box on the flowchart, applicants submit their documents."],["then","THEN · /ðɛn/","sau đó — connector phổ biến nhất nối hai bước liên tiếp","The liquid is filtered, and then it is pumped into the holding tank."],["next","NEKST · /nɛkst/","tiếp theo — chỉ bước kế tiếp ngay sau","Next, the dried granules are compressed into tablet form."],["after this","AF-ter-THIS · /ˈɑːftər ðɪs/","sau bước này — liên kết bước vừa nói với bước sắp nói","After this, the cooled product is wrapped and labelled for distribution."],["after that","AF-ter-THAT · /ˈɑːftər ðæt/","sau đó — thường dùng thay 'after this' để tránh lặp","The component is tested for defects; after that, it moves to the assembly line."],["following this","FOL-oh-ing-THIS · /ˈfɒloʊɪŋ ðɪs/","tiếp sau đó — mang tính học thuật hơn 'after this'","Following this, the data is analysed by the central computer system."],["subsequently","SUB-sih-kwent-lee · /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/","tiếp theo sau đó — từ học thuật, thường gặp trong flowchart mô tả quy trình phức tạp","The waste is subsequently transferred to an anaerobic digester for further treatment."],["at this point","at-THIS-POYNT · /æt ðɪs pɔɪnt/","tại điểm này trong quy trình — đánh dấu một bước cụ thể","At this point, a supervisor must approve the batch before processing continues."],["at this stage","at-THIS-STAYJ · /æt ðɪs steɪdʒ/","ở giai đoạn này — tương tự 'at this point' nhưng nhấn mạnh giai đoạn dài hơn","At this stage, the mixture is still liquid and must not be disturbed."],["the next step is","thuh-NEKST-STEP-IZ · /ðə nɛkst stɛp ɪz/","bước tiếp theo là — signal trực tiếp nhất cho câu trả lời flowchart sắp đến","The next step is to remove the outer casing before inspection."],["this is then","THIS-iz-THEN · /ðɪs ɪz ðɛn/","sau đó cái này được — thường theo sau bởi passive verb","This is then sealed in an airtight container to prevent contamination."],["moving on to","MOO-ving-ON-too · /ˈmuːvɪŋ ɒn tuː/","chuyển sang — người nói dùng để chuyển sang bước tiếp theo trong bài nghe","Moving on to the second stage, the sorted materials enter the crushing machine."],["the following step","thuh-FOL-oh-ing-STEP · /ðə ˈfɒloʊɪŋ stɛp/","bước tiếp theo — cách nói thay thế cho 'next step'","The following step requires the technician to calibrate the pressure sensor."],["in the next phase","in-thuh-NEKST-FAYZ · /ɪn ðə nɛkst feɪz/","trong giai đoạn tiếp theo — dùng khi quy trình chia phase rõ ràng","In the next phase, quality control teams inspect a random sample of products."],["meanwhile","MEEN-wyl · /ˈmiːnwaɪl/","trong lúc đó — hai việc diễn ra song song cùng lúc","Meanwhile, a separate batch undergoes chemical treatment in the adjacent tank."],["at the same time","at-thuh-SAYM-TYM · /æt ðə seɪm taɪm/","đồng thời — nhấn mạnh sự song song","At the same time, the temperature is monitored continuously by sensors."],["simultaneously","sy-mul-TAY-nee-us-lee · /ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli/","đồng thời — mang tính học thuật, flowchart phức tạp với hai nhánh song song","Two cooling systems operate simultaneously to maintain an even temperature."],["during this stage","DYOOR-ing-THIS-STAYJ · /ˈdjʊərɪŋ ðɪs steɪdʒ/","trong suốt giai đoạn này — điều gì đó xảy ra liên tục trong bước hiện tại","During this stage, the mixture must be stirred constantly to prevent separation."],["concurrently","kun-KUR-ent-lee · /kənˈkɜːrəntli/","đồng thời — dùng khi hai bước chạy song song trong flowchart có hai nhánh","Concurrently, waste gases are collected and redirected to the filtration unit."],["before","bih-FOR · /bɪˈfɔːr/","trước khi — bước cần hoàn thành trước bước hiện tại","Before the water enters the plant, large debris is removed using a mesh screen."],["prior to","PRY-er-TOO · /ˈpraɪər tuː/","trước khi — cách nói học thuật hơn 'before'","Prior to packaging, each unit undergoes a final electrical safety test."],["beforehand","bih-FOR-hand · /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/","trước đó, từ trước — nhấn mạnh bước chuẩn bị sẵn trước","The mould must be heated beforehand to ensure the material sets correctly."],["preceding this","prih-SEED-ing-THIS · /prɪˈsiːdɪŋ ðɪs/","trước đó — bước nào đó đến trước bước này","Preceding this, a digital scan is taken to record the item's original condition."],["once","WUNS · /wʌns/","một khi — điều kiện phải hoàn thành để bước tiếp theo bắt đầu","Once the temperature reaches 200°C, the compound begins to solidify."],["upon","uh-PON · /əˈpɒn/","ngay khi — formal version of 'when' / 'once', dùng với gerund","Upon reaching the required pressure, the valve opens automatically."],["as soon as","az-SOON-az · /æz suːn æz/","ngay khi — nhấn mạnh không có độ trễ giữa hai bước","As soon as the timer reaches zero, the cooling cycle begins."],["when this is complete","WEN-THIS-iz-kum-PLEET · /wɛn ðɪs ɪz kəmˈpliːt/","khi bước này hoàn thành — signal rõ ràng nhất cho bước tiếp theo","When this is complete, the filtered water moves on to the chlorination stage."],["on completion of","on-kum-PLEE-shun-ov · /ɒn kəmˈpliːʃən əv/","sau khi hoàn thành — formal, dùng trong mô tả quy trình hành chính hoặc công nghiệp","On completion of the drying phase, the powder is transferred to storage containers."],["having done this","HAV-ing-DUN-THIS · /ˈhævɪŋ dʌn ðɪs/","sau khi thực hiện xong — tường thuật liên tục trong listening","Having done this, operators seal the chamber and initiate the pressure test."],["finally","FY-nuh-lee · /ˈfaɪnəli/","cuối cùng — bước cuối của quy trình","Finally, the finished product is packed and dispatched to the distribution centre."],["lastly","LAST-lee · /ˈlɑːstli/","cuối cùng — thay thế 'finally' tránh lặp","Lastly, a barcode is attached and the item is logged in the inventory system."],["in the final stage","in-thuh-FY-nul-STAYJ · /ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl steɪdʒ/","trong giai đoạn cuối — signal rõ ràng quy trình sắp kết thúc","In the final stage, the treated water is tested for purity before release."],["ultimately","UL-tih-mit-lee · /ˈʌltɪmɪtli/","cuối cùng — kết quả hoặc sản phẩm cuối của toàn quy trình","Ultimately, the recycled material is compressed into pellets for reuse."],["the process ends with","thuh-PROS-es-ENDZ-WITH · /ðə ˈprɒsɛs ɛndz wɪð/","quy trình kết thúc bằng — signal kết thúc rõ ràng nhất","The process ends with a quality inspection before the goods leave the facility."],["to complete the process","tuh-kum-PLEET-thuh-PROS-es · /tə kəmˈpliːt ðə ˈprɒsɛs/","để hoàn tất quy trình — câu mở đầu cho bước cuối","To complete the process, the sealed containers are stored at a controlled temperature."],["at the end of the process","at-thuh-END-ov-thuh-PROS-es · /æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈprɒsɛs/","ở cuối quy trình — mô tả kết quả đầu ra cuối cùng","At the end of the process, the output is reviewed and recorded in the system."],["this involves","THIS-in-VOLVZ · /ðɪs ɪnˈvɒlvz/","điều này bao gồm / đòi hỏi — mô tả chi tiết bên trong một bước","This involves removing any residual moisture from the surface of the material."],["which requires","WICH-rih-KWY-erz · /wɪtʃ rɪˈkwaɪərz/","yêu cầu, đòi hỏi — giải thích điều kiện của một bước","The next step, which requires specialist equipment, takes approximately two hours."],["this is where","THIS-iz-WAIR · /ðɪs ɪz wɛər/","đây là chỗ / lúc — đánh dấu một điểm quan trọng trong quy trình","This is where the two separate streams merge into a single pipeline."],["leads to","LEEDZ-TOO · /liːdz tuː/","dẫn đến — nguyên nhân dẫn đến kết quả tiếp theo","Overheating leads to a pressure build-up inside the sealed chamber."],["results in","rih-ZULTZ-IN · /rɪˈzʌlts ɪn/","dẫn đến kết quả — nhấn mạnh đầu ra của một hành động","Rapid cooling results in a harder and more durable final product."],["causes","KAW-zez · /ˈkɔːzɪz/","gây ra — nguyên nhân trực tiếp","Excess moisture causes the granules to clump together in the drying drum."],["produces","pruh-DYOO-sez · /prəˈdjuːsɪz/","tạo ra — hành động sinh ra sản phẩm hoặc kết quả","The reaction between the two chemicals produces a gas that is collected above."],["generates","JEN-er-ayts · /ˈdʒɛnəreɪts/","tạo ra — thường dùng với năng lượng, nhiệt, điện","Burning the waste material generates enough heat to power the entire facility."],["triggers","TRIG-erz · /ˈtrɪɡərz/","kích hoạt — nguyên nhân khởi động một chuỗi phản ứng","A rise in temperature triggers an automatic shutdown of the cooling system."],["brings about","BRINGZ-uh-BOWT · /brɪŋz əˈbaʊt/","gây ra, tạo nên — thay thế học thuật cho 'causes'","This chemical reaction brings about a significant change in the pH level."],["gives rise to","GIVZ-RYZ-TOO · /ɡɪvz raɪz tuː/","gây ra — nhấn mạnh sự xuất hiện của điều gì đó mới","The fermentation process gives rise to a by-product that must be filtered out."],["contributes to","kun-TRIB-yoots-TOO · /kənˈtrɪbjuːts tuː/","đóng góp vào / góp phần gây ra — nguyên nhân một phần","Poor sealing contributes to a significant loss of heat in the upper chamber."],["is responsible for","iz-rih-SPON-suh-bul-FOR · /ɪz rɪˈspɒnsɪbəl fɔːr/","chịu trách nhiệm tạo ra / gây ra","The pump at the base is responsible for maintaining pressure throughout the system."],["enables","en-AY-bulz · /ɪˈneɪbəlz/","cho phép, tạo điều kiện để — một bước giúp bước khác xảy ra","The pre-treatment stage enables faster filtration in the subsequent steps."],["allows","uh-LOWZ · /əˈlaʊz/","cho phép — tương tự 'enables' nhưng thông dụng hơn","Cooling the mixture first allows it to be handled safely in the next stage."],["prevents","prih-VENTS · /prɪˈvɛnts/","ngăn chặn — một bước được thực hiện để tránh vấn đề","The sealing layer prevents moisture from entering during the drying phase."],["ensures","en-SHOORZ · /ɪnˈʃʊərz/","đảm bảo — một bước được thực hiện để đảm bảo kết quả đúng","The quality check ensures that only products meeting the standard proceed further."],["results from","rih-ZULTZ-FRUM · /rɪˈzʌlts frɒm/","xuất phát từ / là kết quả của — chiều ngược: effect ← cause","The discolouration results from exposure to high temperatures during processing."],["stems from","STEMZ-FRUM · /stɛmz frɒm/","bắt nguồn từ — nguyên nhân gốc rễ của một vấn đề","The blockage stems from a build-up of sediment in the lower pipe section."],["is caused by","iz-KAWZD-BY · /ɪz kɔːzd baɪ/","được gây ra bởi — passive, chỉ nguyên nhân","The pressure drop is caused by a partial blockage in the intake valve."],["is due to","iz-DYOO-TOO · /ɪz djuː tuː/","là do — giải thích lý do thông dụng nhất trong IELTS","The delay in production is due to a shortage of the primary raw material."],["arises from","uh-RY-zez-FRUM · /əˈraɪzɪz frɒm/","phát sinh từ — vấn đề xuất hiện do nguyên nhân nào đó","This complication arises from the interaction between the two compounds."],["is a consequence of","iz-uh-KON-sih-kwens-ov · /ɪz ə ˈkɒnsɪkwəns əv/","là hệ quả của — mang tính học thuật, formal","The increased output is a direct consequence of the upgrade to the filtration unit."],["in order to","in-OR-der-TOO · /ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː/","để (mục đích) — giải thích lý do một bước được thực hiện","The temperature is raised in order to activate the binding agent in the mixture."],["so as to","SOH-az-TOO · /soʊ æz tuː/","để, nhằm — formal synonym của 'in order to'","The valves are closed so as to build up sufficient pressure before the next stage."],["with the aim of","WITH-thuh-AYM-ov · /wɪð ðə eɪm əv/","với mục đích — nhấn mạnh ý định hoặc mục tiêu của một bước","The pre-treatment is carried out with the aim of reducing chemical usage later."],["for the purpose of","FOR-thuh-PUR-pus-ov · /fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs əv/","nhằm mục đích — formal, dùng trong quy trình hành chính hoặc kỹ thuật","Samples are retained for the purpose of future analysis and quality assurance."],["to ensure that","tuh-en-SHOOR-THAT · /tə ɪnˈʃʊər ðæt/","để đảm bảo rằng — giải thích lý do của bước kiểm soát","The mixture is stirred continuously to ensure that no separation occurs."],["to allow","tuh-uh-LOW · /tə əˈlaʊ/","để cho phép — một bước được thực hiện để tạo điều kiện cho bước sau","The component is left to cool to allow it to be handled safely."],["to prevent","tuh-prih-VENT · /tə prɪˈvɛnt/","để ngăn chặn — lý do thực hiện bước bảo vệ","A filter is installed to prevent particles from entering the pump mechanism."],["therefore","THAIR-for · /ˈðɛrfɔːr/","vì vậy — kết quả logic từ thông tin vừa nêu","The temperature exceeds the threshold; therefore, the system shuts down automatically."],["consequently","KON-sih-kwent-lee · /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/","do đó — hệ quả của một sự kiện hoặc quyết định","The batch failed inspection; consequently, it was returned for reprocessing."],["as a result","az-uh-rih-ZULT · /æz ə rɪˈzʌlt/","kết quả là — connector nhân quả phổ biến nhất","As a result, the finished product meets the required safety standards."],["as a consequence","az-uh-KON-sih-kwens · /æz ə ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/","do hệ quả của — formal, thường dùng trong mô tả quy trình phức tạp","As a consequence of the filtration, the water clarity improves significantly."],["thus","THUS · /ðʌs/","do đó — ngắn gọn, formal, thường gặp trong academic flowchart descriptions","The density increases, thus causing the heavier particles to sink to the bottom."],["hence","HENS · /hɛns/","do đó — very formal, dùng trong scientific/technical contexts","The pressure builds up, hence triggering the release valve to open."],["this means that","THIS-MEENZ-THAT · /ðɪs miːnz ðæt/","điều này có nghĩa là — giải thích hệ quả bằng ngôn ngữ đơn giản hơn","The filter becomes saturated; this means that it must be replaced after 48 hours."],["which in turn","WICH-in-TURN · /wɪtʃ ɪn tɜːrn/","từ đó lại, dẫn đến tiếp — chuỗi nhân quả nhiều tầng","The heat activates the catalyst, which in turn speeds up the chemical reaction."],["if…then","IF-THEN · /ɪf ðɛn/","nếu… thì — logic điều kiện trong flowchart có nhánh phân nhánh","If the pressure exceeds 5 bar, then the emergency valve opens automatically."],["provided that","pruh-VY-did-THAT · /prəˈvaɪdɪd ðæt/","với điều kiện là — điều kiện cần để bước tiếp theo xảy ra","The process can continue provided that the temperature remains below 60°C."],["as long as","az-LONG-az · /æz lɒŋ æz/","miễn là / chừng nào còn — điều kiện duy trì trong suốt quy trình","The system operates efficiently as long as the pressure is kept within range."],["in the event that","in-thuh-ih-VENT-THAT · /ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt ðæt/","trong trường hợp — điều kiện dự phòng trong flowchart có nhánh exception","In the event that the sensor fails, a manual override is activated."],["in other words","in-UTH-er-WURDZ · /ɪn ˈʌðər wɜːrdz/","nói cách khác — người nói đang paraphrase thông tin vừa nói","In other words, the applicant must resubmit the form with the correct details."],["that is to say","THAT-iz-TOO-SAY · /ðæt ɪz tə seɪ/","nghĩa là — tương đương 'i.e.', báo hiệu giải thích chi tiết hơn","The process takes approximately three hours — that is to say, from start to finish."],["to put it another way","tuh-PUT-it-uh-NUTH-er-WAY · /tə pʊt ɪt əˈnʌðər weɪ/","nói theo cách khác — paraphrase hoàn toàn ý vừa nói","To put it another way, the system automatically selects the lowest-cost option."],["which means","WICH-MEENZ · /wɪtʃ miːnz/","có nghĩa là — giải thích hệ quả hoặc ý nghĩa của thông tin vừa nêu","The valve remains closed, which means no water can pass to the lower chamber."],["or rather","or-RATH-er · /ɔːr ˈræðər/","hay đúng hơn là — người nói tự sửa lại hoặc làm chính xác hơn","The cycle takes 30 minutes, or rather, 28 minutes under optimal conditions."],["to be more precise","tuh-bee-MOR-prih-SYS · /tə biː mɔːr prɪˈsaɪs/","để chính xác hơn — làm rõ hoặc bổ sung chi tiết chính xác","To be more precise, the temperature must not fall below 45 degrees at any point."],["or to be exact","or-tuh-bee-ig-ZAKT · /ɔːr tə biː ɪɡˈzækt/","hay nói chính xác hơn — tương tự 'to be more precise'","The process takes two days, or to be exact, 47 hours from start to completion."],["essentially","ih-SEN-shuh-lee · /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/","về cơ bản — tóm lược ý chính của một bước","Essentially, this stage removes any remaining impurities from the liquid."],["in essence","in-ES-uns · /ɪn ˈɛsəns/","về cơ bản, thực chất — paraphrase toàn bộ ý bằng ngôn ngữ đơn giản hơn","In essence, the two chambers perform the same function but at different temperatures."],["put simply","PUT-SIM-plee · /pʊt ˈsɪmpli/","nói đơn giản — người nói đơn giản hóa một khái niệm phức tạp","Put simply, the machine sorts items by weight before sending them onward."],["the answer is","thuh-AN-ser-IZ · /ðə ˈɑːnsər ɪz/","câu trả lời là — signal trực tiếp nhất cho gap-fill trong listening","I said the answer is — the temperature drops to around twelve degrees at this point."],["the key term here is","thuh-KEE-TURM-HEER-IZ · /ðə kiː tɜːrm hɪər ɪz/","thuật ngữ chính ở đây là — nhấn mạnh từ sẽ điền vào ô trống","The key term here is 'aeration' — the process of adding oxygen to the water."],["importantly","im-POR-tunt-lee · /ɪmˈpɔːrtəntli/","quan trọng là — báo hiệu thông tin then chốt có thể là đáp án","Importantly, the temperature must remain below 40°C throughout this entire phase."],["notably","NOH-tuh-blee · /ˈnoʊtəbli/","đặc biệt là, đáng chú ý — nhấn mạnh thông tin nổi bật","Notably, the second stage is the most energy-intensive part of the whole process."],["it is worth noting that","it-iz-WORTH-NOH-ting-THAT · /ɪt ɪz wɜːrθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðæt/","điều đáng lưu ý là — báo hiệu thông tin quan trọng cần ghi nhớ","It is worth noting that the valve must be manually reset after each cycle."],["what is significant here","WOT-iz-sig-NIH-fih-kunt-HEER · /wɒt ɪz sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt hɪər/","điều đáng chú ý ở đây là — nhấn mạnh thông tin chủ chốt","What is significant here is that both streams must reach the same temperature."],["the crucial point is","thuh-KROO-shul-POYNT-IZ · /ðə ˈkruːʃəl pɔɪnt ɪz/","điểm quan trọng là — signal đáp án quan trọng sắp được nêu","The crucial point is that the seal must be replaced every six months."],["however","how-EV-er · /haʊˈɛvər/","tuy nhiên — báo hiệu thông tin trái với kỳ vọng — đáp án có thể là ngoại lệ","However, at this stage the pressure is reduced rather than increased."],["although","awl-THOH · /ɔːlˈðoʊ/","mặc dù — điều kiện tương phản, đáp án thường nằm trong mệnh đề chính","Although the first step appears simple, it requires precise temperature control."],["despite this","dih-SPYT-THIS · /dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs/","bất chấp điều này — kết quả không thay đổi dù có trở ngại","Despite this, the output quality remains consistently high throughout the process."],["even so","EE-vun-SOH · /ˌiːvən ˈsoʊ/","dù vậy — nhượng bộ trước khi đưa ra thông tin ngược lại","Even so, the machine continues to operate until the pressure reaches the limit."],["nevertheless","nev-er-thuh-LES · /ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs/","tuy nhiên, dù vậy — formal contrast connector","Nevertheless, the process must be completed within the specified time window."],["on the other hand","on-thuh-UTH-er-HAND · /ɒn ðə ˈʌðər hænd/","mặt khác — so sánh hai bước hoặc hai lựa chọn trong quy trình","On the other hand, if the mixture is too dry, it will not bind during pressing."],["in contrast","in-KON-trast · /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst/","ngược lại — so sánh hai giai đoạn hoặc phương pháp khác nhau","In contrast, the second method uses a lower temperature and takes twice as long."],["whereas","WAIR-az · /wɛərˈæz/","trong khi — so sánh hai quy trình hoặc kết quả khác nhau trong cùng flowchart","Whereas the first chamber heats the mixture, the second one cools it rapidly."],["furthermore","FUR-ther-mor · /ˈfɜːrðərmɔːr/","hơn nữa — bổ sung thông tin quan trọng vào ý vừa nói","Furthermore, each batch is assigned a unique tracking code at this point."],["in addition","in-uh-DI-shun · /ɪn əˈdɪʃən/","thêm vào đó — thêm thông tin bổ trợ vào bước đang mô tả","In addition, a secondary filter is installed to catch any remaining particles."],["moreover","mor-OH-ver · /mɔːrˈoʊvər/","hơn nữa, thêm vào đó — bổ sung thông tin có trọng lượng hơn","Moreover, the entire process is monitored remotely via the control room."],["on top of this","on-TOP-ov-THIS · /ɒn tɒp əv ðɪs/","thêm vào đó — thông dụng hơn 'moreover' trong lời nói","On top of this, a backup system activates automatically if the main one fails."],["as well as","az-WEL-az · /æz wɛl æz/","cũng như, đồng thời — hai điều cùng xảy ra hoặc cùng được áp dụng","As well as filtering the water, the unit also monitors pH levels continuously."],["in summary","in-SUM-er-ee · /ɪn ˈsʌməri/","tóm lại — người nói chuẩn bị tóm tắt toàn bộ quy trình","In summary, the process involves four key stages before the product is ready."],["to sum up","tuh-SUM-UP · /tə sʌm ʌp/","tóm lại — signal kết thúc mô tả, thường ngay trước câu trả lời cuối","To sum up, the waste is treated, filtered, and then safely discharged."],["overall","OH-ver-awl · /ˌoʊvərˈɔːl/","nhìn chung — đánh giá tổng thể sau khi mô tả xong từng bước","Overall, the system is designed to minimise waste at every stage of production."],["as we have seen","az-wee-hav-SEEN · /æz wiː həv siːn/","như chúng ta đã thấy — nhắc lại quy trình vừa mô tả trước khi kết luận","As we have seen, each stage builds on the previous one in a continuous cycle."],["to conclude","tuh-kun-KLOOD · /tə kənˈkluːd/","để kết luận — signal kết thúc, thường dùng trong academic listening passages","To conclude, the recycling process reduces industrial waste by over 60 percent."]]

[["all","AWL · /ɔːl/","tất cả — từ tuyệt đối, thường là BẪY vì hiếm khi đúng hoàn toàn","The recording says most students benefit, not ALL — eliminate option A."],["always","AWL-weez · /ˈɔːlweɪz/","luôn luôn — extreme qualifier, chọn đáp án có từ này khi speaker dùng 'always'","The manager says she always checks the report before sending — answer: always."],["never","NEV-er · /ˈnɛvər/","không bao giờ — extreme, nghe kỹ xem speaker thực sự dùng 'never' hay chỉ 'rarely'","He said he never misses a deadline — but he said 'rarely', so the answer changes."],["only","OHN-lee · /ˈoʊnli/","chỉ, duy nhất — giới hạn phạm vi, bẫy khi đáp án thêm bớt ngoài phạm vi","The course is only available online — not in person — so option B is wrong."],["all of them","AWL-uv-THEM · /ɔːl əv ðɛm/","tất cả chúng — thường là bẫy, speaker thường nói 'most' hoặc 'some' thay vì 'all'","She recommends all of them — listen whether she says 'all' or 'most'."],["none","NUN · /nʌn/","không có cái nào — absolute negative, xác nhận kỹ trước khi chọn","None of the applicants passed the first round — but the speaker said 'very few'."],["every","EV-ree · /ˈɛvri/","mỗi, tất cả — tương tự 'all', extreme, hay là bẫy trong MC","Every member must attend — compare with 'most members are expected to attend'."],["mainly","MAYN-lee · /ˈmeɪnli/","chủ yếu — không tuyệt đối, nói đến phần lớn nhưng không phải tất cả","The programme is mainly for postgraduates, though undergraduates may apply."],["mostly","MOHST-lee · /ˈmoʊstli/","hầu hết, phần lớn — đồng nghĩa 'mainly', paraphrase thường dùng thay nhau","The feedback was mostly positive — correct answer uses 'largely favourable'."],["largely","LARJ-lee · /ˈlɑːrdʒli/","phần lớn — học thuật hơn 'mostly', hay xuất hiện trong đáp án paraphrase","The project was largely successful, with a few minor setbacks."],["primarily","PRY-mair-uh-lee · /praɪˈmɛrɪli/","chủ yếu là — focus vào lý do hoặc nhóm đối tượng chính","The fund is primarily intended for first-year students."],["predominantly","prih-DOM-ih-nunt-lee · /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/","chiếm phần lớn — paraphrase học thuật của 'mostly/mainly'","The audience was predominantly female, with a smaller number of male attendees."],["some","SUM · /sʌm/","một số — không phải tất cả, phân biệt với 'most' và 'all'","Some participants found the task difficult — not most, not all."],["a few","uh-FYOO · /ə fjuː/","một vài — số lượng nhỏ, phân biệt với 'several' (nhiều hơn) và 'many'","A few complaints were received, but overall the event was a success."],["several","SEV-er-ul · /ˈsɛvərəl/","một số, vài — nhiều hơn 'a few' nhưng ít hơn 'many' (thường 3-7)","Several changes were made to the original plan during the development phase."],["nearly","NEER-lee · /ˈnɪərli/","gần như — almost but not quite, phân biệt với 'over' và 'exactly'","Nearly 80% of respondents agreed — the correct option says 'just under 80%'."],["almost","AWL-mohst · /ˈɔːlmoʊst/","hầu như, gần như — gần đạt mức tuyệt đối nhưng chưa đến","Almost all participants completed the survey — but not every single one."],["virtually","VUR-chyoo-uh-lee · /ˈvɜːrtʃuəli/","gần như là — paraphrase học thuật của 'almost/nearly'","Virtually no differences were found between the two groups in the study."],["barely","BAIR-lee · /ˈbɛərli/","vừa đủ, chỉ vừa — ít hơn kỳ vọng, gần bằng không","She barely passed the test — the answer 'failed' would be wrong; she passed, just."],["hardly","HARD-lee · /ˈhɑːrdli/","hầu như không — gần bằng never/none, nhưng không hoàn toàn","He hardly spoke during the meeting — not 'he was silent'; he said a little."],["at least","at-LEEST · /æt liːst/","ít nhất là — minimum value, phân biệt với 'at most' (maximum)","At least 50 people must register for the course to run."],["at most","at-MOHST · /æt moʊst/","nhiều nhất là — maximum value, thường bị nhầm với 'at least'","The waiting time is at most two weeks — so 'up to two weeks' is the paraphrase."],["up to","UP-too · /ˈʌp tuː/","lên đến — maximum possible, tương tự 'at most'","Grants of up to 5,000 are available for qualifying applicants."],["no more than","noh-MOR-THAN · /noʊ mɔːr ðæn/","không nhiều hơn — maximum limit, paraphrase của 'at most'","Submissions should be no more than 3,000 words in total."],["as many as","az-MEN-ee-az · /æz ˈmɛni æz/","nhiều đến — nhấn mạnh con số bất ngờ là lớn hơn kỳ vọng","As many as 200 students applied for just 20 places on the programme."],["nearly twice","NEER-lee-TWYS · /ˈnɪərli twaɪs/","gần gấp đôi — dùng để so sánh số liệu trong MC câu hỏi về dữ liệu","Hot coffee sales in winter were nearly twice those recorded in the summer season."],["generally","JEN-er-uh-lee · /ˈdʒɛnərəli/","nhìn chung — không phải luôn luôn, phân biệt với 'always'","Generally speaking, the results were positive — exceptions existed."],["usually","YOO-zhoo-uh-lee · /ˈjuːʒuəli/","thông thường — strong tendency but not 'always'; a safe alternative to absolutes","She usually arrives early, but today was an exception due to the traffic."],["typically","TIP-ih-kuh-lee · /ˈtɪpɪkəli/","điển hình là — what happens in normal/expected cases, paraphrase of 'usually'","This process typically takes around three weeks from application to approval."],["occasionally","uh-KAY-zhun-uh-lee · /əˈkeɪʒənəli/","thỉnh thoảng — less frequent than 'sometimes', more than 'rarely'","The lab is occasionally used for staff training as well as student experiments."],["rarely","RAIR-lee · /ˈrɛərli/","hiếm khi — close to 'almost never', paraphrase của 'seldom'","Complaints are rarely received, which suggests a high level of satisfaction."],["entirely","en-TYR-lee · /ɪnˈtaɪərli/","hoàn toàn — 100%, absolute degree modifier; hay là bẫy nếu chỉ 'partially'","The project was not entirely successful — so 'fully achieved' is wrong."],["completely","kum-PLEET-lee · /kəmˈpliːtli/","hoàn toàn — tương tự 'entirely'; check xem speaker dùng 'completely' hay 'largely'","The building is completely refurbished — not just partially renovated."],["on balance","on-BAL-uns · /ɒn ˈbæləns/","xét tổng thể — nhìn chung tích cực/tiêu cực khi cân nhắc hết các yếu tố","On balance, the committee felt the advantages outweighed the potential risks."],["overall","OH-ver-awl · /ˌoʊvərˈɔːl/","nhìn chung — tổng kết, hay dùng mở đầu câu overview trong Writing Task 1","Overall, the data suggests a clear preference for digital formats."],["actually","AK-choo-uh-lee · /ˈæktʃuəli/","thực ra — SIGNAL quan trọng nhất: speaker đang sửa lại điều vừa nói","I thought the course started Monday — actually, it starts Wednesday. Answer: Wednesday."],["in fact","in-FAKT · /ɪn fækt/","thực ra, thực tế là — reinforces or corrects previous statement","The report seemed positive; in fact, it highlighted several major problems."],["well","WEL · /wɛl/","ừm thì — pause filler + signal speaker is about to change or qualify","Well, I said three weeks but it might actually be closer to four."],["I mean","I-MEEN · /aɪ miːn/","ý tôi muốn nói — self-correction, speaker clarifies or changes their statement","It takes about an hour, I mean, an hour and a half, to complete the form."],["or rather","or-RATH-er · /ɔːr ˈræðər/","hay đúng hơn là — speaker replaces first word/phrase with a more accurate one","The cost is 200, or rather 250 including the registration fee."],["not exactly","not-ig-ZAK-tlee · /nɒt ɪɡˈzæktli/","không hẳn vậy — gentle correction, the first statement was partially wrong","The experiment didn't fail — not exactly; it produced unexpected results instead."],["having said that","HAV-ing-SED-THAT · /ˈhævɪŋ sɛd ðæt/","tuy nhiên — speaker is about to qualify or partially contradict what was said","The location is convenient; having said that, parking can be a real issue."],["then again","THEN-uh-GEN · /ðɛn əˈɡɛn/","nhưng mà lại — speaker reconsiders and introduces a counter-point","The price seems high; then again, it includes all meals and accommodation."],["on second thought","on-SEK-und-THAWT · /ɒn ˈsɛkənd θɔːt/","nghĩ lại thì — speaker changes decision after initial statement","On second thought, I'll take the Friday session rather than Wednesday."],["not X but Y","not-eks-but-wye · /nɒt … bʌt/","không phải X mà là Y — đây là pattern bẫy phổ biến nhất của MC","It's not the cost but the time commitment that concerns most participants."],["instead","in-STED · /ɪnˈstɛd/","thay vào đó — replacement signal, first option is rejected for second one","She didn't use the library; instead, she accessed the materials online."],["rather than","RATH-er-THAN · /ˈræðər ðæn/","thay vì — contrasts preferred option with rejected option","He chose to email rather than call, which caused a misunderstanding."],["on the contrary","on-thuh-KON-trair-ee · /ɒn ðə ˈkɒntrɛri/","trái lại — contradicts the previous statement directly","On the contrary, the pilot study showed very promising results overall."],["to clarify","tuh-KLAIR-ih-fy · /tə ˈklærɪfaɪ/","để làm rõ — speaker is about to make the correct version explicit","To clarify, the fee covers the first year only, not subsequent years."],["I take that back","I-TAYK-THAT-BAK · /aɪ teɪk ðæt bæk/","tôi rút lại điều đó — complete retraction of previous statement","I said the event was cancelled — I take that back; it's just been postponed."],["that said","THAT-SED · /ðæt sɛd/","tuy nhiên — introduces a qualifier that partially contradicts the previous point","The facilities are excellent; that said, the timetabling could be improved."],["I think","I-THINK · /aɪ θɪŋk/","tôi nghĩ — weak opinion marker, speaker is not certain","I think the deadline has been extended, but you should check the website."],["I believe","I-bih-LEEV · /aɪ bɪˈliːv/","tôi tin rằng — stronger than 'I think', speaker is fairly confident","I believe the original proposal was the stronger of the two submitted."],["in my opinion","in-MY-uh-PIN-yun · /ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən/","theo ý kiến tôi — subjective view, answer to 'What does X think about Y?'","In my opinion, the new system is more user-friendly than the previous one."],["I'm convinced that","IM-kun-VINSD-THAT · /aɪm kənˈvɪnst ðæt/","tôi tin chắc rằng — strong personal belief, more certain than 'I think'","I'm convinced that more resources need to be allocated to early-years education."],["I doubt that","I-DOWT-THAT · /aɪ daʊt ðæt/","tôi nghi ngờ rằng — speaker is sceptical, negative attitude signal","I doubt that the changes will make a significant difference in the short term."],["I'm not sure","IM-not-SHOOR · /aɪm nɒt ʃʊər/","tôi không chắc — uncertainty marker, answer about speaker's attitude: uncertain","I'm not sure whether the results justify the scale of the investment made."],["I'm concerned about","IM-kun-SURND-uh-BOWT · /aɪm kənˈsɜːrnd əˈbaʊt/","tôi lo ngại về — negative attitude, speaker has reservations or worries","I'm concerned about the long-term sustainability of the current funding model."],["I'm impressed by","IM-im-PREST-BY · /aɪm ɪmˈprɛst baɪ/","tôi ấn tượng với — positive attitude, speaker is pleased or admiring","I'm impressed by how quickly the team adapted to the new working conditions."],["I'm disappointed","IM-dis-uh-POYNT-id · /aɪm ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/","tôi thất vọng — negative attitude, expectations were not met","I'm disappointed that the feedback wasn't more detailed and constructive."],["I'm pleased that","IM-PLEEZD-THAT · /aɪm pliːzd ðæt/","tôi vui vì — positive attitude, something met or exceeded expectations","I'm pleased that the committee finally agreed to review the original decision."],["I'd argue that","AYD-AR-gyoo-THAT · /aɪd ˈɑːrɡjuː ðæt/","tôi cho rằng — speaker is making a reasoned case for a position","I'd argue that the benefits of the scheme outweigh the initial setup costs."],["frankly","FRANK-lee · /ˈfræŋkli/","thẳng thắn mà nói — speaker is being candid, often introduces a critical opinion","Frankly, the level of support provided to new students has been inadequate."],["to be honest","tuh-bee-ON-ist · /tə biː ˈɒnɪst/","thật ra mà nói — signals speaker is sharing their real view, possibly critical","To be honest, I wasn't expecting the turnout to be quite so low on the day."],["it seems to me","it-SEEMZ-tuh-MEE · /ɪt siːmz tə miː/","có vẻ như với tôi — hedged opinion, speaker is not entirely sure","It seems to me that the second option carries considerably less financial risk."],["I must admit","I-MUST-uh-MIT · /aɪ mʌst ədˈmɪt/","tôi phải thừa nhận — speaker concedes something unexpected or against their interest","I must admit I underestimated how complex the data analysis would be."],["I can't help thinking","I-KANT-HELP-THINK-ing · /aɪ kɑːnt hɛlp ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/","tôi không khỏi nghĩ — speaker has a persistent doubt or nagging feeling","I can't help thinking there are some significant flaws in the proposed approach."],["I'm not entirely convinced","IM-not-en-TYR-lee-kun-VINSD · /aɪm nɒt ɪnˈtaɪərli kənˈvɪnst/","tôi chưa hoàn toàn bị thuyết phục — speaker has reservations despite apparent agreement","I'm not entirely convinced that the proposed solution addresses the root cause."],["might","MYT · /maɪt/","có thể — weak possibility, NOT certainty; đáp án có 'will' thường sai","The project might be completed ahead of schedule if resources are approved."],["could","KOOD · /kʊd/","có thể — possibility hoặc ability, weaker than 'will'","This approach could significantly reduce processing time in the second stage."],["may","MAY · /meɪ/","có thể — formal possibility marker, tương tự 'might' nhưng formal hơn","Additional funding may be available for students with exceptional circumstances."],["tend to","TEND-TOO · /tɛnd tuː/","có xu hướng — describes a pattern, not an absolute rule","Students who attend tutorials tend to perform better in the final assessment."],["seem to","SEEM-TOO · /siːm tuː/","có vẻ như — appearance or perception, not confirmed fact","The results seem to suggest a correlation, but further testing is required."],["it is likely that","it-iz-LYK-lee-THAT · /ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðæt/","có khả năng là — probability without certainty","It is likely that demand for the service will increase over the coming months."],["it is possible that","it-iz-POS-uh-bul-THAT · /ɪt ɪz ˈpɒsɪbəl ðæt/","có thể là — weaker than 'likely', admits uncertainty","It is possible that some data was lost during the transfer to the new system."],["arguably","AR-gyoo-uh-blee · /ˈɑːrɡjuəbli/","có thể nói rằng — invites debate, claim is reasonable but not proven","This is arguably the most important development in the field over the past decade."],["to some extent","tuh-SUM-ek-STENT · /tə sʌm ɪkˈstɛnt/","ở một mức độ nào đó — partial agreement or partial truth","To some extent, the criticism is valid — but the full picture is more complex."],["broadly speaking","BRAWD-lee-SPEEK-ing · /ˈbrɔːdli ˈspiːkɪŋ/","nói rộng ra — general statement with exceptions implied","Broadly speaking, the results support the original hypothesis."],["on the whole","on-thuh-HOHL · /ɒn ðə hoʊl/","nói chung — overall assessment, minor exceptions exist","On the whole, the feedback from participants was very encouraging."],["by and large","BY-und-LARJ · /baɪ ænd lɑːrdʒ/","nhìn chung — informal 'on the whole', common in spoken IELTS passages","By and large, the programme has achieved its stated objectives."],["more or less","MOR-or-LES · /mɔːr ɔːr lɛs/","nhiều hay ít — approximately, not exactly","The survey covered more or less the same ground as the previous one."],["approximately","uh-PROK-sih-mit-lee · /əˈprɒksɪmɪtli/","xấp xỉ — gives rough figures, paraphrase of 'roughly' or 'around'","Approximately 60% of respondents reported a noticeable improvement."],["roughly","RUF-lee · /ˈrʌfli/","khoảng chừng — informal 'approximately', often in spoken sections","The renovation took roughly six months from start to completion."],["in theory","in-THEER-ee · /ɪn ˈθɪəri/","về lý thuyết — may not work in practice, signals a hedge","In theory, the system should process requests within 24 hours."],["in practice","in-PRAK-tis · /ɪn ˈpræktɪs/","trên thực tế — what actually happens, often contrasts with 'in theory'","In practice, delays of up to a week are not uncommon during peak periods."],["ideally","I-dee-uh-lee · /aɪˈdiːəli/","trong điều kiện lý tưởng — describes the preferred or optimal situation","Ideally, all participants should complete the pre-course reading in advance."],["in principle","in-PRIN-suh-pul · /ɪn ˈprɪnsɪpəl/","về nguyên tắc — agreed in general but details may vary","In principle, the committee supports the proposal, subject to further review."],["exactly","ig-ZAK-tlee · /ɪɡˈzæktli/","chính xác — strong agreement, confirms the previous speaker's point","Exactly — that's precisely the problem we've been trying to address."],["absolutely","AB-suh-loot-lee · /ˈæbsəluːtli/","hoàn toàn đúng — emphatic agreement, sometimes used sarcastically","Absolutely — I couldn't agree more with what you've just outlined."],["that's right","THATS-RYT · /ðæts raɪt/","đúng rồi — simple agreement confirmation, very common in Section 3","That's right — the deadline is the 15th, not the 20th as I initially thought."],["I agree","I-uh-GREE · /aɪ əˈɡriː/","tôi đồng ý — basic agreement, may be followed by a 'but' qualification","I agree that the approach is sound, but the timeline seems overly optimistic."],["you have a point","yoo-HAV-uh-POYNT · /juː hæv ə pɔɪnt/","bạn có lý — partial agreement, concedes the argument is valid","You have a point about the cost, but I think the long-term savings justify it."],["fair enough","FAIR-ih-NUF · /fɛər ɪˈnʌf/","được rồi, cũng được — accepts the other person's reasoning reluctantly","Fair enough — if the budget won't allow it, we'll have to find another approach."],["I take your point","I-TAYK-yor-POYNT · /aɪ teɪk jɔːr pɔɪnt/","tôi hiểu ý bạn — acknowledges the other argument without fully agreeing","I take your point, but I still think the risks outweigh the potential benefits."],["I disagree","I-dis-uh-GREE · /aɪ ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/","tôi không đồng ý — direct disagreement, often followed by explanation","I disagree with the conclusion — the data doesn't support such a strong claim."],["I'm not sure I agree","IM-not-SHOOR-I-uh-GREE · /aɪm nɒt ʃʊər aɪ əˈɡriː/","tôi không chắc mình đồng ý — soft disagreement, polite and hedged","I'm not sure I agree — there may be other factors that haven't been considered."],["that's not how I see it","THATS-not-HOW-I-SEE-it · /ðæts nɒt haʊ aɪ siː ɪt/","tôi không thấy vậy — polite but clear disagreement","That's not how I see it — I think the second approach has significant advantages."],["I beg to differ","I-BEG-tuh-DIF-er · /aɪ bɛɡ tə ˈdɪfər/","tôi xin phép không đồng ý — formal polite disagreement","I beg to differ — the evidence from last year's trial tells a different story."],["with respect","with-rih-SPEKT · /wɪð rɪˈspɛkt/","tôi xin phép nói — formal softener before a disagreement","With respect, I think that interpretation overlooks some important evidence."],["admittedly","ad-MIT-id-lee · /ədˈmɪtɪdli/","thừa nhận là — concedes a point before making a counter-argument","Admittedly, the cost is higher — but the long-term savings are substantial."],["granted","GRAN-tid · /ˈɡrɑːntɪd/","thừa nhận rằng — formal concession before a rebuttal","Granted, there are some limitations to the study, but the findings are still valid."],["to be fair","tuh-bee-FAIR · /tə biː fɛər/","thực ra mà nói — introduces a concession, giving credit to an opposing view","To be fair, the first approach did produce better short-term results."],["that may be true, but","THAT-MAY-bee-TROO-but · /ðæt meɪ biː truː bʌt/","điều đó có thể đúng, nhưng — concedes partially before pushing back","That may be true, but it doesn't necessarily mean the proposal will succeed."],["I wouldn't go that far","I-WOOD-unt-GOH-THAT-FAR · /aɪ ˈwʊdənt ɡoʊ ðæt fɑːr/","tôi sẽ không nói đến mức đó — disagrees with the degree or extent of a claim","I wouldn't go that far — the situation is serious but not beyond recovery."],["we'll have to agree to disagree","WEEL-HAV-tuh-uh-GREE-tuh-DIS-uh-GREE · /wiːl hæv tə əˈɡriː tə ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/","chúng ta đành không đồng ý với nhau — polite conclusion to an unresolved debate","We'll have to agree to disagree on this one — both positions have their merits."],["I can see both sides","I-kun-SEE-BOTH-SYDZ · /aɪ kæn siː boʊθ saɪdz/","tôi thấy cả hai phía đều có lý — neutral, balanced view between two positions","I can see both sides — the proposal has merits but also significant drawbacks."],["while I see your point","WYL-I-SEE-yor-POYNT · /waɪl aɪ siː jɔːr pɔɪnt/","dù tôi hiểu ý bạn — acknowledges the argument before presenting a counter","While I see your point, I think the risks of not acting are considerably greater."]]

[["The [chart] compares…", "thuh-CHART-kəm-PAIRZ · /kəmˈpɛərz/", "Intro tốt nhất cho bar chart so sánh 2+ nhóm — thay ‘shows’ bằng ‘compares’", "The bar chart compares the average daily sales of five items at the Brisk Café across two seasons."], ["The [chart] illustrates…", "ih-LUS-trayts · /ɪˈlʌstreɪts/", "Từ học thuật nhất cho intro — dùng được với mọi chart type", "The horizontal bar chart illustrates the annual number of car journeys made by men and women."], ["The [chart] provides information about…", "pruh-VYDZ-in-fuh-MAY-shun · /prəˈvaɪdz/", "Dùng cho table hoặc chart có nhiều loại data phức tạp", "The table provides information about the average monthly rainfall in three cities over a decade."], ["The [chart] gives a breakdown of…", "GIVZ-uh-BRAYK-down · /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/", "Dùng khi chart chia nhỏ tổng thành nhiều phần (pie chart, stacked bar)", "The pie chart gives a breakdown of household expenditure by category in the UK in 2020."], ["The [chart] shows how [X] changed over time", "SHOWZ-HOW-CHAYNJD · /ʃoʊz haʊ tʃeɪndʒd/", "Dùng cho line graph — trọng tâm là sự thay đổi theo thời gian", "The line graph shows how the number of international students changed between 2000 and 2020."], ["The [chart] displays the proportion/number/amount of…", "dih-PLAYZ · /dɪˈspleɪz/", "Variation của ‘shows’ — nhấn mạnh chart đang hiển thị số liệu cụ thể", "The graph displays the proportion of adults who used social media daily in six countries."], ["… in [country/city] between [year] and [year]", "in-BIH-TWEEN · /bɪˈtwiːn/", "Cách thêm location + time frame vào intro — bắt buộc nếu chart có data này", "The bar chart compares energy consumption in Germany between 1990 and 2020."], ["… over a [X]-year period", "OH-ver-uh-PEER-ee-ud · /ˈoʊvər ə ˈpɪəriəd/", "Cách nói time span gọn hơn ‘from X to Y’ — dùng trong intro hoặc body", "The data shows changes in average house prices over a 20-year period."], ["… by [category/season/gender]", "BY-KAT-ih-gor-ee · /baɪ ˈkætɪɡəri/", "Chỉ tiêu chí phân loại trong chart — cách paraphrase ‘according to’", "The chart compares average daily sales at the café, broken down by season."], ["… for [X] different purposes", "for-DIF-er-ent-PUR-puh-sez · /fɔːr ˈdɪfərənt ˈpɜːrpəsɪz/", "Diễn đạt ‘cho nhiều mục đích khác nhau’ — thay vì liệt kê từng cái", "The chart shows the number of trips taken by men and women for five different purposes."], ["… per [year/month/100,000 people]", "PUR · /pɜːr/", "Đơn vị ‘trên mỗi’ — bắt buộc giữ lại nếu chart dùng per unit", "The table shows the number of road accidents per 100,000 vehicles in each country."], ["… in terms of [X]", "in-TURMZ-ov · /ɪn tɜːrmz əv/", "Chỉ tiêu chí so sánh — elegant hơn ‘by’ hoặc ‘according to’", "The countries are compared in terms of their annual coffee consumption per capita."], ["annual / monthly / weekly", "AN-yoo-ul · /ˈænjuəl/", "Thay thế ‘per year/month/week’ — nghe chuyên nghiệp hơn", "The chart illustrates the annual number of car journeys made per person."], ["selected [items/countries/categories]", "suh-LEK-tid · /səˈlɛktɪd/", "Paraphrase tốt cho ‘chosen’ hoặc ‘a number of’ — dùng trong intro", "The bar chart shows data for selected food items sold at the Brisk Café."], ["Summarise → describe / report", "SUM-uh-ryz-PARAPHRASE · /ˈsʌməraɪz/", "Không bao giờ dùng lại từ ‘summarise’ từ đề bài — thay bằng ‘describe’", "Task 1 tip: replace ‘summarise the information’ with ‘describe the main trends shown’."], ["according to the [chart/data]", "uh-KOR-ding-tuh · /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tə/", "Cách trích dẫn nguồn — dùng thỉnh thoảng để tránh lặp ‘the chart shows’", "According to the data, men took considerably more work-related trips than women."], ["the figures for [X] and [Y]", "thuh-FIG-yerz-for · /ˈfɪɡjərz fɔːr/", "Cách nói ‘số liệu của X và Y’ — elegant hơn ‘the numbers of X and Y’", "The figures for iced coffee and soup showed the greatest seasonal variation."], ["for the [year/period] as a whole", "for-thuh-PEER-ee-ud-az-uh-HOHL · /ˈpɪəriəd æz ə hoʊl/", "Tóm tắt cả giai đoạn — dùng ở overview hoặc kết body", "For the period as a whole, demand for organic produce continued to rise."], ["The data relates to…", "thuh-DAY-tuh-rih-LAYTS-tuh · /ˈdeɪtə rɪˈleɪts tə/", "Alternative intro opener — thay đổi cấu trúc câu hoàn toàn", "The data relates to average spending habits among adults in five European countries."], ["Two charts are given…", "TOO-CHARTS-AR-GIV-un · /tuː tʃɑːrts ɑːr ˈɡɪvən/", "Cho dạng 2 charts — cần nối cả 2 chart vào 1 câu intro", "Two charts are given: the first shows production figures, while the second illustrates sales data."], ["The [first/second] chart shows…", "thuh-FURST-CHART · /ðə fɜːrst tʃɑːrt/", "Dùng khi có 2 charts riêng biệt trong cùng 1 đề bài", "The first chart shows energy production, while the second illustrates consumption."], ["Note: never copy the prompt word-for-word", "NEVER-COPY · /ˈnɛvər ˈkɒpi/", "QUY TẮC VÀNG: Intro phải đổi ít nhất 3 từ. Chép nguyên = 0 điểm LR", "Bad: ‘The graph shows the average daily sales.’ Better: ‘The bar chart compares the mean daily servings.’"], ["Overall, [A] was the most [adj]…, while [B]…", "OH-ver-awl-WUZ-thuh-MOHST · /ˈoʊvərɔːl/", "Cấu trúc Overview chuẩn nhất — Overall LUÔN đứng đầu câu, KHÔNG có số liệu", "Overall, hot coffee was the dominant item in winter, while iced coffee experienced the most striking seasonal reversal."], ["Overall, [A] accounted for the largest share, while [B] represented the smallest", "uh-KOWNT-id-for-thuh-LAR-jist · /əˈkaʊntɪd fɔːr ðə ˈlɑːrdʒɪst/", "Overview chuẩn cho PIE CHART — ‘accounted for’ + phần lớn nhất", "Overall, housing accounted for the largest share of household spending, while entertainment represented the smallest."], ["Overall, there was a clear [upward/downward] trend in [X] throughout the period", "THAIR-wuz-uh-KLEER-TREND · /ðɛr wɒz ə klɪər trɛnd/", "Overview cho LINE GRAPH — nêu xu hướng chủ đạo, không có số", "Overall, there was a clear upward trend in the number of overseas visitors throughout the period."], ["Overall, [X] consistently outperformed [Y] across all categories", "kən-SIS-tunt-lee-owt-per-FORMD · /kənˈsɪstəntli ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːrmd/", "Khi 1 item dẫn đầu xuyên suốt tất cả categories hoặc thời điểm", "Overall, the USA consistently outperformed all other countries across every category measured."], ["[X] was the only [item] to [verb]…", "wuz-thuh-OHN-lee · /wɒz ðə ˈoʊnli/", "Câu thứ 2 Overview — nêu điểm đặc biệt / exception", "Salad was the only item to record identical figures in both seasons."], ["[X] and [Y] followed a broadly similar pattern", "FOL-ohd-uh-BRAWD-lee-SIM-uh-ler · /ˈfɒloʊd ə ˈbrɔːdli ˈsɪmɪlər/", "Khi 2 items có xu hướng giống nhau — câu thứ 2 Overview", "Hot coffee and soup followed a broadly similar seasonal pattern throughout."], ["[X] saw the most significant/dramatic change", "SAW-thuh-MOHST-druh-MAT-ik · /sɔː ðə moʊst ˈdrəmætɪk/", "Highlight item có sự thay đổi lớn nhất — hay dùng cho Overview câu 2", "Iced coffee saw the most dramatic change between the two seasons."], ["The most notable feature was [X]", "thuh-MOHST-NOH-tuh-bul-FEECH-er · /ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈfiːtʃər/", "Alternative cho Overview câu đầu — đi thẳng vào điểm đặc biệt nhất", "The most notable feature was the sharp contrast between male and female shopping habits."], ["The two [genders/groups] showed contrasting patterns in [X]", "SHOHD-kən-TRAST-ing · /ʃoʊd kənˈtrɑːstɪŋ/", "Khi 2 nhóm có xu hướng ngược nhau trong 1 hay nhiều category", "The two genders showed sharply contrasting patterns for commuting and shopping trips."], ["The gap between [X] and [Y] widened/narrowed over time", "GAP-WY-dund · /ɡæp ˈwaɪdənd/", "LINE GRAPH — khi 2 lines di chuyển ra xa hoặc lại gần nhau", "The gap between male and female university enrolment narrowed significantly over the period."], ["[X] more than doubled/tripled between [A] and [B]", "MOR-THAN-DUB-uld · /mɔːr ðæn ˈdʌbəld/", "Nêu mức tăng gấp đôi/ba — impressive hơn là chỉ liệt kê số liệu", "The number of electric vehicles more than doubled between 2015 and 2020."], ["Both [X] and [Y] increased/decreased, though at different rates", "BOTH-AT-DIF-er-ent-RAYTS · /boʊθ æt ˈdɪfərənt reɪts/", "Khi 2 items cùng xu hướng nhưng tốc độ khác nhau", "Both male and female employment rates increased, though at markedly different rates."], ["[X] fluctuated throughout, while [Y] showed a more consistent trend", "FLUK-choo-ay-tid-THROO-owt · /ˈflʌktʃueɪtɪd θruːˈaʊt/", "LINE GRAPH — khi 1 line không ổn định, 1 line ổn định", "Oil prices fluctuated throughout, while gas prices showed a more consistent upward trend."], ["Figures for [X] were broadly comparable across [all groups]", "BRAWD-lee-KOM-per-uh-bul · /ˈbrɔːdli ˈkɒmpərəbəl/", "Khi nhiều items gần bằng nhau — tránh dùng ‘similar’ quá đơn giản", "Figures for visiting friends were broadly comparable across both genders."], ["Despite [X], [Y] remained relatively [high/low]", "dih-SPYT · /dɪˈspaɪt/", "Dùng khi có exception trong xu hướng chung — adds sophistication", "Despite an overall decline in sales, organic food remained relatively popular throughout."], ["With the exception of [X], all [items] showed…", "WIHT-thuh-ek-SEP-shun · /wɪð ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən/", "Alternative cho ‘the only item’ — nhấn mạnh ngoại lệ", "With the exception of salad, all items showed clear seasonal variation in daily sales."], ["[X] peaked at [figure] in [year/season], before [falling/levelling off]", "PEEKT-AT · /piːkt æt/", "Dùng cho line graph hoặc bar — nêu đỉnh rồi nói xu hướng sau đó", "Sales of hot coffee peaked at 75 servings per day in winter before falling sharply in summer."], ["[X] dominated throughout the period", "DOM-ih-nay-tid-THROO-owt · /ˈdɒmɪneɪtɪd θruːˈaʊt/", "Khi 1 item cao nhất suốt cả thời gian — không cần nêu số liệu ở Overview", "Hot coffee dominated throughout both seasons at the Brisk Café."], ["Note: Overview = 2–3 sentences, NO numbers", "OH-ver-vyu-NO-NUM-berz · /ˈoʊvərˌvjuː/", "QUY TẮC: Overview chỉ nêu xu hướng lớn — số liệu để Body viết", "Overview wrong: ‘Overall, hot coffee sold 75 in winter and 30 in summer.’ Move numbers to Body."], ["Note: start Overview with ‘Overall,’ — always", "START-WITH-OH-ver-awl · /stɑːrt wɪð ˈoʊvərɔːl/", "Examiner tìm ‘Overall’ để chấm CC — không có Overall = mất điểm Overview", "Always open with ‘Overall,’ — it signals to the examiner that you understand the overview structure."], ["Note: Overview is the most important paragraph", "OH-ver-vyu-IZ-MOHST-im-POR-tunt · /ˈoʊvərˌvjuː/", "Examiner đọc Overview trước — viết tốt Overview = CC score cao", "A strong Overview can push your CC score from Band 6 to Band 7."], ["In general, [trend]", "in-JEN-er-ul · /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/", "Variation của ‘Overall’ — nhưng ‘Overall’ chuẩn hơn trong Task 1 academic", "In general, winter sales were higher than summer for most items at the café."], ["[X] was by far the [highest/most popular]", "wuz-by-FAR · /wɒz baɪ fɑːr/", "Nhấn mạnh item dẫn đầu với cách biệt lớn — tốt hơn chỉ nói ‘highest’", "Hot coffee was by far the best-selling item in winter, at approximately 75 servings per day."], ["at approximately [figure]", "at-uh-PROK-sih-mit-lee · /æt əˈprɒksɪmɪtli/", "Cách đưa số liệu vào câu — ‘approximately’ khi chart hơi khó đọc chính xác", "Hot coffee sold at approximately 75 servings per day in winter."], ["recording/reaching [figure]", "rih-KOR-ding · /rɪˈkɔːrdɪŋ/", "Cách đưa số liệu — ‘recording’ cho điểm cao/thấp tại 1 thời điểm", "Men made the most commuting trips, recording approximately 325 journeys per year."], ["more than double its [season/year] figure of [X]", "MOR-THAN-DUB-ul-ITS · /mɔːr ðæn ˈdʌbəl ɪts/", "So sánh tăng gấp đôi — 1 câu nói 2 số liệu một lúc, rất efficient", "Hot coffee sold 75 servings in winter — more than double its summer figure of 30."], ["compared with just [figure]", "kum-PAIRD-WIHT-JUST · /kəmˈpɛərd wɪð dʒʌst/", "’Just’ nhấn mạnh con số nhỏ hơn nhiều — tạo contrast mạnh", "Soup sold 50 servings in winter compared with just 25 in summer."], ["well above the [X] figure of [Y]", "WEL-uh-BUV · /wɛl əˈbʌv/", "Gap lớn và rõ ràng — stronger than ‘higher than’", "Women recorded 275 shopping trips annually — well above the male figure of around 190."], ["[X] servings/trips/units per [day/year]", "PUR-DAY-YEAR · /pɜːr deɪ/", "Luôn giữ đơn vị khi đưa số liệu — không bỏ ‘per day/year’", "Hot coffee sold approximately 75 servings per day in winter."], ["barely [figure]", "BAIR-lee · /ˈbɛərli/", "Nhấn mạnh con số rất nhỏ, gần bằng không — creates dramatic contrast", "Iced coffee sold barely 2 servings per day in winter, compared with 40 in summer."], ["just under/over [figure]", "JUST-UN-der · /dʒʌst ˈʌndər/", "Khi số liệu xấp xỉ nhưng không đạt ngưỡng tròn", "Nearly 80% agreed — the correct paraphrase is ‘just under 80 percent’."], ["[X] followed a similar pattern, [verb-ing] around [figure]", "FOL-ohd-uh-SIM-uh-ler-PAT-ern · /ˈfɒloʊd ə ˈsɪmɪlər ˈpætərn/", "Dùng để mô tả item thứ 2 trong nhóm — tránh lặp cấu trúc câu 1", "Soup followed a similar pattern, selling around 50 servings in winter."], ["[X], by contrast, [verb] [figure]", "BY-kən-TRAST · /baɪ kənˈtrɑːst/", "Exception trong nhóm — đặt ‘by contrast’ giữa câu để tránh bắt đầu câu bằng ‘By contrast’", "Ice cream, by contrast, sold slightly better in summer (35) than in winter (25)."], ["[X], meanwhile, remained/stood at [figure]", "MEEN-wyl · /ˈmiːnˌwaɪl/", "Cách nói về item ổn định trong khi các items khác thay đổi", "Salad, meanwhile, remained entirely stable at 25 servings throughout both seasons."], ["remained entirely stable at [figure]", "rih-MAYND-en-TYR-lee · /rɪˈmeɪnd ɪnˈtaɪərli/", "Diễn đạt không thay đổi — ‘stable’ + ‘entirely’ tạo cụm mạnh hơn chỉ ‘stable’", "Salad remained entirely stable at 25 servings per day regardless of season."], ["regardless of [season/year]", "rih-GARD-lis-ov · /rɪˈɡɑːrdlɪs əv/", "Nhấn mạnh không bị ảnh hưởng bởi yếu tố nào — elegant ending cho câu", "Salad remained stable at 25 servings per day regardless of season."], ["the largest gender/seasonal gap of all [categories]", "thuh-LAR-jist-GAP-ov-AWL · /ðə ˈlɑːrdʒɪst ɡæp/", "Highlight điểm chênh lệch lớn nhất trong toàn chart", "Commuting showed the largest gender gap of all five categories, with men making 325 trips versus 210."], ["a difference of roughly [X] [units]", "uh-DIF-er-uns-ov-RUF-lee · /ə ˈdɪfərəns əv ˈrʌfli/", "Diễn đạt khoảng chênh lệch — tốt hơn chỉ nói 2 con số riêng lẻ", "Women made 275 shopping trips versus 190 for men — a difference of roughly 85 trips."], ["the second most [popular/common]", "thuh-SEK-und-MOHST · /ðə ˈsɛkənd moʊst/", "Rank rõ ràng — tránh viết mơ hồ ‘also high’", "Soup was the second most popular item in winter, at around 50 servings per day."], ["the least [popular/common] of all", "thuh-LEEST-POP-yoo-ler · /ðə liːst ˈpɒpjʊlər/", "Rank cuối bảng — dùng ‘the least’ + adj thay vì ‘the lowest’", "Iced coffee was the least popular item at the café during winter."], ["making it the [most/least] [adj] [category]", "MAY-king-IT · /ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt/", "Kết câu bằng cụm ‘-ing clause’ — thêm tính liên kết và phân tích", "Iced coffee rose sharply to 40 servings in summer, making it the second most popular drink."], ["in [season/year] alone", "in-ALOOHN · /ɪn əˈloʊn/", "Nhấn mạnh con số chỉ thuộc 1 thời điểm cụ thể", "In winter alone, hot coffee accounted for the majority of all hot beverage sales."], ["this represents an increase/decrease of [X]%", "THIS-rep-rih-ZENTS · /ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts/", "Diễn đạt % thay đổi — dùng trong body khi muốn nêu tỷ lệ biến động", "Sales rose from 20 to 40 servings — this represents an increase of 100%."], ["the figure for [X] stood at [Y]", "thuh-FIG-yer-STOOD-AT · /ˈfɪɡjər stʊd æt/", "Variation của ‘recorded’ — ‘stood at’ nghe tự nhiên hơn trong body", "In 2010, the figure for female graduates stood at approximately 52%."], ["compared with [figure/item]", "kum-PAIRD-WIHT · /kəmˈpɛərd wɪð/", "So sánh 2 con số — ‘compared with’ chuẩn học thuật hơn ‘compared to’", "Soup sold 50 servings in winter, compared with just 25 in the summer months."], ["whereas [subject] [verb]", "WAIR-az · /wɛərˈæz/", "Contrast trong cùng 1 câu — formal hơn ‘while’, dùng nhiều trong Task 1", "Men dominated commuting trips, whereas women recorded higher figures for shopping."], ["while [subject] [verb]", "WYL · /waɪl/", "Contrast nhẹ hơn ‘whereas’ — cả hai đều dùng được trong Task 1", "Hot coffee sold 75 servings in winter, while iced coffee barely reached 2."], ["In contrast, [subject] [verb]", "in-kən-TRAST · /ɪn kənˈtrɑːst/", "Đứng đầu câu MỚI — khác ‘by contrast’ đứng giữa câu", "Soup was highly popular in winter. In contrast, its summer sales were considerably lower."], ["By contrast, [subject] [verb]", "by-kən-TRAST · /baɪ kənˈtrɑːst/", "Đứng sau dấu phẩy trong câu — KHÔNG phải đầu câu mới", "Iced coffee, by contrast, was barely sold in winter at just 2 servings per day."], ["On the other hand, [subject] [verb]", "on-thuh-UTH-er-HAND · /ɒn ðə ˈʌðər hænd/", "Contrast informal — dùng khi muốn đổi cấu trúc, tránh lặp ‘by contrast’", "Hot coffee dominated in winter. On the other hand, iced coffee thrived in the warmer months."], ["[X] slightly/marginally outnumbered [Y]", "SLYT-lee-owt-NUM-berd · /ˈslaɪtli ˌaʊtˈnʌmbərd/", "Khi gap nhỏ — ‘slightly outnumbered’ chính xác hơn ‘was slightly higher than’", "Men slightly outnumbered women for sports trips (145 versus 130)."], ["[X] considerably/significantly exceeded [Y]", "kən-SID-er-uh-blee-ek-SEEBD · /kənˈsɪdərəbli ɪkˈsiːdɪd/", "Gap lớn — ‘exceeded’ formal hơn ‘was higher than’", "Men’s commuting trips considerably exceeded those of women, at 325 versus 210."], ["[X] was approximately [X] times higher/greater than [Y]", "AP-PROKS-ih-mit-lee-TYMZ · /əˈprɒksɪmɪtli taɪmz/", "Nêu bội số — cách so sánh chính xác và ấn tượng", "Iced coffee sales were approximately 20 times higher in summer than in winter."], ["the gap between [X] and [Y] was [adj]", "thuh-GAP-BIH-TWEEN · /ðə ɡæp bɪˈtwiːn/", "Cách nói về khoảng cách — thêm adjective để mô tả mức độ chênh lệch", "The gap between men and women was most pronounced for commuting and shopping trips."], ["the figures were broadly similar for [X] and [Y]", "BRAWD-lee-SIM-ih-ler · /ˈbrɔːdli ˈsɪmɪlər/", "Khi 2 items gần bằng nhau — ‘broadly similar’ học thuật hơn ‘almost the same’", "The figures were broadly similar for both genders when it came to visiting friends."], ["the most evenly matched [category]", "thuh-MOHST-EE-vun-lee-MACHT · /ðə moʊst ˈiːvənli mætʃt/", "Khi 1 category có 2 nhóm gần bằng nhau nhất trong chart", "Salad was the most evenly matched item, with identical figures of 25 in both seasons."], ["[X] and [Y] were almost identical at [figure]", "WUR-AWL-mohst-I-DEN-tih-kul · /wɜːr ˈɔːlmoʊst aɪˈdɛntɪkəl/", "Khi 2 con số gần bằng nhau hoàn toàn", "Sales of ice cream and salad were almost identical at 25 servings per day in winter."], ["[X] accounted for [X]% of the total", "uh-KOWNT-id-for-PURR-SENT · /əˈkaʊntɪd fɔːr pərˈsɛnt/", "Diễn đạt tỷ lệ phần trăm — đặc biệt quan trọng cho PIE CHART", "Housing accounted for 35% of the total household expenditure."], ["[X] represented [X]% of [the total/all trips]", "REP-rih-ZEN-tid-PURR-SENT · /ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntɪd pərˈsɛnt/", "Variation của ‘accounted for’ cho pie chart — avoid repeating same verb", "Shopping trips represented approximately 40% of all car journeys made by women."], ["the proportion of [X] was [higher/lower] than [Y]", "thuh-pruh-POR-shun · /ðə prəˈpɔːrʃən/", "Thay ‘number’ bằng ‘proportion’ khi nói về tỷ lệ", "The proportion of women’s shopping trips was considerably higher than that of men."], ["nearly/almost twice as [high/many] as [Y]", "NEER-lee-TWYS-az · /ˈnɪərli twaɪs æz/", "Bội số gần x2 — ‘nearly twice as high as’ chuẩn hơn ‘nearly double’", "Hot coffee sales in winter were nearly twice as high as in summer."], ["[X] was [3/4/5] times greater than [Y]", "WUZ-TYMZ-GRAYT-er · /wɒz taɪmz ˈɡreɪtər/", "Bội số lớn — dùng khi gap rõ ràng (iced coffee: 40 vs 2 = 20 times)", "Iced coffee sales in summer were approximately 20 times greater than in winter."], ["the [biggest/smallest/most dramatic] difference was between [X] and [Y]", "thuh-BIG-ist-DIF-er-uns · /ðə ˈbɪɡɪst ˈdɪfərəns/", "Highlight điểm chênh lệch nổi bật nhất trong chart", "The biggest difference was between winter and summer sales of iced coffee."], ["[X] was [adj] lower/higher compared to [Y]", "KOM-perd-tuh · /kəmˈpɛərd tə/", "Spoken-style comparison — dùng thỉnh thoảng để variation", "Women’s commuting trips were considerably lower compared to those made by men."], ["at [figure], [X] was lower/higher than [Y] at [figure]", "AT-FIG-yer-WUZ-LOH-er · /æt ˈfɪɡjər wɒz ˈloʊər/", "Cấu trúc so sánh compact — 2 con số trong 1 câu ngắn", "At 190, men’s shopping trips were lower than women’s at 275."], ["This contrasts with [X], where…", "THIS-kən-TRASTS-WIHT · /ðɪs kənˈtrɑːsts wɪð/", "Liên kết 2 điểm contrast — tạo cohesion giữa các câu body", "Women dominated shopping. This contrasts with commuting, where men recorded far higher figures."], ["rose/increased sharply to [figure]", "ROHZ-SHARP-lee · /roʊz ˈʃɑːrpli/", "Tăng nhanh, đột ngột — ‘sharply’ = steep angle trên graph", "The number of electric cars rose sharply to 2 million units between 2018 and 2020."], ["grew/increased steadily from [X] to [Y]", "GROO-STED-ih-lee · /ɡruː ˈstɛdɪli/", "Tăng đều, ổn định — ‘steadily’ = consistent, không quá nhanh hoặc chậm", "Enrolment grew steadily from 5,000 to 8,000 over the ten-year period."], ["climbed gradually from [X] to [Y]", "KLYMD-GRAD-yoo-uh-lee · /klaɪmd ˈɡrædʒuəli/", "Tăng từ từ, ít — ‘gradually’ = slow pace over time", "Average salaries climbed gradually from £25,000 to £32,000 between 2010 and 2020."], ["fell/declined sharply from [X] to [Y]", "FEL-SHARP-lee · /fɛl ˈʃɑːrpli/", "Giảm nhanh, đột ngột — đối xứng với ‘rose sharply’", "Unemployment fell sharply from 12% to 6% in the years following the recovery."], ["dropped/decreased gradually over the period", "DROPT-GRAD-yoo-uh-lee · /drɒpt ˈɡrædʒuəli/", "Giảm từ từ theo thời gian — ‘gradually’ = slow and steady", "Car ownership dropped gradually over the period as public transport improved."], ["levelled off at around [figure]", "LEV-uld-OFF · /ˈlɛvəld ɒf/", "Đạt đỉnh/đáy rồi ổn định, không đổi — key trend language", "After rising steeply, sales levelled off at around 500 units per month."], ["remained relatively stable/constant", "rih-MAYND-reh-LUH-tiv-lee-STAY-bul · /rɪˈmeɪnd ˈstɛɪbəl/", "Không thay đổi đáng kể — luôn dùng ‘relatively’ để hedge", "The population of rural areas remained relatively stable throughout the decade."], ["fluctuated between [X] and [Y]", "FLUK-choo-ay-tid-bih-TWEEN · /ˈflʌktʃueɪtɪd bɪˈtwiːn/", "Dao động lên xuống không ổn định — hay gặp trong line graph nhiều years", "Oil prices fluctuated between $40 and $80 per barrel over the five-year period."], ["reached a peak of [figure] in [year]", "REECHT-uh-PEEK · /riːtʃt ə piːk/", "Đạt đỉnh — sau ‘peak’ thường có ‘before declining/falling’", "Iced coffee sales reached a peak of 40 servings per day in the summer months."], ["fell to a low of [figure] in [year]", "FEL-tuh-uh-LOH · /fɛl tə ə loʊ/", "Đạt đáy — đối xứng với ‘reached a peak of’", "Soup sales fell to a low of 25 servings per day during the summer period."], ["before recovering to [figure]", "bih-FOR-rih-KUV-er-ing · /bɪˈfɔːr rɪˈkʌvərɪŋ/", "Giảm rồi tăng trở lại — tạo narrative cho line graph", "Sales fell sharply in 2008 before recovering to pre-recession levels by 2011."], ["after an initial [rise/fall], [X] then [verb]", "AF-ter-an-ih-NISH-ul · /ˈæftər æn ɪˈnɪʃəl/", "Cấu trúc nối 2 giai đoạn trên line graph", "After an initial rise, the number of visitors then declined steadily from 2015 onward."], ["[X] underwent a dramatic increase/decline", "UN-der-WENT-uh-druh-MAT-ik · /ˌʌndərˈwɛnt ə drəˈmætɪk/", "Variation học thuật của ‘rose/fell dramatically’ — verb is ‘underwent’", "The unemployment rate underwent a dramatic decline following the new economic policies."], ["experienced a significant rise/fall", "ek-SPEER-ee-unst-uh-SIG-nif-ih-kunt · /ɪkˈspɪəriənst ə sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/", "Dùng khi muốn tránh lặp ‘rose/fell’ — ‘experienced’ là subject/verb mạnh", "The number of electric vehicles experienced a significant rise between 2015 and 2020."], ["saw a modest/slight increase", "SAW-uh-MOD-ist · /sɔː ə ˈmɒdɪst/", "Tăng nhỏ — ‘modest’ lịch sự hơn ‘small’, ‘slight’ nhỏ hơn nữa", "The population saw a modest increase of around 2% over the ten-year period."], ["more than doubled/tripled over [the period]", "MOR-THAN-DUB-uld-OH-ver · /mɔːr ðæn ˈdʌbəld ˈoʊvər/", "Tăng gấp đôi/ba — impressive và compact, tốt cho overview hoặc body", "The number of smartphone users more than doubled over the five-year period."], ["by the end of the period, [X] had [risen/fallen] to", "by-thuh-END-ov · /baɪ ðə ɛnd əv/", "Tóm tắt điểm cuối của time period — dùng kết thúc body hoặc overview", "By the end of the period, the figure had risen to approximately 80 million users."], ["at the start of the period", "at-thuh-START-ov · /æt ðə stɑːrt əv/", "Điểm khởi đầu — dùng thay cho ‘In [year]’ khi không nhớ năm chính xác", "At the start of the period, the figure stood at just under 10 million."], ["[X] showed an upward/downward trend throughout", "SHOHD-an-UP-werd-TREND · /ʃoʊd æn ˈʌpwərd trɛnd/", "Xu hướng chung trong cả giai đoạn — dùng ở body khi Overview đã dùng ‘clear trend’", "The unemployment rate showed a consistent downward trend throughout the decade."], ["the rate of [increase/decrease] slowed in [year]", "thuh-RAYT-ov-in-KREES-SLOHD · /ðə reɪt əv ɪnˈkriːs sloʊd/", "Tốc độ tăng/giảm chậm dần — nuanced observation cho line graph", "The rate of increase slowed significantly in the final years of the period."], ["both figures converged at around [X] in [year]", "KUN-vurjd · /kənˈvɜːrdʒd/", "2 lines gặp nhau tại 1 điểm — technical term, rất ấn tượng trong Task 1", "The two lines converged at around 50% in 2015, before diverging again."], ["— DEGREE OF CHANGE —", "", "Mức độ thay đổi (adj → adv)", ""], ["dramatic → dramatically", "druh-MÆ-tik / druh-MÆ-tik-lee", "Rất lớn (dùng 1 lần/bài, tránh lạm dụng)", "Sales rose dramatically from 20% to 85% over the decade."], ["substantial → substantially", "sub-STÆN-shul / sub-STÆN-shul-ee", "Lớn đáng kể (= considerable, significant)", "The number of users increased substantially, reaching 4 million by 2020."], ["significant → significantly", "sig-NIF-ih-kunt / sig-NIF-ih-kunt-lee", "Lớn, có ý nghĩa (phổ biến nhất nhóm này)", "Exports grew significantly to 80% of total revenue."], ["considerable → considerably", "kun-SID-er-uh-bul / kun-SID-er-uh-blee", "Đáng kể (= substantial, significant)", "Temperatures rose considerably in the southern regions."], ["remarkable → remarkably", "rih-MARK-uh-bul / rih-MARK-uh-blee", "Đáng chú ý, ấn tượng (nhấn mạnh sự bất ngờ)", "The economy recovered remarkably after the 2008 crisis."], ["noticeable → noticeably", "NOH-tis-uh-bul / NOH-tis-uh-blee", "Nhận thấy được — mức trung bình", "There was a noticeable improvement in test scores after the programme."], ["moderate → moderately", "MOD-er-it / MOD-er-it-lee", "Vừa phải — không quá lớn, không quá nhỏ", "Prices increased moderately, rising by around 5% per year."], ["marked → markedly", "MARKT / MARK-id-lee", "Rõ rệt (formal, = noticeable)", "There was a marked difference between male and female participation rates."], ["modest → modestly", "MOD-ist / MOD-ist-lee", "Khiêm tốn, nhỏ (= slight)", "The figure rose modestly from 12% to 15% over five years."], ["slight → slightly", "SLAIT / SLAIT-lee", "Nhỏ (phổ biến nhất nhóm nhỏ)", "The figure rose slightly by 2%, from 18% to 20%."], ["minimal → minimally", "MIN-ih-mul / MIN-ih-mul-ee", "Tối thiểu, gần như không thay đổi", "Costs changed minimally, hovering around $50 throughout the period."], ["marginal → marginally", "MAR-jih-nul / MAR-jih-nul-ee", "Không đáng kể (= minimal, slight; tránh lặp từ)", "There was only a marginal change in the figures over the period."], ["— SPEED OF CHANGE —", "", "Tốc độ thay đổi (adj → adv)", ""], ["sharp → sharply", "SHARP / SHARP-lee", "Nhanh, đột ngột (rose/fell sharply)", "The unemployment rate dropped sharply from 12% to 4% in two years."], ["rapid → rapidly", "RÆP-id / RÆP-id-lee", "Nhanh chóng (nhấn mạnh tốc độ)", "Internet usage grew rapidly throughout the 1990s."], ["steep → steeply", "STEEP / STEEP-lee", "Dốc, mạnh (hình ảnh đường dốc trong biểu đồ)", "Prices fell steeply during the financial crisis."], ["steady → steadily", "STED-ee / STED-ih-lee", "Đều đặn, ổn định — xu hướng không gián đoạn", "The population grew steadily over the decade, averaging 2% per year."], ["gradual → gradually", "GRAJ-oo-ul / GRAJ-oo-ul-ee", "Từ từ, dần dần (chậm hơn steady)", "The gap between the two groups narrowed gradually over time."], ["sudden → suddenly", "SUD-un / SUD-un-lee", "Đột ngột, bất ngờ (không có dấu hiệu trước)", "There was a sudden drop in sales following the product recall."], ["abrupt → abruptly", "uh-BRUPT / uh-BRUPT-lee", "Đột ngột, cắt ngang (= sudden, formal hơn)", "Growth stopped abruptly in 2008 when the financial crisis hit."], ["— TREND VERBS (bổ sung) —", "", "Động từ xu hướng còn thiếu", ""], ["halve / halved", "HÆV / HÆVD", "Giảm một nửa (= decrease by 50%)", "The number of smokers halved between 1990 and 2010, from 40% to 20%."], ["dive / dived", "DAIV / DAIVD", "Lao dốc mạnh (informal, short-term crash)", "Share prices dived following the announcement of the merger."], ["maintain the same level", "men-TAYN thuh SAYM LEV-ul", "Duy trì mức cũ (= remain stable/unchanged)", "Production maintained the same level for three consecutive years."], ["remain unchanged", "rih-MAYN un-CHAYNJD", "Không thay đổi hoàn toàn", "The proportion of female workers remained unchanged at 45% throughout."], ["stand at / stood at [figure]", "STÆND ÆT / STOOD ÆT", "Đứng ở mức / đạt mức — nêu con số cụ thể", "By 2020, the figure stood at 78%, up from 32% in 2000."], ["— GRAMMAR: TENSES —", "", "Ngữ pháp thì động từ — Writing Task 1", ""], ["Past simple → sự kiện liên tiếp", "PÆST SIM-pul", "Sự kiện/xu hướng liên tiếp trong quá khứ (không liên quan hiện tại)", "There was a significant rise in 1964. Then, the figure dipped sharply in 1980."], ["had [v3] by [year] — past perfect", "PÆST PER-fikt", "Hoàn tất TRƯỚC một mốc thời gian — thứ tự trước/sau", "By 1980, the figure had already risen to 5 million, up from just 1 million a decade earlier."], ["has/have been [v-ing] since [year] — present perfect", "PREZ-unt PER-fikt", "Xu hướng bắt đầu quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại", "There has been a significant rise since 2013, and the figure now stands at 15,000."], ["is expected / predicted / forecast to [verb]", "iz ek-SPEK-tid / prih-DIK-tid / FORE-kæst", "Dự đoán tương lai — khi biểu đồ có projected data", "The figure is expected to reach 800 million by 2050."], ["It is predicted/estimated that [X] will [verb]", "it iz prih-DIK-tid / ES-tih-may-tid", "Dự báo tương lai — cấu trúc thay thế ‘is expected to’", "It is estimated that the population will double and reach 20 million by 2040."], ["Note: 7 key trend verbs to memorise", "TREND-VURBZ · /trɛnd vɜːrbz/", "rose / fell / fluctuated / levelled off / peaked / reached a low / remained stable", "Practice: ‘Sales rose sharply, peaked at X, then levelled off at Y before falling gradually.’"], ["A similar pattern was observed for [X]", "W1 · /ə ˈsɪmɪlər ˈpætərn wəz əbˈzɜːvd fɔː/", "Mô hình tương tự được ghi nhận ở [X] — passive, formal hơn ‘followed a similar pattern’", "A similar pattern was observed for sports trips, with men (150) slightly ahead of women (130)."], ["the figures were relatively close", "W1 · /ˈrelətɪvli kləʊs/", "Hai con số khá gần nhau — dùng khi gap nhỏ, tránh nói số mà không nhận xét", "The figures for visiting friends were relatively close, at 210 for women and 200 for men."], ["a gap of roughly [X]", "W1 · /ə ɡæp əv ˈrʌfli/", "Khoảng cách khoảng [X] — nói gap bằng phép trừ, elegant hơn liệt kê 2 số", "Women made 280 shopping trips compared to 190 for men, a gap of roughly 90 trips."], ["[X] dominated [category]", "W1 · /ˈdɒmɪneɪtɪd/", "Chiếm ưu thế rõ rệt trong [lĩnh vực] — mạnh hơn ‘was higher than’, dùng khi gap lớn", "Men dominated the commuting category, making around 325 trips compared to just 210 for women."], ["[X] was the most popular purpose for [group]", "W1 · /ˈpɒpjʊlə ˈpɜːpəs/", "Mục đích phổ biến nhất với [nhóm] — câu topic tốt cho Detail paragraph", "Shopping was the most popular purpose for women, accounting for approximately 280 trips per year."], ["[X] considerably outnumbered [Y] in [category]", "W1 · /kənˈsɪdərəbli ˌaʊtˈnʌmbəd/", "Vượt trội rõ về số lượng — ‘outnumber’ chính xác khi so sánh người/chuyến đi, không dùng cho tỉ lệ %", "Men considerably outnumbered women in commuting, at 325 trips versus just 210."], ["The most striking difference was seen in [X]", "W1 · /ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈdɪfrəns/", "Highlight điểm contrast lớn nhất — đặt đầu Detail 1 hoặc 2 để dẫn vào số liệu", "The most striking difference was seen in commuting, where men made 325 trips compared to 210 for women."], ["broadly comparable / roughly equal", "W1 · /ˈbrɔːdli kəmˈpærəbl/", "Tương đương, gần bằng nhau — tránh lặp ‘relatively close’, thay nhau dùng", "The figures for visiting friends were broadly comparable, with women at 210 and men at 200 trips."], ["growing from [X]% to [Y]% — [comment] over [time]", "W1 · /ˈɡrəʊɪŋ frɒm/", "Số đầu + số cuối + em dash + nhận xét — 1 câu nói đủ 3 thứ, ấn tượng hơn chỉ liệt kê 2 số", "Rugby saw the most dramatic rise, growing from 12% to 24% — doubling over two decades."], ["[X] also recorded a [adj] increase/decline", "W1 · /ˈɔːlsəʊ rɪˈkɔːdɪd/", "’also’ = cohesion device nối câu 2 vào câu 1 cùng xu hướng — tránh bắt đầu câu mới bằng item name", "Cricket also recorded a modest increase, moving from 12% in both 1990 and 2000 to 14% by 2010."], ["followed a slightly different pattern, [V]-ing from [X] to [Y] before [V]-ing back to [Z]", "W1 · /ˈfɒləʊd ə ˈslaɪtli ˈdɪfrənt ˈpætərn/", "Dùng khi item đi ngược xu hướng chung (tăng rồi giảm, hoặc giảm rồi tăng) — ‘before + V-ing’ mô tả đảo chiều", "Swimming followed a slightly different pattern, rising from 15% to 18% in 2000 before falling back to 16% in 2010."], ["The two [charts] show broadly similar patterns", "W1 · /ˈbrɔːdli ˈsɪmɪlər ˈpætənz/", "Overview chuẩn khi 2 pie charts giống nhau — bắt buộc dùng cho dạng 2 biểu đồ", "Overall, the two charts show broadly similar patterns, with formal study being the most common reason in both cases."], ["[A] and [B] together represented/accounted for the majority — [X]% of [total]", "W1 · /təˈɡeðər rɪˈprezentɪd ðə məˈdʒɒrɪti/", "Gộp 2 categories → nêu tổng — tránh liệt kê từng số, tạo insight lớn hơn", "Together, these two categories represented the majority — 59% of immigration and 54% of emigration."], ["The most notable difference was in [X], where [A] ([Y]%) was higher than [B] ([Z]%)", "W1 · /ˈməʊst ˈnəʊtəbl ˈdɪfrəns/", "Mở Detail 2 pie chart bằng highlight điểm khác biệt lớn nhất — formal và rõ ràng", "The most notable difference was in the accompany/join category, where emigration (14%) was considerably higher than immigration (10%)."], ["broadly comparable across both charts", "W1 · /ˈbrɔːdli kəmˈpærəbl əˈkrɒs/", "Gộp nhiều categories nhỏ giống nhau vào 1 câu — tránh liệt kê từng số lẻ tẻ", "The remaining categories were broadly comparable across both charts, each accounting for under 10%."], ["more than quadrupling / more than tripling over [period]", "W1 · /ˈkwɒdruːplɪŋ/", "Tăng gấp 4 (quadruple) hoặc gấp 3 (triple) — ấn tượng hơn viết số tuyệt đối", "In-person visits more than quadrupled over just six months, rising from 450 to 1,900."], ["had overtaken [X] by [month/year]", "W1 · /həd ˌəʊvəˈteɪkən/", "Vượt qua mốc/đối thủ — past perfect vì xảy ra trước thời điểm so sánh", "In-person requests had overtaken both other channels by March."], ["followed the opposite trend, declining steadily", "W1 · /ˈɒpəzɪt trend/", "Mở đoạn contrast bằng ‘opposite trend’ — mạnh hơn ‘By contrast, [X] fell’", "By contrast, letter/email requests followed the opposite trend, declining steadily throughout."], ["less than half the [month/year] figure", "W1 · /les ðən hɑːf ðə ˈfɪɡə/", "So sánh với điểm đầu kỳ — elegant hơn nêu % giảm tuyệt đối", "By June, requests had fallen to just 350 — less than half the January figure."], ["the ranking of all three [categories] effectively reversed", "W1 · /ˈræŋkɪŋ ɪˈfektɪvli rɪˈvɜːst/", "Nhận xét đảo thứ hạng — câu kết bài rất ấn tượng khi 3 lines giao nhau hoàn toàn", "The ranking of all three channels effectively reversed over the six-month period."], ["declined consistently throughout the period", "W1 · /dɪˈklaɪnd kənˈsɪstəntli/", "’consistently’ = giảm đều, không có ngoại lệ nào — mạnh hơn chỉ ‘declined steadily’", "Letter/email enquiries declined consistently throughout the period, falling from 750 to 350."]]

[["make an appointment","MAKE-un-uh-POINT-munt · /meɪk ən əˈpɔɪntmənt/","đặt lịch hẹn khám bệnh","I need to make an appointment with my primary care doctor."],["primary care physician","PRI-mair-ee-KAIR fih-ZI-shun · /ˈpraɪmɛri kɛr fɪˈzɪʃən/","bác sĩ gia đình, bác sĩ chính","You need a referral from your primary care physician to see a specialist."],["health insurance","HELTH in-SHOOR-uns · /hɛlθ ɪnˈʃʊərəns/","bảo hiểm y tế","Does your employer offer health insurance from day one?"],["co-pay","KOH-pay · /ˈkoʊpeɪ/","khoản tiền tự trả mỗi lần khám (thường 20-50 đô)","My co-pay for a specialist visit is $40."],["deductible","dih-DUK-tih-bul · /dɪˈdʌktɪbəl/","mức khấu trừ tự trả trước khi bảo hiểm chi","My deductible is $1,500 – I have to pay that myself before insurance kicks in."],["out-of-pocket maximum","OWT-ov-POK-it MAX-ih-mum · /aʊt əv ˈpɒkɪt ˈmæksɪməm/","tổng số tiền tối đa bạn tự trả trong năm","Once I hit my out-of-pocket maximum, insurance covers 100%."],["in-network","IN-net-wurk · /ɪn ˈnɛtwɜːrk/","trong mạng lưới bảo hiểm, rẻ hơn","Always check that your doctor is in-network before booking."],["out-of-network","OWT-ov-NET-wurk · /aʊt əv ˈnɛtwɜːrk/","ngoài mạng lưới, tốn kém hơn nhiều","I accidentally saw an out-of-network specialist and got a huge bill."],["prior authorization","PRI-or aw-thor-ih-ZAY-shun · /ˈpraɪər ˌɔːθərɪˈzeɪʃən/","phê duyệt trước từ bảo hiểm","The medication requires prior authorization – I am waiting to hear back."],["fill a prescription","FIL-uh-prih-SKRIP-shun · /fɪl ə prɪˈskrɪpʃən/","lấy thuốc theo đơn tại nhà thuốc","I need to fill this prescription at the Walgreens on 5th Avenue."],["generic vs brand-name","jeh-NAIR-ik vs BRAND-naym · /dʒɪˈnɛrɪk/","thuốc gốc vs thuốc có thương hiệu, rẻ hơn nhiều","Ask for the generic version – it is the same drug but much cheaper."],["urgent care","UR-junt KAIR · /ˈɜːrdʒənt kɛr/","phòng khám cấp cứu nhẹ, không cần hẹn","For minor injuries, urgent care is faster and cheaper than the ER."],["emergency room","ih-MUR-jun-see ROOM · /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi ruːm/","phòng cấp cứu ER, chỉ dùng khi thật sự khẩn cấp","A visit to the emergency room can cost thousands without insurance."],["explanation of benefits","ek-SPLAN-ay-shun-ov-BEN-ih-fits · /ɪkˌsplæneɪʃən əv ˈbɛnɪfɪts/","bảng tóm tắt quyền lợi bảo hiểm EOB, không phải hóa đơn","The explanation of benefits shows what insurance paid and what you owe."],["open enrollment","OH-pun en-ROL-munt · /ˈoʊpən ɪnˈroʊlmənt/","giai đoạn đăng ký bảo hiểm hàng năm","Open enrollment only lasts a few weeks – do not miss it."],["HSA and FSA","H-S-A · /eɪtʃ ɛs eɪ/","tài khoản tiết kiệm y tế miễn thuế","I put $1,000 in my HSA to cover dental and vision expenses."],["referral","rih-FUR-ul · /rɪˈfɜːrəl/","giấy giới thiệu từ bác sĩ chính để gặp chuyên khoa","You need a referral from your GP to see a dermatologist."],["I have a sharp pain","ai-HAV-uh-SHARP-PAYN · /aɪ hæv ə ʃɑːrp peɪn/","tôi bị đau nhói, hoặc đau âm ỉ","I have a sharp pain in my lower back that started this morning."],["over-the-counter","OH-ver-thuh-KOWN-ter · /ˌoʊvər ðə ˈkaʊntər/","thuốc không cần kê đơn, mua trực tiếp tại nhà thuốc","Ibuprofen is available over-the-counter at any pharmacy."],["mental health coverage","MEN-tul-HELTH-KUV-er-ij · /ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/","bảo hiểm cho sức khoẻ tâm thần","Check if your plan includes mental health coverage – therapy can be expensive."],["ambulance","AM-byoo-luns · /ˈæmbjʊləns/","xe cứu thương","An ambulance ride in the US can cost over $1,000 without insurance."],["I am allergic to","aim-uh-LUR-jik-too · /aɪm əˈlɜːrdʒɪk tuː/","tôi dị ứng với (nói với bác sĩ trước khi dùng thuốc)","Make sure to tell your doctor that you are allergic to penicillin."],["annual physical","AN-yoo-ul FIZ-ih-kul · /ˈænjuəl ˈfɪzɪkəl/","khám sức khoẻ định kỳ hàng năm, thường miễn phí với bảo hiểm","Most insurance plans cover one annual physical at no extra cost."],["What are my symptoms","wut-ar-mai-SIMP-tumz · /wɒt ɑːr maɪ ˈsɪmptəmz/","triệu chứng của tôi là gì, để mô tả với bác sĩ","The nurse asked me to describe my symptoms before the doctor came in."],["out-of-state coverage","OWT-ov-STAYT-KUV-er-ij · /aʊt əv steɪt ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/","bảo hiểm có áp dụng khi đi tiểu bang khác không","Check whether your plan has out-of-state coverage before you travel."],["copay vs coinsurance","KOH-pay-vs-KOH-in-SHOOR-uns · /ˈkoʊpeɪ vs ˌkoʊɪnˈʃʊərəns/","copay là số tiền cố định, coinsurance là phần trăm bạn trả","Your copay is fixed at $30, but coinsurance means you pay 20% of the total bill."],["pre-existing condition","PRE-eg-ZIS-ting-kun-DISH-un · /priː ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən/","bệnh có từ trước khi mua bảo hiểm","Under the ACA, insurers cannot deny coverage for pre-existing conditions."],["ACA marketplace","A-C-A-MAR-kit-plays · /eɪ siː eɪ ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/","sàn mua bảo hiểm theo Đạo luật ACA (Obamacare)","If your employer does not offer insurance, check the ACA marketplace."],["specialist","SPESH-uh-list · /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/","bác sĩ chuyên khoa như tim mạch, da liễu, chỉnh hình","I got a referral to see a cardiologist, a heart specialist."],["telehealth visit","TEL-ih-helth-VIZ-it · /ˈtɛlɪhɛlθ ˈvɪzɪt/","khám bệnh từ xa qua video call","My insurance covers telehealth visits at no extra cost."],["formulary","FOR-myoo-lair-ee · /ˈfɔːrmjʊlɛri/","danh sách thuốc được bảo hiểm chi trả","Check the plan formulary before filling a prescription to know your cost."],["Medicaid vs Medicare","MED-ih-kayd vs MED-ih-kair · /ˈmɛdɪkeɪd vs ˈmɛdɪkɛr/","Medicaid cho người thu nhập thấp, Medicare cho người trên 65 tuổi","Medicaid is income-based while Medicare is age-based, starting at 65."],["network directory","NET-wurk-dih-REK-tor-ee · /ˈnɛtwɜːrk dɪˈrɛktəri/","danh bạ bác sĩ trong mạng lưới bảo hiểm","Use the insurance network directory to find an in-network doctor near you."],["dental and vision coverage","DEN-tul-AND-VIZH-un-KUV-er-ij · /ˈdɛntəl ænd ˈvɪʒən ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/","bảo hiểm nha khoa và thị giác, thường bán riêng","Dental and vision coverage are usually sold as separate add-on plans."],["out-of-network balance billing","OWT-ov-NET-wurk-BAL-uns-BIL-ing · /aʊt əv ˈnɛtwɜːrk ˈbæləns ˈbɪlɪŋ/","hóa đơn phụ từ bác sĩ ngoài mạng lưới","Always ask if providers are in-network to avoid surprise balance billing."],["healthcare proxy","HELTH-kair-PROK-see · /ˈhɛlθkɛr ˈprɒksi/","ủy quyền y tế cho người thân quyết định thay khi bạn không thể","Assign a healthcare proxy in case you cannot make medical decisions yourself."],["HIPAA privacy","HIP-uh-PRIV-uh-see · /ˈhɪpə ˈprɪvəsi/","luật bảo mật hồ sơ y tế","Under HIPAA, your medical records cannot be shared without your consent."],["ER vs urgent care vs primary care","E-R-vs-UR-junt-KAIR · /iː ɑːr/","chọn đúng loại phòng khám tiết kiệm chi phí","Use urgent care for non-emergency issues to avoid a costly ER visit."],["prescription drug discount card","prih-SKRIP-shun-DRUG-DIS-kownt-KARD · /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/","thẻ giảm giá thuốc như GoodRx, dùng khi không có bảo hiểm thuốc","Show your GoodRx card at the pharmacy to reduce prescription costs."],["health savings account","HELTH-SAYV-ingz-uh-KOWNT · /hɛlθ ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt/","tài khoản HSA miễn thuế để chi trả chi phí y tế","You can use your health savings account for copays, glasses, and dental work."]]

[["open a checking account","OH-pun-uh-CHEK-ing-uh-KOWNT · /ˈoʊpən ə ˈtʃɛkɪŋ əˈkaʊnt/","mở tài khoản thanh toán để dùng hàng ngày","I need to open a checking account to receive my direct deposit."],["savings account","SAYV-ingz-uh-KOWNT · /ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt/","tài khoản tiết kiệm","Keep your emergency fund in a high-yield savings account."],["direct deposit","dih-REKT-DEP-oh-zit · /dɪˈrɛkt ˈdɛpəzɪt/","chuyển lương thẳng vào tài khoản","Set up direct deposit with HR before your first paycheck."],["credit score","KRED-it-SKOR · /ˈkrɛdɪt skɔːr/","điểm tín dụng từ 300 đến 850, cần trên 700 để thuê nhà hoặc vay tiền","A credit score above 700 will help you get approved for an apartment."],["build credit","BILD-KRED-it · /bɪld ˈkrɛdɪt/","xây dựng lịch sử tín dụng","Get a secured credit card to start building credit when you first arrive."],["secured credit card","sih-KYOORD-KRED-it-KARD · /sɪˈkjʊərd ˈkrɛdɪt kɑːrd/","thẻ tín dụng ký quỹ dành cho người chưa có credit","A secured credit card requires a deposit but helps you establish credit history."],["credit utilization","KRED-it-yoo-til-ih-ZAY-shun · /ˈkrɛdɪt juːtɪlɪˈzeɪʃən/","tỷ lệ sử dụng hạn mức tín dụng, giữ dưới 30 phần trăm","Keep your credit utilization below 30% to maintain a good score."],["hard inquiry","HARD-in-KWEER-ee · /hɑːrd ɪnˈkwaɪəri/","tra cứu tín dụng cứng, làm giảm điểm nhẹ","Every time you apply for a new card, a hard inquiry lowers your score slightly."],["routing number","ROO-ting-NUM-ber · /ˈruːtɪŋ ˈnʌmbər/","mã định tuyến ngân hàng 9 chữ số, dùng để chuyển khoản","You will need your routing number and account number to set up direct deposit."],["wire transfer","WIR-TRANS-fer · /ˈwaɪər ˈtrænsfer/","chuyển khoản điện tử, thường mất 2-3 ngày làm việc","International wire transfers typically take 2 to 3 business days."],["overdraft","OH-ver-draft · /ˈoʊvərdræft/","thấu chi khi rút quá số dư tài khoản, thường bị phạt phí","Turn off overdraft protection to avoid surprise fees."],["minimum payment","MIN-ih-mum-PAY-munt · /ˈmɪnɪməm ˈpeɪmənt/","số tiền tối thiểu phải trả thẻ mỗi tháng","Always pay more than the minimum payment to avoid high interest."],["APR","A-P-R · /eɪ piː ɑːr/","lãi suất hàng năm Annual Percentage Rate","This credit card has a 24% APR – pay the balance in full each month."],["grace period","GRAYS-PEER-ee-ud · /ɡreɪs ˈpɪəriəd/","thời gian ân hạn trả nợ không phát sinh lãi","Most cards have a 21-day grace period after the statement date."],["401k","FOR-oh-WUN-KAY · /fɔːr oʊ wʌn keɪ/","quỹ hưu trí do công ty hỗ trợ, nên đóng tối đa phần employer match","Always contribute enough to get the full employer match on your 401k."],["W-2 and W-4","DUB-ul-yoo-TOO · /ˈdʌbəljuː tuː/","biểu mẫu thuế: W-2 là thu nhập, W-4 là khấu trừ thuế","Fill out a W-4 when you start a new job to set your tax withholding."],["tax return","TAX-rih-TURN · /tæks rɪˈtɜːrn/","khai thuế hàng năm, deadline 15 tháng 4","File your tax return by April 15th to avoid penalties."],["Social Security Number","SOH-shul-sih-KYOOR-ih-tee-NUM-ber · /ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊərɪti ˈnʌmbər/","số an sinh xã hội SSN, quan trọng nhất ở Mỹ","You need a Social Security Number to open a bank account and get a job."],["Zelle and Venmo","ZEL / VEN-moh · /zɛl ˈvɛnmoʊ/","ứng dụng chuyển tiền phổ biến nhất ở Mỹ","Most people use Zelle or Venmo to split bills and pay rent."],["bill autopay","BIL-AW-toh-pay · /bɪl ˈɔːtoʊpeɪ/","tự động thanh toán hóa đơn hàng tháng","Set up autopay for utilities and credit cards to never miss a due date."],["FICO score","FI-koh-SKOR · /ˈfaɪkoʊ skɔːr/","điểm tín dụng FICO, loại phổ biến nhất","Landlords typically check your FICO score before approving your application."],["money order","MUN-ee-OR-der · /ˈmʌni ˈɔːrdər/","lệnh chuyển tiền, dùng khi không có séc cá nhân","Some landlords only accept a money order or cashier check for the deposit."],["statement closing date","STAYT-munt-KLOH-zing-DAYT · /ˈsteɪtmənt ˈkloʊzɪŋ deɪt/","ngày khoá sao kê hàng tháng","Pay your balance before the statement closing date to avoid interest."],["balance transfer","BAL-uns-TRANS-fer · /ˈbæləns ˈtrænsfer/","chuyển số dư nợ từ thẻ này sang thẻ khác lãi thấp hơn","A balance transfer card with 0% APR can help you pay off debt faster."],["credit report","KRED-it-rih-PORT · /ˈkrɛdɪt rɪˈpɔːrt/","báo cáo tín dụng từ Equifax, Experian, TransUnion","Check your credit report annually at AnnualCreditReport.com for free."],["dispute a charge","dih-SPYOOT-uh-CHARJ · /dɪˈspjuːt ə tʃɑːrdʒ/","khiếu nại giao dịch sai trên thẻ","I noticed an unauthorized charge and called the bank to dispute it."],["chargeback","CHARJ-bak · /ˈtʃɑːrdʒbæk/","ngân hàng hoàn tiền khi bạn khiếu nại thành công","The bank processed a chargeback after I proved the merchant never shipped my item."],["ACH transfer","A-C-H-TRANS-fer · /eɪ siː eɪtʃ ˈtrænsfer/","chuyển khoản điện tử nội địa qua mạng ACH","ACH transfers are free and take 1 to 3 business days."],["Roth IRA","RAWTH-I-R-A · /rɒθ aɪ ɑːr eɪ/","tài khoản hưu trí Roth IRA, rút tiền sau này miễn thuế","Contributing to a Roth IRA now means tax-free withdrawals in retirement."],["index fund","IN-deks-FUND · /ˈɪndɛks fʌnd/","quỹ chỉ số, đầu tư thụ động chi phí thấp","Most financial advisors recommend low-cost index funds for long-term investing."],["1099 vs W-2","TEN-ninety-NINE-vs-DUB-ul-yoo-TOO · /tɛn naɪnti naɪn/","1099 là freelance, W-2 là nhân viên chính thức","If you are freelancing, expect a 1099 form instead of a W-2 at tax time."],["IRS","I-R-S · /aɪ ɑːr ɛs/","Cơ quan Thuế vụ Hoa Kỳ","Never ignore a letter from the IRS – respond promptly to avoid penalties."],["standard deduction","STAN-derd-dih-DUK-shun · /ˈstændərd dɪˈdʌkʃən/","khoản khấu trừ chuẩn khi khai thuế, hầu hết chọn cái này","Most Americans take the standard deduction rather than itemizing expenses."],["tax bracket","TAX-BRAK-it · /tæks ˈbrækɪt/","bậc thuế thu nhập, thuế suất tăng theo mức thu nhập","Moving into a higher tax bracket does not mean all your income is taxed at that rate."],["credit freeze","KRED-it-FREEZ · /ˈkrɛdɪt friːz/","đóng băng tín dụng để phòng trộm danh tính","If your SSN is leaked, immediately place a credit freeze with all three bureaus."],["payday loan","PAY-day-LOHN · /ˈpeɪdeɪ loʊn/","vay ngắn hạn lãi cực cao, nên tránh","Payday loans have APRs over 400% – avoid them if at all possible."],["net pay vs gross pay","NET-PAY-vs-GROSS-PAY · /nɛt peɪ vs ɡroʊs peɪ/","net pay là lương thực nhận sau thuế, gross là trước thuế","Your gross pay is $5,000 but your net pay after taxes is about $3,800."],["direct deposit split","dih-REKT-DEP-oh-zit-SPLIT · /dɪˈrɛkt ˈdɛpəzɪt splɪt/","chia lương tự động vào nhiều tài khoản","Set up a direct deposit split to automatically send 20% to your savings account."],["NSF fee","N-S-F-FEE · /ɛn ɛs ɛf fiː/","phí trả lại do không đủ số dư (Non-Sufficient Funds)","I got hit with a $35 NSF fee because my rent payment bounced."]]

[["security deposit","sih-KYOOR-ih-tee-DEP-oh-zit · /sɪˈkjʊərɪti ˈdɛpəzɪt/","tiền đặt cọc thuê nhà, thường 1-2 tháng tiền thuê","The security deposit is refundable if you leave the unit in good condition."],["lease agreement","LEES-uh-GREE-munt · /liːs əˈɡriːmənt/","hợp đồng thuê nhà","Read the lease agreement carefully before signing, especially the early termination clause."],["month-to-month","MUNTH-tuh-MUNTH · /mʌnθ tə mʌnθ/","hợp đồng thuê theo tháng, linh hoạt nhưng đắt hơn","After the lease ends, you can switch to month-to-month for flexibility."],["utilities included","yoo-TIL-ih-teez-in-KLOO-did · /juːˈtɪlɪtiz ɪnˈkluːdɪd/","tiền điện nước đã bao gồm trong giá thuê","Is the apartment utilities included, or do I pay electricity separately?"],["renters insurance","REN-terz-in-SHOOR-uns · /ˈrɛntərz ɪnˈʃʊərəns/","bảo hiểm tài sản cho người thuê, thường 15 đô mỗi tháng","Renters insurance covers your belongings in case of fire or theft."],["landlord","LAND-lord · /ˈlændlɔːrd/","chủ nhà","My landlord is responsible for major repairs under the lease terms."],["property management","PROP-er-tee-MAN-ij-munt · /ˈprɒpərti ˈmænɪdʒmənt/","công ty quản lý bất động sản","Contact the property management office for maintenance requests."],["maintenance request","MAYN-tih-nuns-rih-KWEST · /ˈmeɪntənəns rɪˈkwɛst/","yêu cầu sửa chữa gửi cho quản lý tòa nhà","I submitted a maintenance request for the broken heater two days ago."],["give 30 days notice","GIV-THUR-tee-DAYZ-NOH-tis · /ɡɪv ˈθɜːrti deɪz ˈnoʊtɪs/","báo trước 30 ngày khi muốn chuyển đi","Most leases require you to give 30 days notice before moving out."],["credit check","KRED-it-CHEK · /ˈkrɛdɪt tʃɛk/","kiểm tra tín dụng của người thuê nhà","The landlord will run a credit check as part of the rental application."],["proof of income","PROOF-ov-IN-kum · /pruːf əv ˈɪŋkʌm/","bằng chứng thu nhập như pay stub hoặc offer letter, thường cần 3 lần tiền thuê","You will need to show proof of income, usually 3 times the monthly rent."],["sublease and sublet","SUB-lees / SUB-let · /ˈsʌbliːs ˈsʌblɛt/","cho thuê lại khi bạn vẫn còn trong hợp đồng gốc","Make sure your lease allows subletting before you find a sublet."],["square footage","SKWAIR-FUH-tij · /skwɛr ˈfʊtɪdʒ/","diện tích theo foot vuông, 1 mét vuông xấp xỉ 10.76 sq ft","The apartment is 800 square feet, about 74 square meters."],["HOA fees","H-O-A-FEEZ · /eɪtʃ oʊ eɪ fiːz/","phí quản lý khu dân cư cho condo hoặc townhouse","The HOA fees cover landscaping, the gym, and trash removal."],["move-in checklist","MOOV-in-CHEK-list · /muːv ɪn ˈtʃɛklɪst/","danh sách kiểm tra tình trạng phòng khi nhận bàn giao","Document all existing damage on the move-in checklist to protect your deposit."],["early termination fee","UR-lee-TUR-mih-NAY-shun-FEE · /ˈɜːrli ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən fiː/","phí phạt nếu chấm dứt hợp đồng sớm","Breaking the lease early will cost two months rent as an early termination fee."],["studio apartment","STOO-dee-oh uh-PART-munt · /ˈstuːdioʊ/","căn hộ studio, 1 phòng ngủ, hay 2 phòng ngủ","A studio in Manhattan starts at $2,500 a month."],["walk score","WAWK-SKOR · /wɔːk skɔːr/","điểm đánh giá khả năng đi bộ của khu vực","This neighborhood has a walk score of 90 – everything is within walking distance."],["fair housing laws","FAIR-HOW-zing-LAWZ · /fɛr ˈhaʊzɪŋ lɔːz/","luật chống phân biệt đối xử khi thuê nhà","Fair housing laws protect tenants from discrimination based on race or nationality."],["roommate","ROOM-mayt · /ˈruːmmeɪt/","bạn cùng phòng hoặc cùng căn hộ","Finding a roommate can cut your rent in half in expensive cities."],["broker fee","BROH-ker-FEE · /ˈbroʊkər fiː/","phí môi giới thuê nhà, thường 1 tháng tiền thuê","Some cities require the landlord to pay the broker fee, not the tenant."],["cosigner","KOH-si-ner · /ˈkoʊsaɪnər/","người bảo lãnh hợp đồng thuê nếu bạn chưa đủ tín dụng","If your credit is thin, ask a trusted person to cosign your lease."],["pet deposit","PET-DEP-oh-zit · /pɛt ˈdɛpəzɪt/","tiền đặt cọc thêm nếu nuôi thú cưng","The landlord requires a $300 pet deposit plus $25 monthly pet rent."],["first and last month","FURST-AND-LAST-MUNTH · /fɜːrst ænd læst mʌnθ/","trả tiền tháng đầu và tháng cuối khi ký hợp đồng","Many landlords in NYC require first and last month rent plus a security deposit."],["rent increase notice","RENT-in-KREES-NOH-tis · /rɛnt ˈɪŋkriːs ˈnoʊtɪs/","thông báo tăng tiền thuê, thường phải báo trước 30-60 ngày","My landlord gave me a 45-day rent increase notice before the lease renews."],["noise complaint","NOYZ-kum-PLAYNT · /nɔɪz kəmˈpleɪnt/","khiếu nại tiếng ồn với quản lý tòa nhà","If a neighbor is too loud after quiet hours, file a noise complaint with management."],["amenities","uh-MEN-ih-teez · /əˈmɛnɪtiz/","tiện ích của tòa nhà như gym, hồ bơi, phòng giặt","The building amenities include a rooftop deck, gym, and coworking space."],["furnished vs unfurnished","FUR-nisht-vs-un-FUR-nisht · /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/","có đồ nội thất sẵn hay không (ảnh hưởng giá thuê)","Furnished apartments cost more per month but save you from buying furniture."],["renter's rights","REN-terz-RYTS · /ˈrɛntərz raɪts/","quyền của người thuê nhà theo luật tiểu bang","Know your renter's rights – landlords usually cannot enter without 24 hours notice."],["utility setup","yoo-TIL-ih-tee-SET-up · /juːˈtɪlɪti ˈsɛtʌp/","đăng ký điện, gas, internet khi chuyển vào","Set up utilities at least a week before your move-in date to avoid gaps."],["neighbor etiquette","NAY-ber-ET-ih-kit · /ˈneɪbər ˈɛtɪkɪt/","lịch sự với hàng xóm ở chung cư","Good neighbor etiquette includes keeping noise down after 10 PM."],["parking situation","PARK-ing-SICH-yoo-AY-shun · /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ ˈsɪtʃuəɪʃən/","tình trạng bãi đỗ xe, included hay phải trả thêm","Ask about the parking situation before signing – street parking can be brutal here."],["moving company","MOOV-ing-KUM-puh-nee · /ˈmuːvɪŋ ˈkʌmpəni/","công ty vận chuyển đồ đạc khi chuyển nhà","Get three quotes from moving companies before booking to compare prices."],["Nextdoor app","NEKST-dor-APP · /ˈnɛkstdɔːr æp/","app mạng xã hội cộng đồng theo khu phố","Check the Nextdoor app to see what neighbors say about safety in that area."],["subletting rules","SUB-let-ing-ROOLZ · /ˈsʌblɛtɪŋ ruːlz/","quy định về cho thuê lại trong hợp đồng","Always check the subletting rules in your lease before listing on Airbnb."]]

[["How is it going","HOWZ-it-GOH-ing · /haʊz ɪt ˈɡoʊɪŋ/","Dạo này thế nào? Câu chào hỏi thông thường, không cần trả lời dài","How is it going? – Pretty good, thanks! How about you?"],["Not bad, can not complain","NOT-BAD-KANT-kum-PLAYN · /nɒt bæd kænt kəmˈpleɪn/","Cũng ổn, không có gì phàn nàn","How are you? – Not bad, can not complain. Staying busy!"],["I am swamped","aim-SWOMPT · /aɪm swɒmpt/","tôi đang ngập đầu công việc","Sorry I have not replied – I have been completely swamped this week."],["Any plans for the weekend","EN-ee-PLANZ-for-thuh-WEEK-end · /ˈɛni plænz fər ðə ˈwiːkɛnd/","Cuối tuần có kế hoạch gì không?","Any plans for the weekend? – Yeah, we are thinking of hiking on Saturday."],["That sounds like a blast","that-SOWNDZ-layk-uh-BLAST · /ðæt saʊndz laɪk ə blæst/","Nghe có vẻ vui cực!","You went skydiving? That sounds like a blast!"],["I am totally into that","aim-TOH-tuh-lee-IN-too-THAT · /aɪm ˈtoʊtəli ˈɪntuː ðæt/","tôi rất thích cái đó, hoặc mê cái đó","I am totally into hiking – we should go sometime."],["Let us grab coffee sometime","LETS-GRAB-KAW-fee-SUM-time · /lɛts ɡræb ˈkɒfi ˈsʌmtaɪm/","Lúc nào đó đi cà phê nhé, lời mời xã giao thường không có ngày cụ thể","It was great meeting you! Let us grab coffee sometime."],["That is on me","THATS-on-MEE · /ðæts ɒn miː/","Để tôi trả, tôi trả tiền cho","Put your wallet away – that is on me today."],["No worries","NOH-WUR-eez · /noʊ ˈwʌriz/","Không sao, đừng lo","Sorry I am late! – No worries at all, we just got here."],["Totally","TOH-tuh-lee · /ˈtoʊtəli/","Hoàn toàn đúng, đồng ý hoàn toàn","Do you think remote work is better? – Totally, I cannot imagine going back."],["For sure","for-SHOOR · /fɔːr ʃʊər/","Chắc chắn rồi, tất nhiên","Can you send me that link? – For sure, I will text it to you."],["That is wild","THATS-WILD · /ðæts waɪld/","Thật không thể tin được, điên thật","You ran a marathon last weekend? That is wild!"],["I hear you","ai-HEER-yoo · /aɪ hɪər juː/","Tôi hiểu, đồng cảm với bạn","The commute is exhausting. – I hear you, mine takes over an hour."],["Fair enough","FAIR-ih-NUF · /fɛr ɪˈnʌf/","Hợp lý, có lý đó","I do not want to work overtime this weekend. – Fair enough, you deserve a break."],["Good for you","GUD-for-YOO · /ɡʊd fər juː/","Tốt cho bạn, chúc mừng bạn","I just got promoted! – Oh wow, good for you!"],["What do you do","wut-duh-yoo-DOO · /wɒt də juː duː/","Bạn làm nghề gì? Câu hỏi xã giao phổ biến nhất ở Mỹ","What do you do? – I work in data analytics at a tech startup."],["I am in between jobs","aim-in-bih-TWEEN-JOBZ · /aɪm ɪn bɪˈtwiːn dʒɒbz/","Tôi đang trong giai đoạn tìm việc, cách nói lịch sự khi thất nghiệp","What are you up to these days? – I am in between jobs, looking for the right fit."],["Did you catch the game","did-yoo-KACH-thuh-GAYM · /dɪd juː kætʃ ðə ɡeɪm/","Bạn có xem trận đấu không? Small talk về thể thao rất phổ biến ở Mỹ","Did you catch the game last night? The fourth quarter was insane."],["I am stuffed","aim-STUFT · /aɪm stʌft/","Tôi no căng bụng rồi, no quá không ăn thêm được","That was amazing – I am absolutely stuffed."],["This place is a hidden gem","THIS-PLACE-iz-uh-HID-un-JEM · /ðɪs pleɪs ɪz ə ˈhɪdən dʒɛm/","Chỗ này là một viên ngọc ẩn, rất tuyệt nhưng ít người biết","Have you been to that Vietnamese place on Oak Street? It is a total hidden gem."],["I am down","aim-DOWN · /aɪm daʊn/","Tôi đồng ý, tôi tham gia","Want to grab tacos after work? – I am down!"],["Catch you later","KACH-yoo-LAY-ter · /kætʃ juː ˈleɪtər/","Gặp lại sau, tạm biệt theo kiểu informal","I gotta run to a meeting – catch you later!"],["What is your go-to","wuts-yor-GOH-too · /wɒts jɔːr ˈɡoʊtuː/","Lựa chọn yêu thích, quen thuộc của bạn là gì?","What is your go-to coffee order? – An oat milk latte, always."],["That is a good call","THATS-uh-GUD-KAWL · /ðæts ə ɡʊd kɔːl/","Quyết định đúng đắn đó, chọn đúng rồi","You left before the traffic got bad? That is a good call."],["I could go for that","ai-KUD-GOH-for-THAT · /aɪ kʊd ɡoʊ fɔːr ðæt/","Tôi muốn cái đó, tôi sẵn sàng với điều đó","Pizza? I could definitely go for that right now."],["I totally blanked","ai-TOH-tuh-lee-BLANGKT · /aɪ ˈtoʊtəli blæŋkt/","Tôi quên sạch, không nhớ ra gì","Sorry, what is your name again? I totally blanked."],["Long time no see","LONG-TIME-NOH-SEE · /lɒŋ taɪm noʊ siː/","Lâu rồi không gặp!","Long time no see! How have you been? Are you still at that marketing firm?"],["I have been meaning to","ai-hav-BIN-MEEN-ing-too · /aɪ hæv bɪn ˈmiːnɪŋ tuː/","Tôi đã định làm/nói điều này từ lâu","I have been meaning to try that new ramen place – want to go this weekend?"],["Speaking of which","SPEE-king-ov-WICH · /ˈspiːkɪŋ əv wɪtʃ/","Nói đến đó thì / Nhân nói về điều đó","Speaking of which, did you hear about the new office opening downtown?"],["That reminds me","THAT-rih-MINDZ-mee · /ðæt rɪˈmaɪndz miː/","Điều đó nhắc tôi / Nhân tiện","That reminds me – I wanted to ask if you still have that book I lent you."],["I know, right","ai-NOH-RYT · /aɪ noʊ raɪt/","Đúng không nào! Tôi biết mà! (đồng tình mạnh)","The traffic this morning was insane! – I know, right? It took me 45 minutes."],["You are telling me","yoo-ar-TEL-ing-mee · /juː ɑːr ˈtɛlɪŋ miː/","Tôi biết quá đi rồi / Đúng chứ! (đồng cảm mạnh)","Rent has gone up again. – You are telling me, I just renewed at $400 more a month."],["Out of curiosity","OWT-ov-kyoo-ree-AW-sih-tee · /aʊt əv ˌkjʊəriˈɒsɪti/","Tò mò hỏi thôi / Không có ý gì","Out of curiosity, how did you end up moving to this neighborhood?"],["Do not get me wrong","DOH-not-GET-mee-RAWNG · /doʊnt ɡɛt miː rɒŋ/","Đừng hiểu lầm ý tôi","Do not get me wrong – I like the project, I just think the timeline is too tight."],["Guess what","GES-WUT · /ɡɛs wɒt/","Đoán xem! (bắt đầu chia sẻ tin tức)","Guess what? I just got approved for the apartment on 5th Avenue!"],["Here is the thing","HEER-iz-thuh-THING · /hɪər ɪz ðə θɪŋ/","Vấn đề là / Đây là điều tôi muốn nói","Here is the thing – I want to help but I genuinely do not have the bandwidth right now."],["It slipped my mind","it-SLIPT-my-MYND · /ɪt slɪpt maɪ maɪnd/","Tôi quên mất / Thoáng qua đầu rồi quên","Sorry I did not reply to your email – it completely slipped my mind."],["We should do this again","wee-shud-DOO-this-uh-GEN · /wiː ʃʊd duː ðɪs əˈɡɛn/","Lần sau mình làm lại nha! (sau khi gặp hoặc ăn tối vui)","That was such a fun dinner – we should definitely do this again soon."],["Safe travels","SAYF-TRAV-ulz · /seɪf ˈtrævəlz/","Đi an toàn nhé! (chào tạm biệt khi ai đó đi xa)","You have a flight tonight? Safe travels – text me when you land!"],["Take care","TAYK-KAIR · /teɪk kɛr/","Bảo trọng nhé! Giữ gìn sức khỏe nhé!","It was great seeing you – take care and say hi to your family!"],["What a small world","wut-uh-SMAWL-WURLD · /wɒt ə smɔːl wɜːrld/","Thế giới nhỏ quá! (ngạc nhiên khi gặp người quen ở nơi bất ngờ)","You know Sarah too? What a small world – she was my college roommate!"],["I could use a drink","ai-kud-YOOZ-uh-DRINK · /aɪ kʊd juːz ə drɪŋk/","Tôi cần uống gì đó / Tôi cần thư giãn (sau ngày căng thẳng)","After that meeting, I could really use a drink. Want to grab happy hour?"]]

[["the ball is in your court","thuh-BAWL-iz-in-yor-KORT · /ðə bɔːl ɪz ɪn jɔːr kɔːrt/","quyết định bây giờ là của bạn","I have given you the proposal – the ball is in your court now."],["touch base","TUCH-BAYS · /tʌtʃ beɪs/","liên lạc ngắn để cập nhật tình hình","Let us touch base on Friday to see how the project is going."],["circle back","SUR-kul-BAK · /ˈsɜːrkəl bæk/","quay lại vấn đề này sau","Good point – let me circle back to that after the presentation."],["on the fence","ON-thuh-FENS · /ɒn ðə fɛns/","chưa quyết định, do dự","I am still on the fence about whether to accept the offer."],["drop the ball","DROP-thuh-BAWL · /drɒp ðə bɔːl/","làm hỏng việc, thất bại trong trách nhiệm","I really dropped the ball on that deadline – I am sorry."],["hit the ground running","HIT-thuh-GROWND-RUN-ing · /hɪt ðə ɡraʊnd ˈrʌnɪŋ/","bắt đầu ngay và mạnh mẽ, không cần thời gian khởi động","She hit the ground running on her first day – impressive!"],["cut to the chase","KUT-tuh-thuh-CHAYS · /kʌt tə ðə tʃeɪs/","đi thẳng vào vấn đề, bỏ phần dẫn dắt","Let me cut to the chase – we need the report by Monday."],["get the ball rolling","GET-thuh-BAWL-ROH-ling · /ɡɛt ðə bɔːl ˈroʊlɪŋ/","bắt đầu, khởi động dự án","Let us get the ball rolling on the new campaign this week."],["bite off more than you can chew","BIT-AWF-MOR-thun-yoo-kun-CHOO · /baɪt ɒf mɔːr ðən juː kæn tʃuː/","nhận việc quá sức mình","Do not bite off more than you can chew – you already have three projects."],["burn bridges","BURN-BRIJ-iz · /bɜːrn ˈbrɪdʒɪz/","cắt đứt quan hệ hoàn toàn thường theo nghĩa tiêu cực","Do not burn bridges when you resign – you may need them as references."],["go the extra mile","GOH-thuh-EK-struh-MIL · /ɡoʊ ðə ˈɛkstrə maɪl/","nỗ lực thêm vượt mức kỳ vọng","She always goes the extra mile for her clients."],["think outside the box","THINK-owt-SID-thuh-BOX · /θɪŋk ˌaʊtˈsaɪd ðə bɒks/","suy nghĩ sáng tạo, không theo khuôn mẫu","We need to think outside the box to solve this problem."],["keep someone in the loop","KEEP-SUM-wun-in-thuh-LOOP · /kiːp ˈsʌmwʌn ɪn ðə luːp/","thông báo và cập nhật thường xuyên cho ai đó","Please keep me in the loop on any changes to the schedule."],["under the radar","UN-der-thuh-RAY-dar · /ˈʌndər ðə ˈreɪdɑːr/","không bị chú ý, giữ im lặng","He managed to fly under the radar during the restructuring."],["the elephant in the room","thuh-EL-ih-funt-in-thuh-ROOM · /ðə ˈɛlɪfənt ɪn ðə ruːm/","vấn đề rõ ràng mà mọi người cố tình né tránh","Nobody mentioned the missed deadline – it was the elephant in the room."],["pull someone's leg","PUL-SUM-wunz-LEG · /pʊl ˈsʌmwʌnz lɛɡ/","đùa giỡn, nói chơi với ai đó","Are you serious about the promotion? – Relax, I am just pulling your leg."],["spill the tea","SPIL-thuh-TEE · /spɪl ðə tiː/","kể chuyện bí mật hay tin đồn theo kiểu informal","Come on, spill the tea – what happened at the office party?"],["rain check","RAYN-CHEK · /reɪn tʃɛk/","hẹn lại lần sau vì không tiện bây giờ","Can not make it tonight – can I take a rain check?"],["go-getter","GOH-GET-er · /ˈɡoʊɡɛtər/","người chủ động, tích cực, tham vọng","She is a real go-getter – she has already been promoted twice in two years."],["give the benefit of the doubt","GIV-thuh-BEN-ih-fit-ov-thuh-DOWT · /ɡɪv ðə ˈbɛnɪfɪt əv ðə daʊt/","tin tưởng ai đó trong tình huống mơ hồ","He was late, but let us give him the benefit of the doubt."],["read the room","REED-thuh-ROOM · /riːd ðə ruːm/","đọc không khí, hiểu tâm trạng và tình huống xung quanh","She kept making jokes at the wrong time – she really cannot read the room."],["hang in there","HANG-in-THAIR · /hæŋ ɪn ðɛr/","cố lên, kiên trì thêm chút nữa","I know it has been tough – hang in there, things will get better."],["it is what it is","IT-iz-wut-IT-iz · /ɪt ɪz wɒt ɪt ɪz/","chấp nhận thực tế, không thể thay đổi được","The project got cancelled. – Yeah, it is what it is."],["take it with a grain of salt","TAYK-it-with-uh-GRAYN-ov-SAWLT · /teɪk ɪt wɪð ə ɡreɪn əv sɔːlt/","đừng tin hoàn toàn, nên hoài nghi","Take his advice with a grain of salt – he has never actually done this before."],["my bad","MY-BAD · /maɪ bæd/","lỗi của tôi theo kiểu informal","Oh, I sent it to the wrong person – my bad!"],["hit it off","HIT-it-AWF · /hɪt ɪt ɒf/","nhanh chóng hợp nhau, kết thân ngay lần đầu gặp","We hit it off immediately at the networking event."],["back to the drawing board","BAK-tuh-thuh-DRAW-ing-BORD · /bæk tə ðə ˈdrɔːɪŋ bɔːrd/","quay lại từ đầu, bắt đầu lại từ đầu","The client rejected our proposal, so it is back to the drawing board."],["the tip of the iceberg","thuh-TIP-ov-thuh-ICE-burg · /ðə tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbɜːrɡ/","chỉ là phần nổi, vấn đề còn nhiều hơn thế","The budget cut is just the tip of the iceberg – more changes are coming."],["miss the boat","MIS-thuh-BOHT · /mɪs ðə boʊt/","bỏ lỡ cơ hội, đến trễ","We missed the boat on that investment – the stock tripled last year."],["in the same boat","IN-thuh-SAYM-BOHT · /ɪn ðə seɪm boʊt/","cùng hoàn cảnh khó khăn với ai đó","Do not worry, we are all in the same boat trying to meet this deadline."],["bite the bullet","BYT-thuh-BUL-it · /baɪt ðə ˈbʊlɪt/","chấp nhận điều khó khăn và tiếp tục","I do not want to have that conversation, but I will just bite the bullet."],["break the ice","BRAYK-thuh-ICE · /breɪk ðə aɪs/","phá vỡ sự ngượng ngùng, mở đầu cuộc trò chuyện","He told a joke to break the ice at the beginning of the meeting."],["cost an arm and a leg","KOST-un-ARM-und-uh-LEG · /kɒst ən ɑːrm ænd ə lɛɡ/","đắt cắt cổ, tốn rất nhiều tiền","Parking downtown costs an arm and a leg – I always take the subway."],["under the weather","UN-der-thuh-WETH-er · /ˈʌndər ðə ˈwɛðər/","cảm thấy không khỏe, ốm nhẹ","I will not be in today – feeling a bit under the weather."],["burning the midnight oil","BUR-ning-thuh-MID-nyt-OYL · /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdnaɪt ɔɪl/","thức khuya làm việc, cố làm xong việc vào đêm khuya","She has been burning the midnight oil to finish the quarterly report."],["get out of hand","GET-owt-ov-HAND · /ɡɛt aʊt əv hænd/","mất kiểm soát, vượt quá tầm tay","The argument got out of hand and we had to take a 10-minute break."],["once in a blue moon","WUNS-in-uh-BLOO-MOON · /wʌns ɪn ə bluː muːn/","rất hiếm khi, không thường xuyên","I only eat fast food once in a blue moon – maybe three times a year."],["pass the buck","PAS-thuh-BUK · /pæs ðə bʌk/","đùn trách nhiệm cho người khác","Stop passing the buck – you were the project lead, this is on you."],["the last straw","thuh-LAST-STRAW · /ðə læst strɔː/","giọt nước tràn ly, điều cuối cùng khiến bạn mất kiên nhẫn","Missing that third deadline was the last straw – the client terminated the contract."],["hit the nail on the head","HIT-thuh-NAYL-on-thuh-HED · /hɪt ðə neɪl ɒn ðə hɛd/","nói đúng vào trọng tâm, nhận xét chính xác hoàn toàn","You hit the nail on the head – the core problem is unclear communication."],["call it a day","KAWL-it-uh-DAY · /kɔːl ɪt ə deɪ/","kết thúc công việc trong ngày, nghỉ thôi","We have made great progress – let us call it a day and pick this up tomorrow."],["on thin ice","ON-THIN-ICE · /ɒn θɪn aɪs/","ở thế nguy hiểm, sắp gặp rắc rối","After three missed deadlines, you are on thin ice with this client."]]

[["Tell me about yourself","TEL-mee-uh-BOWT-yor-SELF · /tɛl miː əˈbaʊt jɔːr sɛlf/","Kể về bản thân bạn (câu mở đầu phỏng vấn phổ biến nhất)","I like to start with: I am a data analyst with 4 years of experience in e-commerce."],["What are your greatest strengths","wut-ar-yor-GRAYT-est-STRENGTHS · /wɒt ɑːr jɔːr ˈɡreɪtɪst strɛŋθs/","Điểm mạnh lớn nhất của bạn là gì?","My greatest strength is breaking down complex data into actionable insights."],["What is your biggest weakness","wut-iz-yor-BIG-est-WEEK-nes · /wɒt ɪz jɔːr ˈbɪɡɪst ˈwiːknəs/","Điểm yếu lớn nhất của bạn là gì? (trả lời trung thực nhưng có hướng khắc phục)","My biggest weakness is that I tend to overthink – I now set a decision deadline for myself."],["Why do you want to work here","WY-duh-yoo-WONT-tuh-WURK-HEER · /waɪ də juː wɒnt tə wɜːrk hɪər/","Tại sao bạn muốn làm việc ở đây?","I want to work here because your focus on data-driven marketing aligns with my passion."],["Where do you see yourself in 5 years","WAIR-duh-yoo-SEE-yor-SELF-in-FIV-YEERZ · /wɛr/","Bạn thấy mình ở đâu sau 5 năm?","In five years I see myself leading a small analytics team and mentoring junior analysts."],["Walk me through your resume","WAWK-mee-THROO-yor-REZ-uh-may · /wɔːk miː θruː jɔːr ˈrɛzjʊmeɪ/","Dẫn tôi qua kinh nghiệm trong CV của bạn","I will walk you through my resume starting with my role at Company X three years ago."],["What is your expected salary range","wut-iz-yor-ex-PEK-ted-SAL-uh-ree-RAYNJ · /ˈsæləri reɪndʒ/","Mức lương bạn kỳ vọng là bao nhiêu?","Based on my research and experience, I am looking for a range of $75,000 to $85,000."],["Tell me about a time when","TEL-mee-uh-BOWT-uh-TYM-WEN · /tɛl miː əˈbaʊt ə taɪm wɛn/","Hãy kể về một lần khi… (câu hỏi hành vi STAR method)","Tell me about a time when you handled a difficult stakeholder – use the STAR method."],["What motivates you","wut-MOH-tih-vayts-YOO · /wɒt ˈmoʊtɪveɪts juː/","Điều gì thúc đẩy bạn làm việc?","What motivates me is seeing how my work directly impacts the user experience."],["Why are you leaving your current job","WY-ar-yoo-LEEV-ing-yor-KUR-unt-JOB · /waɪ ɑːr juː ˈliːvɪŋ/","Tại sao bạn muốn rời công việc hiện tại?","I am leaving because I want to take on more ownership and leadership responsibilities."],["Do you have any questions for us","duh-yoo-HAV-EN-ee-KWES-chunz-for-US · /duː juː hæv ˈɛni ˈkwɛstʃənz/","Bạn có câu hỏi nào cho chúng tôi không? (luôn chuẩn bị 2-3 câu hỏi)","Do I have questions? Yes – can you describe a typical week for someone in this role?"],["We will be in touch","wee-WIL-bee-in-TUCH · /wiː wɪl biː ɪn tʌtʃ/","Chúng tôi sẽ liên lạc lại với bạn (sau phỏng vấn)","Thank you for your time. We will be in touch within the next week."],["extend an offer","ex-TEND-un-AW-fer · /ɪkˈstɛnd ən ˈɒfər/","gửi offer letter, đề nghị việc làm chính thức","We would like to extend an offer – can you look over the package and let us know?"],["cc and bcc","SEE-SEE-AND-BEE-SEE-SEE · /siː siː ænd biː siː siː/","cc là gửi copy cho ai đó, bcc là gửi ẩn","Make sure to cc your manager on that email so she stays in the loop."],["let us take this offline","LET-us-TAYK-this-AWF-lyn · /lɛt əs teɪk ðɪs ˈɒflaɪn/","thảo luận vấn đề này sau cuộc họp, không mất thời gian cả nhóm","That is a good point but let us take this offline rather than hold up the whole meeting."],["status update","STAY-tus-UP-dayt · /ˈsteɪtəs ˈʌpdeɪt/","cập nhật tiến độ công việc","Can you send me a quick status update on the project by end of day?"],["I will follow up","ai-WIL-FAW-loh-UP · /aɪ wɪl ˈfɒloʊ ʌp/","Tôi sẽ liên hệ lại / Tôi sẽ theo dõi tiếp","I will follow up with the client tomorrow to see if they have reviewed the proposal."],["action item","AK-shun-I-tem · /ˈækʃən ˈaɪtəm/","việc cần làm được giao sau cuộc họp","Let us capture that as an action item – who owns it and when is the deadline?"],["sync up","SINK-UP · /sɪŋk ʌp/","gặp hoặc nói chuyện ngắn để đồng bộ thông tin","Can we sync up for 15 minutes tomorrow morning before the client call?"],["table this for now","TAY-bul-this-for-NOW · /ˈteɪbəl ðɪs fɔːr naʊ/","gác lại vấn đề này cho sau (ý nghĩa trong Mỹ ngược với Anh)","We are running out of time so let us table the budget discussion for next week."],["bandwidth","BAND-width · /ˈbændwɪdθ/","khả năng, thời gian và nguồn lực hiện có (công việc)","I do not have the bandwidth to take on another project right now."],["performance review","per-FOR-muns-rih-VYOO · /pərˈfɔːrməns rɪˈvjuː/","đánh giá hiệu suất làm việc định kỳ (thường 6 tháng hoặc hàng năm)","My performance review is next week – I am preparing examples of my key accomplishments."],["OKR and KPI","O-K-R-AND-K-P-I · /oʊ keɪ ɑːr/","OKR là mục tiêu và kết quả chính, KPI là chỉ số hiệu suất chính","Our team uses OKRs quarterly to align with company goals and track KPIs."],["onboarding","ON-bor-ding · /ˈɒnbɔːrdɪŋ/","quá trình hội nhập cho nhân viên mới","The onboarding process takes about two weeks and includes training and tool setup."],["PTO","P-T-O · /piː tiː oʊ/","nghỉ phép có lương (Paid Time Off)","How many PTO days do I get per year and do unused days roll over?"],["remote work policy","rih-MOHT-WURK-PAW-lih-see · /rɪˈmoʊt wɜːrk ˈpɒlɪsi/","chính sách làm việc từ xa của công ty","Can you explain the remote work policy – is there a minimum number of days in office?"],["org chart","ORG-CHART · /ɔːrɡ tʃɑːrt/","sơ đồ tổ chức, ai báo cáo với ai","Can you walk me through the org chart so I understand the reporting structure?"],["severance package","SEV-er-uns-PAK-ij · /ˈsɛvərəns ˈpækɪdʒ/","trợ cấp thôi việc khi bị sa thải","She negotiated a severance package of three months salary when the position was eliminated."],["background check","BAK-grownd-CHEK · /ˈbækɡraʊnd tʃɛk/","kiểm tra lý lịch tư pháp và xác minh thông tin","The offer is contingent on passing a background check and reference check."],["non-compete clause","NON-kum-PEET-KLAWZ · /nɒn kəmˈpiːt klɔːz/","điều khoản cấm làm việc cho đối thủ sau khi nghỉ việc","Read the non-compete clause carefully – it may restrict where you can work next."]]
[["driver's license","DRY-verz-LY-suns · /ˈdraɪvərz ˈlaɪsəns/","bằng lái xe","You must carry your driver's license whenever you are driving."],["DMV","D-M-V · /diː ɛm viː/","Cục Quản lý Xe cơ giới (Department of Motor Vehicles)","Go to the DMV to transfer your license after moving to a new state."],["road test","ROHD-TEST · /roʊd tɛst/","bài thi lái xe thực hành trên đường","I failed my road test the first time because I did not check my mirrors enough."],["learner's permit","LUR-nerz-PUR-mit · /ˈlɜːrnərz ˈpɜːrmɪt/","bằng lái tập sự, phải có người lớn ngồi cạnh","You need a learner's permit for at least 6 months before taking the road test."],["car registration","KAR-rej-ih-STRAY-shun · /kɑːr ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/","đăng ký xe, phải gia hạn hàng năm","Your car registration expires in June – renew it before you get pulled over."],["vehicle title","VEE-ih-kul-TY-tul · /ˈviːɪkəl ˈtaɪtəl/","giấy tờ sở hữu xe, như sổ đỏ của xe","Keep the vehicle title in a safe place – you will need it when selling the car."],["liability coverage","ly-uh-BIL-ih-tee-KUV-er-ij · /laɪəˈbɪlɪti ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/","bảo hiểm bắt buộc, chi trả thiệt hại bạn gây cho người khác","Every state requires at least basic liability coverage to legally drive."],["collision and comprehensive","kuh-LIZH-un-AND-kom-prih-HEN-siv · /kəˈlɪʒən/","bảo hiểm va chạm và bảo hiểm toàn diện (hư hỏng do thiên tai, trộm)","If you have a car loan, the lender usually requires collision and comprehensive coverage."],["deductible","dih-DUK-tih-bul · /dɪˈdʌktɪbəl/","mức khấu trừ tự trả khi bồi thường bảo hiểm xe","I chose a $1,000 deductible to lower my monthly car insurance premium."],["premium","PREE-mee-um · /ˈpriːmiəm/","phí bảo hiểm hàng tháng","Your premium goes up after an accident, even if it was not your fault."],["right of way","RYT-ov-WAY · /raɪt əv weɪ/","quyền đi trước ở giao lộ, rất quan trọng để tránh tai nạn","At a four-way stop, the first car to arrive has the right of way."],["yield","YEELD · /jiːld/","nhường đường (biển Yield = nhường)","The yield sign means you must slow down and let oncoming traffic pass."],["carpool lane","KAR-pool-LAYN · /ˈkɑːrpuːl leɪn/","làn HOV dành cho xe 2 người trở lên vào giờ cao điểm","During rush hour, the carpool lane can save you 20 minutes easily."],["merge onto the freeway","MURJ-AW-n-thuh-FREE-way · /mɜːrdʒ ˈɒntə ðə ˈfriːweɪ/","nhập làn xa lộ","When you merge onto the freeway, match the speed of existing traffic first."],["take the exit","TAYK-thuh-EK-sit · /teɪk ðə ˈɛksɪt/","rẽ ra khỏi xa lộ theo biển off-ramp","Take exit 42B for downtown – stay in the right lane half a mile before."],["speed limit","SPEED-LIM-it · /spiːd ˈlɪmɪt/","giới hạn tốc độ, khác nhau theo khu vực","The speed limit drops to 25 mph in school zones during school hours."],["parking ticket","PARK-ing-TIK-it · /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ ˈtɪkɪt/","vé phạt đỗ xe sai quy định","I got a $65 parking ticket for parking in a street cleaning zone."],["traffic violation","TRAF-ik-vy-oh-LAY-shun · /ˈtræfɪk ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃən/","vi phạm luật giao thông, ảnh hưởng bảo hiểm và điểm bằng lái","A speeding ticket counts as a traffic violation and raises your insurance rate."],["DUI","D-U-I · /diː juː aɪ/","Lái xe khi say rượu (Driving Under the Influence), tội hình sự nghiêm trọng","A DUI can result in license suspension, fines, and even jail time."],["pull over","PUL-OH-ver · /pʊl ˈoʊvər/","dừng xe vào lề đường khi cảnh sát ra hiệu","When a police car signals you, pull over to the right side of the road immediately."],["fender bender","FEN-der-BEN-der · /ˈfɛndər ˈbɛndər/","tai nạn nhỏ, va chạm nhẹ không có thương vong","It was just a minor fender bender in the parking lot – no one was hurt."],["tow truck","TOH-TRUK · /toʊ trʌk/","xe cứu hộ kéo xe","My car broke down on the highway so I called for a tow truck."],["AAA roadside assistance","TRIP-ul-A-ROHD-syd-uh-SIS-tuns · /ˌtriːpəl eɪ/","dịch vụ cứu hộ xe ven đường (AAA là hội xe hơi phổ biến nhất Mỹ)","AAA roadside assistance will tow your car, jump your battery, or change a flat tire."],["EZ Pass and toll road","EE-ZEE-PAS-AND-TOHL-ROHD · /iː ziː pæs/","thẻ trả phí cầu đường tự động","Get an EZ Pass to speed through toll booths and avoid cash-only lanes."],["parallel parking","PAIR-uh-lel-PARK-ing · /ˈpærəlɛl ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/","đỗ xe song song với lề đường, kỹ năng cần thiết ở thành phố","Parallel parking is required on the road test in most states."],["smog check","SMOG-CHEK · /smɒɡ tʃɛk/","kiểm tra khí thải xe định kỳ (bắt buộc ở California và một số tiểu bang)","My car failed the smog check and I had to replace the catalytic converter."],["auto loan","AW-toh-LOHN · /ˈɔːtoʊ loʊn/","vay tiền mua xe từ ngân hàng hoặc đại lý","Shop around for the best auto loan rate before stepping into a dealership."],["rideshare","RYD-shair · /ˈraɪdʃɛr/","dịch vụ đặt xe như Uber và Lyft","In cities with good rideshare coverage, you might not need a car at all."],["school zone","SKOOL-ZOHN · /skuːl zoʊn/","khu vực trường học với giới hạn tốc độ thấp và phạt nặng","Speeding in a school zone doubles the fine in most states."],["jaywalking","JAY-waw-king · /ˈdʒeɪwɔːkɪŋ/","băng qua đường không đúng nơi quy định, có thể bị phạt tiền","In some US cities, jaywalking is actively enforced with fines."]]
[["K through 12","KAY-throo-TWELF · /keɪ θruː twɛlf/","hệ thống giáo dục phổ thông từ mẫu giáo đến lớp 12","The US K-12 system is publicly funded and free for all children."],["GPA","G-P-A · /dʒiː piː eɪ/","điểm trung bình tích lũy (4.0 là tối đa)","You need a GPA of 3.5 or higher to be considered for most honors programs."],["SAT and ACT","S-A-T-AND-A-C-T · /ɛs eɪ tiː/","bài thi chuẩn hóa để vào đại học","Many colleges are now test-optional, meaning SAT and ACT are not required."],["AP classes","A-P-KLA-sez · /eɪ piː ˈklæsɪz/","lớp học nâng cao, thi đạt điểm cao được tín chỉ đại học","Taking AP classes in high school can save thousands in college tuition."],["extracurricular activities","EK-struh-kuh-RIK-yoo-ler-ak-TIV-ih-teez · /ˌɛkstrəkəˈrɪkjʊlər/","hoạt động ngoại khóa như thể thao, câu lạc bộ, tình nguyện","Strong extracurricular activities can set your college application apart."],["personal statement","PUR-sun-ul-STAYT-munt · /ˈpɜːrsənəl ˈsteɪtmənt/","bài luận cá nhân trong hồ sơ đại học","Your personal statement is your chance to show colleges who you are beyond grades."],["Common App","KAW-mun-APP · /ˈkɒmən æp/","hệ thống nộp đơn đại học chung cho hơn 900 trường","Most four-year colleges accept the Common App for undergraduate admissions."],["FAFSA","FAF-suh · /ˈfæfsə/","đơn xin hỗ trợ tài chính liên bang miễn phí (nộp trước October 1)","Submit your FAFSA as early as possible to maximize your financial aid package."],["financial aid package","fi-NAN-shul-AYD-PAK-ij · /faɪˈnænʃəl eɪd/","gói hỗ trợ tài chính gồm học bổng, grant và vay","Compare financial aid packages from multiple schools before deciding."],["scholarship vs grant","SKAW-ler-ship-vs-GRANT · /ˈskɒlərʃɪp/","học bổng thường dựa theo năng lực, grant dựa theo nhu cầu tài chính","Unlike loans, scholarships and grants do not need to be repaid."],["student loan","STOO-dent-LOHN · /ˈstuːdənt loʊn/","vay tiền liên bang hoặc tư nhân để trả học phí","Federal student loans offer lower interest rates and income-driven repayment options."],["in-state vs out-of-state tuition","IN-STAYT-vs-OWT-ov-STAYT-too-ISH-un · /tuˈɪʃən/","học phí thấp hơn nếu bạn là cư dân tiểu bang đó","In-state tuition at state universities can be $10,000 cheaper per year."],["office hours","AW-fis-OWRZ · /ˈɒfɪs aʊərz/","giờ tiếp sinh viên của giáo sư (không phải giờ làm việc)","Take advantage of your professor's office hours to ask questions and build rapport."],["teaching assistant","TEECH-ing-uh-SIS-tunt · /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ əˈsɪstənt/","trợ giảng, thường là nghiên cứu sinh dạy thay giáo sư","The TA graded our papers and led the weekly discussion sections."],["drop and add period","DROP-AND-ADD-PEER-ee-ud · /drɒp ænd æd/","khoảng thời gian đầu kỳ để thay đổi môn học","Use the drop/add period to switch courses if your schedule does not work."],["credit hours","KRED-it-OWRZ · /ˈkrɛdɪt aʊərz/","số tín chỉ của môn học, thường 3 tín chỉ cho 1 môn","Most bachelor's degrees require 120 credit hours to graduate."],["syllabus","SIL-uh-bus · /ˈsɪləbəs/","đề cương môn học với lịch thi, bài tập và chính sách lớp","Read the syllabus carefully on the first day – it is your course contract."],["academic probation","ak-uh-DEM-ik-proh-BAY-shun · /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk proʊˈbeɪʃən/","cảnh báo học thuật khi GPA dưới mức tối thiểu","A GPA below 2.0 puts you on academic probation and you risk losing financial aid."],["plagiarism","PLAY-juh-riz-um · /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/","sao chép ý tưởng hoặc văn bản của người khác mà không trích dẫn","Submitting AI-generated text as your own may be considered plagiarism."],["transcript","TRAN-skript · /ˈtrænskrɪpt/","bảng điểm chính thức từ trường","Employers may ask for an official transcript during the hiring process."],["commencement","kuh-MEN-smunt · /kəˈmɛnsmənt/","lễ tốt nghiệp đại học","Commencement is a huge family event – tickets are often limited."],["alumni network","uh-LUM-ny-NET-wurk · /əˈlʌmnaɪ ˈnɛtwɜːrk/","mạng lưới cựu sinh viên, rất có giá trị khi tìm việc","Use your school's alumni network on LinkedIn to find job opportunities."],["STEM major","STEM-MAY-jer · /stɛm ˈmeɪdʒər/","ngành khoa học, công nghệ, kỹ thuật và toán học","STEM majors generally have higher starting salaries and better job prospects."],["community college","kuh-MYOO-nih-tee-KAW-lij · /kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈkɒlɪdʒ/","trường cao đẳng cộng đồng, rẻ hơn nhiều, có thể chuyển tiếp lên đại học","Many students start at community college to save money, then transfer to a four-year university."],["student visa F-1","STOO-dent-VEE-zuh-EF-WUN · /ˈstuːdənt ˈviːzə/","visa du học dành cho sinh viên quốc tế tại Mỹ","Your F-1 student visa allows you to study full-time and work on campus."]]
[["May I take your order","MAY-ay-TAYK-yor-OR-der · /meɪ aɪ teɪk jɔːr ˈɔːrdər/","Bạn gọi món gì ạ? (câu hỏi của phục vụ)","May I take your order? – Yes, I will have the grilled salmon please."],["I will have the","ai-WIL-HAV-thuh · /aɪ wɪl hæv ðə/","Tôi sẽ gọi món… (cách gọi món lịch sự)","I will have the chicken tacos and a water please."],["What are today's specials","wut-ar-tuh-DAYZ-SPESH-ulz · /wɒt ɑːr tʊˈdeɪz ˈspɛʃəlz/","Hôm nay có món đặc biệt gì?","What are today's specials? – We have a pan-seared halibut and a mushroom risotto."],["for here or to go","for-HEER-or-tuh-GOH · /fɔːr hɪər ɔːr tə ɡoʊ/","ăn tại chỗ hay mang về?","Will that be for here or to go? – To go please, I am in a hurry."],["Is that gluten-free","iz-THAT-GLOO-tun-FREE · /ɪz ðæt ˈɡluːtən friː/","Món đó không có gluten không? (phổ biến ở Mỹ do dị ứng hoặc chế độ ăn)","Is that gluten-free? – The pasta is not, but the grilled chicken is."],["Can I substitute","KAN-ay-SUB-stih-toot · /kæn aɪ ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/","Tôi có thể đổi món phụ không? (như đổi khoai tây chiên lấy salad)","Can I substitute the fries for a side salad? – Of course, no problem."],["Can we get separate checks","KAN-wee-GET-SEP-er-ut-CHEKS · /kæn wiː ɡɛt ˈsɛpərɪt tʃɛks/","Chúng tôi muốn thanh toán riêng","Can we get separate checks? – Sure, I will split it for you."],["How much should I tip","HOW-much-shud-ay-TIP · /haʊ mʌtʃ ʃʊd aɪ tɪp/","Tôi nên cho tip bao nhiêu? (Mỹ: 15-20% là chuẩn)","How much should I tip for takeout? – Usually 10-15% is fine for counter service."],["standard tip is 15 to 20 percent","STAN-derd-TIP-iz-FIF-teen-tuh-TWEN-tee-per-SENT · /ˈstændərd/","tip thông thường ở nhà hàng là 15-20%, 18% hoặc 20% cho dịch vụ tốt","In the US, a standard tip is 15 to 20 percent of the pre-tax bill."],["Can I get a to-go box","KAN-ay-GET-uh-tuh-GOH-BOKS · /kæn aɪ ɡɛt ə toʊ ɡoʊ bɒks/","Cho tôi hộp mang đồ ăn thừa về (doggy bag)","Can I get a to-go box? – Absolutely, the portions here are huge."],["I have a food allergy","ai-HAV-uh-FOOD-AL-er-jee · /aɪ hæv ə fuːd ˈælərɡi/","Tôi bị dị ứng thực phẩm (nói rõ với phục vụ)","I have a peanut allergy – is there any peanut oil in this dish?"],["Happy hour","HAP-ee-OWR · /ˈhæpi aʊər/","giờ giảm giá đồ uống thường từ 4-7 giờ chiều","This bar has happy hour from 4 to 6 PM with half-price appetizers too."],["going Dutch","GOH-ing-DUCH · /ˈɡoʊɪŋ dʌtʃ/","mỗi người trả phần của mình, chia đôi hóa đơn","Should we go Dutch tonight, or do you want to take turns treating each other?"],["potluck","POT-luk · /ˈpɒtlʌk/","bữa tiệc mà mỗi người mang một món ăn","We are having a potluck on Friday – can you bring an appetizer or a side dish?"],["Yelp review","YELP-rih-VYOO · /jɛlp rɪˈvjuː/","đánh giá nhà hàng trên Yelp, rất quan trọng với kinh doanh ở Mỹ","Check the Yelp reviews before trying a new restaurant – look at the 3-star ones for balance."],["make a reservation","MAYK-uh-rez-er-VAY-shun · /meɪk ə ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən/","đặt bàn trước tại nhà hàng, dùng OpenTable hoặc Resy","I made a reservation on OpenTable for Saturday at 7 PM for a party of four."],["BYOB","B-Y-O-B · /biː waɪ oʊ biː/","Mang rượu của bạn (Bring Your Own Bottle), nhà hàng không bán rượu","The Thai place down the street is BYOB, so pick up a bottle of wine on the way."],["farm-to-table","FARM-tuh-TAY-bul · /fɑːrm tə ˈteɪbəl/","nhà hàng dùng nguyên liệu tươi trực tiếp từ nông trại địa phương","That farm-to-table restaurant sources everything from farms within 50 miles."],["vegan and plant-based","VEE-gun-AND-PLANT-bayst · /ˈviːɡən/","thuần chay và dựa trên thực vật (plant-based là trendy hơn)","This menu has great plant-based options even if you are not fully vegan."],["expiration date vs best by","ek-SPIR-ay-shun-DAYT-vs-BEST-BY · /ˌɛkspɪˈreɪʃən/","hạn sử dụng bắt buộc vs chất lượng tốt nhất trước ngày đó","Best by dates are about quality, while use by dates are about food safety."],["unit price","YOO-nit-PRYS · /ˈjuːnɪt praɪs/","giá trên mỗi đơn vị (ounce, pound) để so sánh hai sản phẩm","Always check the unit price on the shelf tag to find the better deal."],["BOGO","BOH-goh · /ˈboʊɡoʊ/","mua một tặng một (Buy One Get One)","The grocery store has a BOGO deal on pasta this week."],["store brand vs name brand","STOR-BRAND-vs-NAYM-BRAND · /stɔːr brænd/","thương hiệu cửa hàng thường rẻ hơn nhiều nhưng chất lượng tương đương","The store brand ibuprofen is the same as Advil but costs half the price."],["food delivery app","FOOD-dih-LIV-er-ee-APP · /fuːd dɪˈlɪvəri æp/","ứng dụng giao đồ ăn như DoorDash, Grubhub, Uber Eats","DoorDash usually has a delivery fee, but the Dashpass subscription waives it."],["nutrition facts label","noo-TRISH-un-FAKTS-LAY-bul · /njuːˈtrɪʃən fækts/","nhãn thông tin dinh dưỡng bắt buộc trên mọi sản phẩm thực phẩm","The nutrition facts label shows serving size, calories, and key nutrients per serving."]]
[["visa status","VEE-zuh-STAY-tus · /ˈviːzə ˈsteɪtəs/","tình trạng visa hiện tại của bạn (F-1, H-1B, B-1, v.v.)","Always know your current visa status and expiration date to stay in legal status."],["I-94 record","I-NINETY-FOUR-REK-ord · /aɪ ˈnaɪnti fɔːr/","hồ sơ nhập cảnh điện tử, xác định thời hạn bạn được ở lại","Check your I-94 record online at CBP.gov to confirm your authorized stay period."],["OPT","O-P-T · /oʊ piː tiː/","Thực tập theo chương trình (Optional Practical Training) cho sinh viên F-1","Apply for OPT at least 90 days before graduation to avoid a gap in work authorization."],["EAD","E-A-D · /iː eɪ diː/","Thẻ giấy phép làm việc (Employment Authorization Document)","You can legally work in the US once you have your EAD card in hand."],["green card","GREEN-KARD · /ɡriːn kɑːrd/","thẻ thường trú nhân Mỹ (Permanent Resident Card)","Getting a green card through employer sponsorship can take many years."],["naturalization","nach-er-uh-lih-ZAY-shun · /ˌnætʃərəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/","nhập tịch Mỹ, trở thành công dân Hoa Kỳ","You can apply for naturalization after holding a green card for 5 years."],["H-1B visa","H-WUN-BEE-VEE-zuh · /eɪtʃ wʌn biː/","visa làm việc cho chuyên gia đặc biệt, nộp lottery hàng năm vào tháng 3","Many tech companies sponsor H-1B visas for international software engineers."],["employer sponsorship","em-PLOY-er-SPON-ser-ship · /ɪmˈplɔɪər ˈspɒnsərʃɪp/","công ty bảo lãnh visa hoặc green card cho nhân viên","Ask HR about employer sponsorship during the offer negotiation stage."],["I-9 form","I-NYNE-FORM · /aɪ naɪn fɔːrm/","Mẫu xác minh tư cách làm việc, phải điền khi bắt đầu công việc mới","You must complete Form I-9 within 3 days of your first day of work."],["notary public","NOH-ter-ee-PUB-lik · /ˈnoʊtəri ˈpʌblɪk/","công chứng viên, xác nhận chữ ký trên giấy tờ pháp lý","Some legal documents require a notary public to certify your signature."],["power of attorney","POW-er-ov-uh-TUR-nee · /ˈpaʊər əv əˈtɜːrni/","ủy quyền pháp lý cho người khác thay bạn ký giấy tờ","If you travel often, consider granting a trusted person power of attorney."],["at-will employment","AT-WIL-em-PLOY-munt · /æt wɪl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/","tuyển dụng tự do, cả nhân viên và công ty đều có thể chấm dứt bất kỳ lúc nào","Most US states have at-will employment, meaning you can be let go without cause."],["workers compensation","WUR-kerz-kom-pun-SAY-shun · /ˈwɜːrkərz ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/","bảo hiểm tai nạn lao động, chi trả khi bạn bị thương ở nơi làm việc","Report any workplace injury immediately to qualify for workers compensation."],["COBRA","KOH-bruh · /ˈkoʊbrə/","tiếp tục bảo hiểm y tế của công ty sau khi nghỉ việc (tốn kém hơn nhiều)","COBRA lets you keep your employer health plan for 18 months but at full cost."],["non-disclosure agreement","NON-dis-KLOH-zher-uh-GREE-munt · /nɒn dɪˈskloʊʒər/","thỏa thuận bảo mật thông tin (NDA)","Sign an NDA before discussing proprietary information with a potential partner."],["intellectual property","in-tel-EK-choo-ul-PROP-er-tee · /ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃuəl ˈprɒpərti/","tài sản trí tuệ như bằng sáng chế, bản quyền, nhãn hiệu","Any work you create for your employer is typically their intellectual property."],["small claims court","SMAWL-KLAYMZ-KORT · /smɔːl kleɪmz kɔːrt/","tòa án xét xử tranh chấp nhỏ (thường dưới 10.000 đô) không cần luật sư","I took my landlord to small claims court to get my security deposit back."],["Miranda rights","mih-RAN-duh-RYTS · /mɪˈrændə raɪts/","quyền được thông báo khi bị bắt, bao gồm quyền im lặng","You have the right to remain silent – always invoke your Miranda rights if arrested."],["tenant rights","TEN-unt-RYTS · /ˈtɛnənt raɪts/","quyền của người thuê nhà, khác nhau theo tiểu bang","Know your tenant rights – in many states, landlords must give 24 hours notice to enter."],["ITIN","I-T-I-N · /aɪ tiː aɪ ɛn/","mã số thuế cho người không có SSN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number)","If you do not have an SSN, apply for an ITIN to file your US tax return."],["visa renewal","VEE-zuh-rih-NYOO-ul · /ˈviːzə rɪˈnjuːəl/","gia hạn visa trước khi hết hạn, không được phép ở quá hạn","Schedule your visa renewal appointment at least 3 months before your visa expires."],["adjustment of status","uh-JUST-munt-ov-STAY-tus · /əˈdʒʌstmənt əv ˈsteɪtəs/","thay đổi tình trạng visa bên trong lãnh thổ Mỹ","She filed for adjustment of status after marrying a US citizen."]]
[["rose", "ROHZ", "tăng lên (quá khứ của rise)", "The number of users rose from 200 to 500 between 2010 and 2020."], ["fell", "FELL", "giảm xuống (quá khứ của fall)", "Sales fell sharply during the economic downturn."], ["increased", "in-KREEST", "tăng lên…", "The population increased steadily over the decade."], ["decreased", "dee-KREEST", "giảm xuống…", "Carbon emissions decreased significantly after the new policy."], ["peaked at", "PEEKT-æt", "đạt đỉnh tại…", "Production peaked at 10,000 units in 2021 before declining."], ["declined", "di-KLAIND", "suy giảm, giảm dần…", "The birth rate declined gradually over 20 years."], ["surged", "SERJD", "tăng vọt, tăng đột biến", "Online shopping surged dramatically during the pandemic."], ["dropped", "DROPT", "rớt xuống, giảm mạnh", "Temperatures dropped suddenly in December."], ["levelled off", "LEV-uld-OFF", "ổn định, đi ngang", "After rapid growth, the figures levelled off at around 60%."], ["fluctuated", "FLUK-choo-ay-tid", "dao động, biến động lên xuống", "Prices fluctuated widely throughout the year."], ["stabilised", "STAY-buh-lized", "ổn định trở lại…", "The economy stabilised after several years of decline."], ["recovered", "ri-KUV-erd", "phục hồi, tăng trở lại", "The market recovered sharply after the initial crash."], ["plummeted", "PLUM-uh-tid", "lao dốc, giảm sốc đột ngột", "Share prices plummeted overnight due to the scandal."], ["remained stable", "ri-MAYND-STAY-bul", "giữ nguyên, không thay đổi", "The unemployment rate remained stable at around 5%."], ["witnessed a rise", "WIT-nist-uh-RAIZ", "chứng kiến mức tăng…", "The sector witnessed a significant rise in female participation."], ["rose sharply", "ROHZ-SHARP-lee", "tăng mạnh, tăng đột ngột", "The temperature rose sharply by 5 degrees in just one week."], ["fell gradually", "FELL-GRAD-joo-uh-lee", "giảm dần dần", "The crime rate fell gradually over the past decade."], ["increased steadily", "in-KREEST-STED-uh-lee", "tăng đều đặn", "Life expectancy increased steadily throughout the 20th century."], ["declined slightly", "di-KLAIND-SLAIT-lee", "giảm nhẹ", "Profits declined slightly in the third quarter."], ["grew dramatically", "GROO-druh-MÆT-ik-lee", "tăng trưởng mạnh mẽ", "The use of smartphones grew dramatically between 2010 and 2020."], ["dropped significantly", "DROPT-sig-NIF-uh-kunt-lee", "giảm đáng kể", "Unemployment dropped significantly after the new investment."], ["surged rapidly", "SERJD-RÆP-id-lee", "tăng vọt nhanh chóng", "Internet access surged rapidly in developing countries."], ["fluctuated wildly", "FLUK-choo-ay-tid-WAILD-lee", "dao động mạnh không ổn định", "Oil prices fluctuated wildly throughout the crisis."], ["rose moderately", "ROHZ-MOD-uh-rut-lee", "tăng vừa phải, tăng nhẹ", "Wages rose moderately over the five-year period."], ["fell steeply", "FELL-STEEP-lee", "giảm dốc, giảm mạnh", "The value of the currency fell steeply after the announcement."], ["make up", "MAYK-UP", "chiếm, cấu thành (tỷ lệ)…", "Women make up over 60% of university graduates."], ["constitute", "KON-stuh-tyoot", "chiếm, tạo nên…", "Renewable energy now constitutes 30% of total electricity production."], ["represent", "rep-ruh-ZENT", "đại diện cho, chiếm…", "Asia represents the largest share of global manufacturing."], ["account for the majority", "uh-KOUNT-for-thuh-muh-JOR-uh-tee", "chiếm phần lớn…", "Young adults account for the majority of social media users."], ["a significant proportion of", "uh-sig-NIF-uh-kunt-pruh-POR-shun-ov", "một tỷ lệ đáng kể…", "A significant proportion of the budget was spent on healthcare."], ["roughly half of", "RUF-lee-HAFF-ov", "khoảng một nửa…", "Roughly half of all households now own a smart device."], ["nearly a quarter of", "NEER-lee-uh-KWOR-ter-ov", "gần một phần tư…", "Nearly a quarter of the population lives in urban areas."], ["more than doubled", "MOR-thun-DUB-uld", "tăng hơn gấp đôi", "The number of electric vehicles more than doubled in three years."], ["almost tripled", "AWL-mohst-TRIP-uld", "gần gấp ba lần", "Online sales almost tripled during the lockdown period."], ["just over / just under", "JUST-OH-ver/JUST-UN-der", "vừa hơn / vừa dưới…", "Just over 40% of respondents agreed with the new policy."], ["approximately", "uh-PROK-suh-mut-lee", "khoảng, xấp xỉ", "Approximately 70% of households had internet access by 2022."], ["roughly", "RUF-lee", "khoảng, ước chừng", "Roughly one in three adults exercises on a regular basis."], ["nearly", "NEER-lee", "gần, gần như", "Nearly 80% of students passed the national examination."], ["slightly more than", "SLAIT-lee-MOR-thun", "nhiều hơn một chút so với…", "Slightly more than 20% of respondents chose the third option."], ["a steady increase of", "uh-STED-ee-IN-krees-ov", "mức tăng đều đặn…", "There was a steady increase of 3% annually over the period shown."], ["over the period", "OH-ver-thuh-PEER-ee-ud", "trong suốt giai đoạn này", "Over the period, there was a clear upward trend in graduation rates."], ["during this time", "DYOOR-ing-this-TAIM", "trong thời gian này", "During this time, the figures rose from 10% to 45%."], ["from X to Y", "from-X-tuh-Y", "từ X đến Y (mốc thời gian)", "From 2010 to 2020, the population grew by over 15%."], ["between X and Y", "bi-TWEEN-X-ænd-Y", "trong khoảng từ X đến Y", "Between 2005 and 2015, internet usage tripled worldwide."], ["by the end of the period", "bai-thuh-END-ov-thuh-PEER-ee-ud", "vào cuối giai đoạn", "By the end of the period, the figure had reached its highest point."], ["at its peak", "æt-its-PEEK", "ở mức đỉnh điểm", "At its peak, the unemployment rate stood at nearly 12%."], ["at the beginning of", "æt-thuh-bi-GIN-ing-ov", "vào đầu…", "At the beginning of the decade, fewer than 20% owned smartphones."], ["in the following year", "in-thuh-FOL-oh-ing-YEER", "vào năm tiếp theo", "In the following year, production rose by a further 10%."], ["compared with", "kum-PERD-with", "so với, so sánh với…", "Compared with the previous year, sales increased by 15%."], ["in contrast to", "in-KON-trast-tuh", "trái ngược với, đối lập với…", "In contrast to rural areas, cities saw rapid population growth."], ["whereas", "wer-ÆZ", "trong khi đó, ngược lại…", "The older group preferred TV, whereas younger people used smartphones."], ["by contrast", "bai-KON-trast", "tương phản với điều đó…", "Men worked longer hours; by contrast, women spent more time on childcare."], ["Overall, it is clear that", "OH-ver-awl-its-KLEER-thæt", "Nhìn chung, có thể thấy rõ rằng…", "Overall, it is clear that car usage declined significantly over the period."], ["The most notable feature is", "thuh-MOHST-NOH-tuh-bul-FEER-cher-iz", "Đặc điểm nổi bật nhất là…", "The most notable feature is the dramatic rise in renewable energy use."], ["The figures show that", "thuh-FIG-yerz-SHOH-thæt", "Các số liệu cho thấy rằng…", "The figures show that consumption peaked in 2018 before declining."], ["There was a marked increase in", "ther-wuz-uh-MARKT-IN-krees-in", "Có sự tăng trưởng rõ rệt về…", "There was a marked increase in online transactions after 2020."], ["showed an upward trend", "SHOHD-un-UP-werd-TREND", "cho thấy xu hướng đi lên…", "All three categories showed an upward trend over the five-year period."], ["experienced a dramatic fall", "ik-SPEER-ee-unst-uh-druh-MÆT-ik-FAWL", "trải qua sự sụt giảm mạnh", "The manufacturing sector experienced a dramatic fall in output."], ["saw the most significant change", "SAW-thuh-MOHST-sig-NIF-uh-kunt-CHAYNJ", "chứng kiến sự thay đổi đáng kể nhất", "The transport sector saw the most significant change over the period."]]
[["carry out", "KÆR-ee-AUT", "thực hiện, tiến hành…", "Researchers carried out a study on the effects of social media."], ["bring about", "BRING-uh-BAUT", "gây ra, tạo ra (sự thay đổi)…", "Technology has brought about significant changes in communication."], ["look into", "LUK-IN-too", "điều tra, xem xét kỹ…", "The government decided to look into the rising cost of living."], ["take up", "TAYK-UP", "bắt đầu (sở thích) / chiếm (không gian)…", "More people are taking up cycling as a form of exercise."], ["set up", "SET-UP", "thành lập, thiết lập…", "She set up her own business after being made redundant."], ["point out", "POINT-AUT", "chỉ ra, nhấn mạnh…", "Critics have pointed out several flaws in the proposal."], ["turn out", "TERN-AUT", "hóa ra, kết quả là…", "It turned out that the project was more expensive than expected."], ["come up with", "KUM-UP-with", "nghĩ ra, đưa ra (ý tưởng)…", "The team came up with an innovative solution to the problem."], ["deal with", "DEEL-with", "giải quyết, đối phó với…", "Governments need to deal with the growing problem of air pollution."], ["lead to", "LEED-tuh", "dẫn đến, gây ra…", "Lack of exercise can lead to serious long-term health problems."], ["result in", "ri-ZULT-in", "dẫn đến kết quả là…", "Poor planning can result in project failure and wasted resources."], ["give up", "GIV-UP", "từ bỏ, bỏ cuộc…", "Many people find it hard to give up unhealthy habits."], ["keep up with", "KEEP-UP-with", "theo kịp, bắt kịp…", "It can be difficult to keep up with rapid technological change."], ["make up for", "MAYK-UP-for", "bù đắp cho…", "Extra effort can make up for a lack of natural talent."], ["put off", "PUT-OFF", "trì hoãn, hoãn lại…", "Many students tend to put off studying until the last minute."], ["go through", "GOH-THROO", "trải qua, vượt qua…", "Many families have gone through financial hardship this year."], ["find out", "FAIND-AUT", "tìm hiểu, phát hiện…", "Researchers are trying to find out the root cause of the disease."], ["take part in", "TAYK-PART-in", "tham gia vào…", "More young people are taking part in community activities."], ["focus on", "FOH-kus-ON", "tập trung vào…", "The new policy focuses on reducing carbon emissions significantly."], ["rely on", "ri-LAI-ON", "phụ thuộc vào, dựa vào…", "Many rural communities rely on agriculture for their income."], ["cut down on", "KUT-DAUN-on", "cắt giảm, giảm bớt…", "Doctors advise patients to cut down on sugar and processed food."], ["run out of", "RUN-AUT-ov", "hết, cạn kiệt…", "The world may eventually run out of affordable fossil fuels."], ["break down", "BRAYK-DAUN", "phân tích chi tiết / hỏng hóc…", "We need to break down the problem into smaller, manageable parts."], ["build up", "BILD-UP", "xây dựng, tích lũy dần…", "It takes years to build up genuine trust within a community."], ["come across", "KUM-uh-KROS", "tình cờ gặp / tìm thấy…", "I came across an interesting article about climate change."], ["catch up with", "KÆCH-UP-with", "đuổi kịp…", "Developing countries are trying to catch up with wealthier nations."], ["stand out", "STÆND-AUT", "nổi bật, gây chú ý…", "This candidate stands out because of her unique skill set."], ["take on", "TAYK-ON", "đảm nhận, tiếp nhận…", "The company is planning to take on 500 new employees next year."], ["put forward", "PUT-FOR-werd", "đề xuất, đưa ra (ý kiến)…", "The committee put forward several recommendations for policy reform."], ["call for", "KAWL-for", "kêu gọi, đòi hỏi…", "Many experts are calling for stricter environmental regulations."], ["give rise to", "GIV-RAIZ-tuh", "gây ra, dẫn tới…", "Rapid urbanisation has given rise to many social problems."], ["draw on", "DRAW-ON", "vận dụng, tận dụng (kinh nghiệm)…", "She drew on her 10 years of experience to solve the complex issue."], ["end up", "END-UP", "rốt cuộc, cuối cùng…", "Many graduates end up working outside their original field of study."], ["hold back", "HOHLD-BÆK", "kìm hãm, ngăn cản…", "Financial barriers can hold back talented students from higher education."], ["phase out", "FAYZ-AUT", "loại bỏ dần, xóa bỏ từng bước…", "The government plans to phase out coal-fired power plants by 2030."], ["scale up", "SKAYL-UP", "mở rộng quy mô…", "The company is looking to scale up production to meet rising demand."], ["slow down", "SLOH-DAUN", "làm chậm lại, giảm tốc độ…", "Economic growth has slowed down significantly in recent years."], ["speak out", "SPEEK-AUT", "lên tiếng, nói lên ý kiến…", "More citizens are speaking out about pressing environmental issues."], ["think through", "THINK-THROO", "suy nghĩ kỹ, cân nhắc toàn diện…", "It is important to think through the consequences before deciding."], ["turn into", "TERN-IN-too", "biến thành, chuyển đổi thành…", "The abandoned factory was turned into a vibrant community centre."], ["narrow down", "NÆR-oh-DAUN", "thu hẹp, lọc bớt lựa chọn…", "Researchers narrowed down the causes to three key factors."], ["look up to", "LUK-UP-tuh", "ngưỡng mộ, kính trọng…", "Many young people look up to successful entrepreneurs as role models."], ["work out", "WERK-AUT", "tập thể dục / giải quyết được…", "Regular exercise helps people work out stress and improve mental health."], ["try out", "TRAI-AUT", "thử, dùng thử…", "Schools are trying out new teaching methods to improve student outcomes."], ["wipe out", "WAIP-AUT", "xóa sổ, tiêu diệt hoàn toàn…", "Disease wiped out nearly a third of the population in some regions."], ["face up to", "FAYZ-UP-tuh", "đối mặt với (thực tế khó chịu)…", "Society needs to face up to the reality of climate change."], ["step up", "STEP-UP", "tăng cường, đẩy mạnh…", "Authorities must step up efforts to tackle rising inequality."], ["roll out", "ROHL-AUT", "triển khai, ra mắt diện rộng…", "The new vaccine was rolled out across the country within months."], ["stand for", "STÆND-for", "đại diện cho, là viết tắt của…", "The acronym GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product."], ["back up", "BÆK-UP", "sao lưu / hỗ trợ, củng cố…", "These findings back up the theory proposed by earlier researchers."]]
[["the vast majority of", "thuh-VAST-muh-JOR-uh-tee-ov", "phần lớn, đại đa số…", "The vast majority of respondents supported the proposed changes."], ["a small minority of", "uh-SMAWL-mai-NOR-uh-tee-ov", "một thiểu số nhỏ…", "Only a small minority of students failed to meet the standard."], ["one in three", "WUN-in-THREE", "cứ 1 trong 3 người / vật…", "One in three adults in the survey reported feeling stressed at work."], ["two thirds of", "TOO-THERDZ-ov", "hai phần ba…", "Two thirds of the population now has access to the internet."], ["three quarters of", "THREE-KWOR-terz-ov", "ba phần tư…", "Three quarters of students prefer online learning to classroom study."], ["a fraction of", "uh-FRÆK-shun-ov", "một phần nhỏ của…", "Online retailers can operate at a fraction of the cost of physical stores."], ["doubled from X to Y", "DUB-uld-from-X-tuh-Y", "tăng gấp đôi từ X lên Y", "The number of electric cars doubled from 1 million to 2 million in two years."], ["tripled in size", "TRIP-uld-in-SAIZ", "tăng gấp ba về quy mô", "The company tripled in size within five years of launching."], ["increased fourfold", "in-KREEST-FOR-fohld", "tăng gấp bốn lần", "Output increased fourfold following the introduction of automation."], ["fell by half", "FELL-bai-HAFF", "giảm đi một nửa", "Energy consumption fell by half after the new efficiency measures."], ["a tenfold increase", "uh-TEN-fohld-IN-krees", "mức tăng gấp mười lần", "There has been a tenfold increase in the use of renewable energy."], ["approximately X percent", "uh-PROK-suh-mut-lee-X-pur-SENT", "khoảng X phần trăm", "Approximately 65 percent of the workforce is employed in the service sector."], ["an estimated X million", "un-ES-tuh-may-tid-X-MIL-yun", "ước tính X triệu…", "An estimated 50 million people are affected by this condition globally."], ["in the region of", "in-thuh-REE-jun-ov", "vào khoảng, ước tính khoảng…", "The project costs in the region of five billion dollars in total."], ["up to / as many as", "UP-tuh/æz-MEN-ee-æz", "lên đến, nhiều tới…", "As many as 80% of startups fail within the first three years."], ["no more than", "NOH-MOR-thun", "không nhiều hơn, không vượt quá…", "No more than 10% of participants were under the age of 18."], ["as few as", "æz-FYOO-æz", "ít đến mức chỉ…", "As few as 5% of applicants were selected for the final round."], ["at a rate of", "æt-uh-RAYT-ov", "với tốc độ…", "The population is growing at a rate of 1.5% per year."], ["on average", "ON-ÆV-uh-rij", "trung bình, bình quân", "On average, workers in this sector earn 20% more than the national median."], ["the average stands at", "thuh-ÆV-uh-rij-STÆNDZ-æt", "mức trung bình là…", "The average household income stands at around $45,000 per year."], ["per capita", "pur-KÆP-uh-tuh", "tính theo đầu người", "GDP per capita rose by 8% following the economic reforms."], ["year on year", "YEER-ON-YEER", "so với năm trước, hàng năm liên tục", "Profits increased year on year throughout the entire decade."], ["stood at", "STUD-æt", "ở mức, đứng ở…", "In 2020, the unemployment rate stood at 4.7%."], ["reached a high of", "REECHT-uh-HAI-ov", "đạt mức cao nhất là…", "Exports reached a high of $200 billion in the final quarter."], ["hit a low of", "HIT-uh-LOH-ov", "chạm mức thấp nhất là…", "Confidence hit a low of 32% during the financial crisis."], ["recorded its highest ever", "ri-KOR-did-its-HAI-est-EV-er", "ghi nhận mức cao nhất từ trước đến nay", "The city recorded its highest ever temperature last summer."], ["saw a sharp drop of", "SAW-uh-SHARP-DROP-ov", "chứng kiến mức giảm mạnh…", "The company saw a sharp drop of 30% in quarterly revenue."], ["a marginal change", "uh-MAR-jih-nul-CHAYNJ", "sự thay đổi nhỏ, không đáng kể", "There was only a marginal change in the figures over the period."], ["a negligible difference", "uh-NEG-lih-jih-bul-DIF-er-unts", "sự khác biệt không đáng kể", "The two groups showed a negligible difference in test performance."], ["ranked first / second", "RÆNKT-FERST/SEK-und", "xếp hạng nhất / nhì…", "Vietnam ranked second in the region for export growth last year."], ["the highest proportion", "thuh-HAI-est-pruh-POR-shun", "tỷ lệ cao nhất…", "The highest proportion of internet users was found in urban areas."], ["the lowest figure", "thuh-LOH-est-FIG-yer", "con số thấp nhất…", "The lowest figure was recorded in the northern region during winter."], ["outpaced", "aut-PAYST", "vượt qua, tăng nhanh hơn…", "Growth in the digital sector outpaced all other industries."], ["exceeded", "ik-SEED-id", "vượt quá, vượt mức…", "Annual revenue exceeded expectations for the third consecutive year."], ["fell short of", "FELL-SHORT-ov", "không đạt được, thấp hơn so với…", "The final total fell short of the original target by 15%."], ["over the same period", "OH-ver-thuh-SAYM-PEER-ee-ud", "trong cùng giai đoạn đó…", "Over the same period, competitor sales fell by nearly a third."], ["in the long term", "in-thuh-LONG-TERM", "về lâu dài, trong dài hạn", "In the long term, investment in education pays significant dividends."], ["in the short term", "in-thuh-SHORT-TERM", "trong ngắn hạn", "In the short term, prices are expected to remain volatile."], ["over the next decade", "OH-ver-thuh-NEXT-DEK-ayd", "trong thập kỷ tới", "Over the next decade, renewable energy is projected to triple in capacity."], ["historically", "his-TOR-ik-uh-lee", "về mặt lịch sử, theo lịch sử…", "Historically, this region has maintained a low unemployment rate."]]

[["The line graph shows the percentage of households with Internet access in the UK, Germany, and France between 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates the proportion of households</strong> with Internet access in three European countries over a twenty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> all three countries <strong>experienced a clear upward trend</strong> throughout the period, with the UK <strong>consistently recording the highest figures.</strong> By 2020, Internet penetration had <strong>reached near-universal levels</strong> across all three nations.\n\nIn 2000, the UK led with approximately 26% of households connected, while Germany and France <strong>stood at</strong> around 18% and 14% respectively. The UK’s figures <strong>rose sharply</strong> over the first decade, <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 77% by 2010—<strong>more than doubling</strong> its 2000 figure. Germany <strong>followed a broadly similar</strong> but slightly slower trajectory, <strong>climbing steadily</strong> to 68%.\n\nBetween 2010 and 2020, growth <strong>slowed moderately,</strong> eventually <strong>levelling off</strong> at 95%, 91%, and 88% for the UK, Germany, and France respectively. <strong>Notably,</strong> France <strong>narrowed the gap considerably,</strong> rising <strong>dramatically</strong> from 57% to 88% and almost matching Germany by 2020.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph below shows CO₂ emissions (in metric tonnes per capita) in four countries — the USA, Japan, China, and India — from 1990 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> per-capita CO₂ emissions in four major economies over a thirty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the USA <strong>remained the highest emitter throughout,</strong> while India and China <strong>showed contrasting trends</strong> — the latter <strong>rising dramatically</strong> as the former <strong>grew steadily</strong> from a low base.\n\nIn 1990, the USA <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at around 20 tonnes per capita, with Japan at 9 tonnes. China and India <strong>stood at</strong> comparatively low levels of 2 and 0.8 tonnes respectively. By 2005, the USA’s emissions had <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 19 tonnes, while China’s <strong>climbed rapidly</strong> to 5 tonnes, <strong>more than doubling</strong> its 1990 figure.\n\nOver the final decade, the USA’s figure <strong>fell considerably</strong> to 15 tonnes as cleaner energy expanded, whereas China’s <strong>reached a peak of</strong> 8 tonnes before <strong>levelling off.</strong> India’s emissions <strong>grew gradually</strong> throughout, <strong>standing at</strong> 2 tonnes in 2020—still <strong>well below</strong> the other three nations.", "Line graph", "Environment"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of men and women enrolled in higher education in a particular country between 1970 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates changes in</strong> university enrolment rates among men and women over a fifty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> female enrolment <strong>rose dramatically</strong> throughout the period and eventually <strong>overtook</strong> male participation, which <strong>grew at a more gradual pace.</strong>\n\nIn 1970, male enrolment <strong>stood at</strong> approximately 30%, <strong>considerably higher than</strong> female enrolment at just 15%. Both figures <strong>increased steadily</strong> over the following two decades; however, women’s participation <strong>grew at a markedly faster rate,</strong> <strong>climbing sharply</strong> from 15% to 35% between 1980 and 2000.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> male enrolment <strong>rose modestly</strong> over the same period, reaching only 40%. In 2005, female enrolment <strong>overtook</strong> male for the first time, and this gap <strong>widened considerably</strong> over the following fifteen years. By 2020, women’s participation had <strong>reached a high of</strong> 65%, compared with just 45% for men—<strong>a difference of roughly 20 percentage points.</strong>", "Line graph", "Education"], ["The line graph shows average monthly electricity consumption (in kWh) in residential and commercial buildings in a particular city from 2000 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> electricity usage in residential and commercial sectors of a city over a twenty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both sectors <strong>showed an upward trend,</strong> with commercial consumption <strong>rising more steeply</strong> and eventually surpassing residential usage.\n\nIn 2000, residential buildings <strong>accounted for</strong> the greater share, consuming approximately 850 kWh per month, while commercial premises <strong>stood at</strong> 600 kWh. Both figures <strong>increased steadily</strong> until 2008, at which point commercial consumption <strong>rose sharply,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 1,200 kWh by 2012.\n\nResidential usage, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew at a more moderate pace,</strong> <strong>levelling off</strong> at around 950 kWh between 2010 and 2015 before <strong>declining slightly</strong> to 920 kWh by 2020—likely reflecting improved home insulation. Commercial consumption also <strong>fell marginally</strong> after 2015, settling at 1,100 kWh, yet <strong>remained significantly higher than</strong> residential figures throughout the latter part of the period.", "Line graph", "Energy"], ["The line graph shows the unemployment rates (%) in three countries — Australia, Spain, and South Korea — between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> unemployment rates across three countries over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Spain <strong>experienced the most dramatic fluctuations,</strong> while South Korea <strong>maintained consistently low levels.</strong> Australia’s figures <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> throughout.\n\nIn 2005, all three countries <strong>recorded</strong> similar rates of between 4% and 10%, with Spain highest at around 10% and South Korea lowest at 4%. Between 2008 and 2013, Spain’s unemployment <strong>soared dramatically,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 27% — <strong>the highest point</strong> in the dataset — before <strong>falling steeply</strong> to 14% by 2020. Australia’s rate <strong>fluctuated moderately</strong> between 4% and 7% throughout, <strong>peaking</strong> briefly at 7% in 2010 and 2020.\n\nSouth Korea’s figure <strong>remained remarkably stable,</strong> <strong>hovering around</strong> 3–4% for the entire period, and <strong>showed minimal change</strong> even during the 2008 financial crisis—<strong>a contrast</strong> with the volatility seen in Spain.", "Line graph", "Economy"], ["The line graph shows international tourist arrivals (in millions) in four regions — Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Americas, and Africa — from 1995 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> international tourist arrivals in four world regions over a twenty-five-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Europe <strong>consistently attracted the most visitors,</strong> while all regions <strong>showed a general upward trend</strong> before a <strong>dramatic decline</strong> in 2020.\n\nIn 1995, Europe led with 315 million arrivals, followed by the Americas at 110 million. Asia-Pacific <strong>stood at</strong> 82 million, while Africa <strong>recorded the lowest figure</strong> at just 20 million. Over the next two decades, Europe’s figures <strong>grew steadily,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 745 million in 2019. Asia-Pacific <strong>grew most rapidly</strong> of all regions, <strong>climbing</strong> from 82 to 360 million — <strong>more than quadrupling</strong> its 1995 total.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> 2020 saw all regions <strong>decline sharply</strong> due to the global pandemic. Europe’s arrivals <strong>plummeted</strong> to just 220 million, while Asia-Pacific <strong>fell dramatically</strong> to 85 million — effectively <strong>erasing two decades of growth</strong> in a single year.", "Line graph", "Tourism"], ["The line graph shows the number of mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people in five countries from 2000 to 2015.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> mobile phone adoption rates across five countries over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> all countries <strong>experienced substantial growth,</strong> with developed nations reaching near-saturation while emerging markets <strong>caught up rapidly</strong> in the latter part of the period.\n\nIn 2000, Sweden led with approximately 70 subscriptions per 100 people, followed by the USA at 40. India and Nigeria <strong>stood at</strong> 2 and 1 respectively, <strong>well below</strong> the other nations. By 2005, Sweden’s figure had <strong>risen sharply</strong> to 100, <strong>levelling off</strong> thereafter. The USA <strong>followed a similar trajectory,</strong> <strong>reaching</strong> 95 by 2010.\n\nThe most <strong>dramatic changes</strong> occurred in India and Nigeria, where subscriptions <strong>soared</strong> from single digits in 2000 to 73 and 80 per 100 people by 2015 respectively — <strong>remarkable growth</strong> driven by affordable handsets. China, meanwhile, <strong>grew steadily</strong> from 7 to 95 over the same period, <strong>narrowing the gap</strong> with wealthier nations considerably.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph shows the average house prices (in thousands of dollars) in three cities — Sydney, Toronto, and Berlin — between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> average residential property prices in three cities over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Sydney <strong>recorded by far the steepest rise,</strong> while Berlin’s prices <strong>grew gradually</strong> from a much lower base. Toronto followed an intermediate pattern.\n\nIn 2005, all three cities <strong>recorded</strong> relatively similar prices, ranging from $380,000 in Sydney to $220,000 in Berlin. Between 2005 and 2012, changes were <strong>moderate</strong> across all cities, with Sydney <strong>climbing steadily</strong> to $500,000. A <strong>more dramatic shift</strong> occurred after 2012: Sydney’s prices <strong>soared</strong> to a <strong>peak of</strong> $1.1 million by 2017 before <strong>declining slightly</strong> to $950,000 in 2020.\n\nToronto <strong>followed a broadly similar upward trend,</strong> <strong>reaching</strong> $780,000 by 2020 — <strong>more than double</strong> its 2005 figure. Berlin, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew more gradually,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> $220,000 to $480,000, though this still <strong>represented a considerable increase</strong> in relative terms.", "Line graph", "Housing"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of adults who regularly exercised in three age groups (18–30, 31–50, 51–70) in a country from 2000 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> regular exercise rates among three adult age groups over two decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the youngest group <strong>consistently showed the highest participation rates,</strong> while the oldest group <strong>experienced the most significant growth</strong> over the period.\n\nIn 2000, 18–30 year-olds <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at 52%, followed by the 31–50 group at 35%, and the 51–70 group at just 20%. The 18–30 cohort’s rate <strong>fluctuated moderately</strong> over the following decade before <strong>declining gradually</strong> to 47% by 2020 — possibly reflecting busier lifestyles among younger adults.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the 51–70 age group showed a <strong>remarkable upward trend,</strong> <strong>climbing steadily</strong> from 20% to 42% — <strong>more than doubling</strong> over the period. The 31–50 group <strong>grew at a moderate pace,</strong> reaching 44% in 2020. <strong>Notably,</strong> by 2018 the figures for all three groups had <strong>converged at around</strong> 43–47%, suggesting increasingly similar exercise habits across age groups.", "Line graph", "Health"], ["The line graph shows the volume of goods transported by road, rail, water, and pipeline in a European country from 1974 to 2002.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> freight transport volumes across four modes in a European country over nearly three decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> road transport <strong>dominated throughout</strong> and <strong>grew substantially,</strong> while pipeline and water transport <strong>remained relatively stable.</strong> Rail freight <strong>declined noticeably</strong> over the period.\n\nIn 1974, road transport <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 70 billion tonne-kilometres, <strong>the highest of all modes.</strong> It <strong>rose steadily</strong> to reach around 100 billion by 2002. Water transport <strong>remained fairly stable</strong> at between 50 and 60 billion throughout, while pipeline usage <strong>grew gradually</strong> from 5 to 22 billion.\n\nRail freight, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>declined sharply</strong> from around 40 billion in 1974 to a <strong>low of</strong> 30 billion in the early 1990s. <strong>After an initial recovery,</strong> it <strong>levelled off</strong> at approximately 35 billion by 2002 — still <strong>considerably lower than</strong> its starting point. Road transport’s <strong>consistent dominance</strong> suggests a long-term shift in logistics preference away from rail.", "Line graph", "Transport"], ["The line graph shows the production of renewable energy (in terawatt-hours) from solar, wind, and hydroelectric sources in a country between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> renewable energy output from three sources over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> wind and solar energy <strong>grew dramatically,</strong> overtaking hydroelectric power which had <strong>remained the dominant source</strong> at the start of the period.\n\nIn 2005, hydroelectric power <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 220 TWh, while wind and solar <strong>stood at</strong> just 30 and 5 TWh respectively. Hydroelectric output <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> over the following decade, <strong>levelling off</strong> at around 240 TWh by 2015.\n\nWind energy, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew rapidly,</strong> <strong>climbing steadily</strong> from 30 TWh to 180 TWh by 2015 before <strong>soaring</strong> to 290 TWh in 2020 — <strong>overtaking</strong> hydroelectric for the first time. Solar power <strong>showed the most dramatic growth of all,</strong> <strong>rising sharply</strong> from near zero to 200 TWh by 2020 — a <strong>fortyfold increase</strong> that reflects falling panel costs and government incentives.", "Line graph", "Energy"], ["The line graph shows the birth rate and death rate (per 1,000 people) in a developing country between 1960 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> birth and death rates per 1,000 people in a developing country over sixty years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both rates <strong>declined substantially</strong> over the period, with the death rate falling more rapidly and the gap between the two <strong>narrowing considerably</strong> by 2020.\n\nIn 1960, the birth rate <strong>stood at</strong> a very high 45 per 1,000, while the death rate was 22. The death rate <strong>fell sharply</strong> throughout the 1960s and 1970s, driven by improved healthcare, <strong>reaching</strong> around 12 by 1980 and <strong>continuing to decline gradually</strong> to 8 by 2020. The gap in the early period created a <strong>rapid population growth phase.</strong>\n\nThe birth rate, meanwhile, <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> until 1975 at around 42–45, before <strong>declining steadily</strong> to 25 by 2000. Between 2000 and 2020 it <strong>fell more sharply,</strong> eventually <strong>standing at</strong> 18 — still <strong>more than double</strong> the death rate, indicating continued population growth albeit at a <strong>much slower pace.</strong>", "Line graph", "Demographics"], ["The line graph shows the average monthly rainfall (mm) in two cities — Lagos and Mumbai — over a twelve-month period.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> monthly rainfall patterns in Lagos and Mumbai throughout a single year.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both cities <strong>experienced distinct wet and dry seasons,</strong> though their peak rainfall months differed considerably. Mumbai received <strong>substantially more</strong> rain at its peak, while Lagos showed a more even distribution.\n\nIn January, both cities <strong>recorded</strong> low rainfall — Lagos at 15mm and Mumbai at just 5mm. Lagos’s precipitation <strong>grew steadily</strong> from February, <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 290mm in June before <strong>declining sharply</strong> to near zero in August — an unusual mid-summer dry spell. A <strong>second, smaller peak</strong> of 190mm occurred in September before <strong>declining gradually</strong> through December.\n\nMumbai’s pattern was markedly different. Rainfall <strong>remained minimal</strong> from January to May, then <strong>soared dramatically</strong> to <strong>peak at</strong> 680mm in July — <strong>more than double</strong> Lagos’s maximum. It then <strong>fell steeply</strong> through September and <strong>returned to</strong> near-zero levels by November, reflecting a classic monsoon cycle.", "Line graph", "Geography"], ["The line graph shows the market share (%) of four smartphone brands — Brand A, B, C, and D — in a country from 2010 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> how the market share of four smartphone brands changed over a decade.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Brand A <strong>declined dramatically</strong> from a position of dominance, while Brand C <strong>rose sharply</strong> to become the market leader by 2020. Brands B and D showed <strong>moderate and relatively stable</strong> trends.\n\nIn 2010, Brand A <strong>held</strong> approximately 55% market share — <strong>by far the highest.</strong> Brand B <strong>stood at</strong> 25%, while Brands C and D had just 12% and 8% respectively. Brand A’s share <strong>began declining gradually</strong> after 2012 and <strong>fell steeply</strong> from 2015, <strong>reaching a low of</strong> 20% by 2020 — <strong>a decrease of 35 percentage points.</strong>\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Brand C <strong>grew rapidly,</strong> <strong>climbing from</strong> 12% to 42% over the decade, <strong>overtaking</strong> Brand A in 2018. Brand B <strong>declined modestly</strong> from 25% to 18%, while Brand D <strong>remained relatively unchanged</strong> at 7–10%, <strong>showing minimal sensitivity</strong> to the broader market shifts.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of the population living in urban areas in three continents — Africa, Asia, and Latin America — between 1970 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> urbanisation rates across three continents over fifty years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Latin America <strong>consistently recorded the highest urbanisation levels,</strong> while Asia and Africa, despite starting from lower bases, <strong>grew steadily throughout</strong> the period.\n\nIn 1970, Latin America’s urban population <strong>stood at</strong> approximately 57%, while Asia and Africa <strong>recorded considerably lower figures</strong> of 24% and 23% respectively. Latin America’s figure <strong>climbed steadily</strong> to <strong>reach</strong> 81% by 2020 — a <strong>substantial but relatively gradual</strong> increase. Asia’s rate <strong>grew consistently,</strong> <strong>more than doubling</strong> from 24% to 52% over the fifty-year period.\n\nAfrica’s urbanisation <strong>followed a similar upward trajectory,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> 23% to 44%. <strong>Notably,</strong> while Asia <strong>has overtaken</strong> the 50% threshold, both Asia and Africa <strong>remain well below</strong> Latin America, suggesting that rural populations still <strong>predominate</strong> across much of these regions.", "Line graph", "Demographics"], ["The bar chart shows the main reasons why people in a particular country chose to work from home in 2022, by percentage.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> the main motivations for remote working among employees in a country in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> work-life balance was <strong>by far the most commonly cited reason,</strong> while financial savings and health concerns <strong>accounted for</strong> a considerably smaller share of responses.\n\n<strong>The most significant factor</strong> was the desire for better work-life balance, cited by 68% of respondents — <strong>more than double</strong> the next highest category. Avoiding commuting <strong>came second at</strong> 31%, followed closely by the ability to care for family members at 28%.\n\nIncreased productivity <strong>was reported by</strong> approximately 22% of workers, while financial savings on transport and meals <strong>accounted for a more modest</strong> 15%. Health concerns, including reduced exposure to illness, <strong>represented the smallest proportion</strong> at just 9%. <strong>Notably,</strong> personal preference for a quieter working environment, at 19%, <strong>ranked higher than</strong> both financial and health motivations — suggesting that comfort and autonomy are <strong>significant drivers</strong> of remote working behaviour.", "Bar chart", "Work & Society"], ["The bar chart shows the average number of hours per week that people in different age groups spent on leisure activities in a particular country in 2019.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> weekly leisure time across six age groups in a country in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> older age groups <strong>enjoyed considerably more leisure time</strong> than younger adults, with the over-65 group recording <strong>by far the highest figure.</strong>\n\nThose aged 65 and over <strong>recorded the highest average</strong> at 41 hours per week, <strong>almost twice</strong> the figure for the 35–44 group. The 55–64 age group <strong>followed closely behind</strong> at 36 hours, while those aged 45–54 <strong>averaged</strong> 28 hours.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the 25–34 and 35–44 groups <strong>reported the least leisure time</strong> at 22 and 21 hours respectively — likely reflecting the demands of careers and childcare. The youngest group, aged 16–24, <strong>averaged</strong> 26 hours — <strong>more than</strong> the two middle groups despite having fewer professional responsibilities. <strong>Overall,</strong> there appears to be a <strong>clear U-shaped pattern,</strong> with leisure time peaking among the very young and the retired.", "Bar chart", "Lifestyle"], ["The bar chart shows the average carbon footprint (in tonnes of CO₂ equivalent) of five modes of transport per passenger per kilometre.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> the carbon footprint of five transport modes on a per-kilometre, per-passenger basis.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> domestic air travel <strong>produced by far the highest emissions,</strong> while cycling and walking <strong>generated negligible carbon output.</strong> Public transport options <strong>fell considerably below</strong> private car use.\n\nDomestic flights <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at 255g of CO₂ per km — <strong>approximately three times higher than</strong> driving a petrol car alone, which <strong>stood at</strong> 89g. Petrol cars with multiple passengers <strong>showed a more moderate figure</strong> of around 43g, highlighting the impact of occupancy on efficiency.\n\nLong-distance trains <strong>produced substantially less</strong> at just 41g per passenger per km, while local buses <strong>averaged</strong> 89g — <strong>comparable to</strong> a single-occupancy car. Cycling and walking <strong>produced essentially zero emissions.</strong> <strong>Notably,</strong> a fully loaded coach <strong>generated only 27g</strong> — <strong>the lowest motorised option</strong> — underlining the environmental advantage of high-occupancy ground transport.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The bar chart shows the percentage of households using different types of energy sources for heating in five European countries in 2020.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> the distribution of residential heating energy sources across five European countries in 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> natural gas <strong>dominated in most countries,</strong> but there were <strong>notable differences</strong> in the use of renewables and electricity across the region.\n\nNatural gas <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> in Germany and the Netherlands at 79% and 85% respectively — <strong>substantially higher than</strong> in other nations. In Sweden, <strong>by contrast,</strong> district heating and heat pumps <strong>made up the majority,</strong> with gas <strong>accounting for</strong> only 5% — reflecting the country’s strong commitment to renewable energy.\n\nFrance relied heavily on electricity for heating at 35%, <strong>the highest among the five countries,</strong> alongside gas at 41%. Norway’s profile was distinctive, with wood biomass <strong>representing a considerable</strong> 22% — <strong>more than double</strong> any other country — alongside significant use of heat pumps. <strong>Overall,</strong> northern nations showed <strong>markedly greater diversification</strong> in heating sources than their central European counterparts.", "Bar chart", "Energy"], ["The bar chart shows the proportion of water used by agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes in six countries in 2015.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> water consumption by sector across six countries in 2015.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> agriculture <strong>dominated water use</strong> in most nations, particularly developing countries, while industrial use was <strong>more prominent</strong> in wealthier economies.\n\nIn India and Egypt, agriculture <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 90% and 86% of total water use respectively — <strong>by far the highest proportions.</strong> Domestic use in both countries <strong>represented</strong> only 5–7%, with industry making up the remainder. <strong>By contrast,</strong> Germany showed a <strong>markedly different pattern,</strong> with industry <strong>accounting for</strong> 68% — <strong>the highest industrial figure</strong> in the dataset — and agriculture at just 20%.\n\nThe USA and Australia fell between these extremes: agricultural use <strong>stood at</strong> around 40% and 65% respectively, while domestic consumption was <strong>relatively consistent</strong> across both at 13% and 20%. Canada’s distribution was <strong>broadly similar to</strong> Germany’s, with industry at 60%. <strong>Overall,</strong> a country’s development level appears to be <strong>strongly correlated</strong> with its industrial water share.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The bar chart shows the number of international visitors (in millions) to six world heritage sites in 2018.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> visitor numbers at six UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2018.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the Great Wall of China <strong>attracted by far the most visitors,</strong> while Stonehenge <strong>received considerably fewer</strong> than the other five sites.\n\nThe Great Wall <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at approximately 10 million visitors — <strong>more than double</strong> the Eiffel Tower in second place at 7 million. Machu Picchu and the Colosseum <strong>attracted broadly similar</strong> numbers at 1.6 and 7.4 million respectively, with the Colosseum ranking third overall.\n\nAngkor Wat <strong>attracted</strong> 2.6 million visitors — a <strong>considerable figure</strong> given its remote location — while Stonehenge <strong>recorded the lowest count</strong> of just 1.6 million. <strong>Notably,</strong> European sites collectively <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 60% of total visitors across the six locations, reflecting both the region’s established tourism infrastructure and the global appeal of iconic Western landmarks. The <strong>substantial gap</strong> between the top and bottom sites underscores the uneven distribution of global heritage tourism.", "Bar chart", "Tourism"], ["The bar chart shows male and female participation rates (%) in five sports — swimming, cycling, football, tennis, and running — in a country in 2021.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> participation rates for men and women across five sports in 2021.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> gender differences varied <strong>considerably</strong> by sport, with football <strong>showing the largest gap</strong> in favour of men and swimming <strong>the most evenly matched.</strong>\n\nFootball <strong>showed the most significant gender disparity:</strong> 38% of men participated compared with only 9% of women — <strong>a difference of nearly 30 percentage points.</strong> Cycling also <strong>favoured men considerably,</strong> at 29% versus 18% for women. Running was more balanced, with rates of 35% and 31% for men and women respectively.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> swimming was <strong>the most popular sport among women</strong> at 40% — <strong>the highest female figure across all five sports</strong> — and also <strong>very popular among men</strong> at 38%, making it <strong>the most evenly distributed activity.</strong> Tennis <strong>showed a slight female advantage</strong> at 22% versus 19% for men. <strong>Overall,</strong> women’s participation was <strong>broadly lower</strong> in traditionally male-dominated sports, but <strong>comparable to or exceeding</strong> men’s in individual activities.", "Bar chart", "Sports & Health"], ["The bar chart shows the average monthly income (in USD) of workers in six sectors — healthcare, education, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, and IT — in a country in 2022.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> average monthly salaries across six employment sectors in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> IT workers <strong>earned by far the highest wages,</strong> while agricultural workers <strong>received the lowest remuneration</strong> — <strong>less than a fifth</strong> of the IT sector’s average.\n\nIT professionals <strong>recorded the highest average salary</strong> at $6,200 per month, followed by finance workers at $4,800. Healthcare salaries <strong>stood at</strong> a respectable $3,900, while education workers earned <strong>considerably less</strong> at $2,400 — despite requiring comparable levels of qualification.\n\nManufacturing wages <strong>were moderate</strong> at $2,100, while agriculture <strong>recorded by far the lowest figure</strong> at just $980 per month — <strong>roughly one-sixth</strong> of the IT average. <strong>Notably,</strong> the gap between the top two sectors (IT and finance) and the bottom two (manufacturing and agriculture) was <strong>substantial,</strong> suggesting <strong>significant wage inequality</strong> across the economy. The education–healthcare disparity of $1,500 is also noteworthy given the comparable social importance of both professions.", "Bar chart", "Economy"], ["The bar chart shows the percentage of students achieving top grades in five subjects — Mathematics, English, Science, History, and Art — in a national exam in 2020.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> top-grade achievement rates across five school subjects in a 2020 national examination.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Art <strong>had the highest proportion</strong> of top-grade students, while Mathematics <strong>recorded the lowest,</strong> suggesting <strong>considerable variation</strong> in difficulty or grade distribution across subjects.\n\nArt <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> with 42% of students achieving top grades, followed by English at 35%. History <strong>came third</strong> at 28%, while Science <strong>stood at</strong> a <strong>modest</strong> 22%. Mathematics <strong>showed the lowest proportion</strong> at just 18% — <strong>less than half</strong> the Art figure.\n\n<strong>Notably,</strong> the gap between the highest-achieving subject (Art, 42%) and the lowest (Mathematics, 18%) was <strong>24 percentage points</strong> — a <strong>considerable difference</strong> that may reflect both the subjective grading of creative subjects and the greater difficulty of achieving excellence in quantitative disciplines. The relatively <strong>strong performance</strong> in English (35%) compared to other core subjects suggests greater student proficiency or familiarity with the assessment format.", "Bar chart", "Education"], ["The bar chart shows the amount of household waste (in kg per person per year) recycled and sent to landfill in five countries in 2019.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> per-capita household waste recycling and landfill rates across five countries in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Germany <strong>recycled the highest proportion</strong> of its waste, while Turkey <strong>sent the greatest amount to landfill.</strong> All countries showed <strong>marked differences</strong> in their waste management approaches.\n\nGermany <strong>recorded the highest recycling figure</strong> at 220 kg per person, with a <strong>comparatively low</strong> landfill rate of 50 kg. Sweden and the Netherlands <strong>followed similar patterns,</strong> recycling around 160 and 140 kg respectively while <strong>keeping landfill below</strong> 80 kg each.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the UK showed a more balanced split — 120 kg recycled versus 100 kg landfilled — suggesting a recycling infrastructure that is improving but still <strong>lags considerably behind</strong> northern European leaders. Turkey <strong>stood at</strong> the opposite end of the spectrum, with only 35 kg recycled and <strong>by far the highest landfill figure</strong> at 280 kg per person — <strong>more than five times</strong> Germany’s landfill rate, highlighting the <strong>significant challenges</strong> remaining in waste management.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of energy consumed by different sectors in the UK in 1990 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> energy consumption patterns across sectors in the UK between 1990 and 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> transport and residential sectors <strong>grew their share considerably,</strong> while industrial consumption <strong>declined markedly</strong> over the thirty-year period.\n\nIn 1990, industry <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 38%, followed by transport at 26% and residential use at 22%. Services and other uses made up the remaining 14%.\n\nBy 2020, the picture had <strong>changed substantially.</strong> Industry’s share had <strong>fallen dramatically</strong> to just 20% — <strong>a decrease of 18 percentage points</strong> — reflecting the shift towards a service-based economy. Transport, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>rose considerably</strong> to 35%, becoming the <strong>dominant consumer</strong> of energy. Residential use <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 28%, while the services sector <strong>grew from</strong> 14% to 17%. <strong>Overall,</strong> these shifts suggest a fundamental restructuring of energy demand, with personal mobility and home consumption replacing industrial production as the primary drivers.", "Pie chart", "Energy"], ["The pie charts show how a typical household in the UK spent its monthly income in 1980 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how British household spending patterns changed over a forty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> housing costs <strong>grew substantially as a proportion of household budgets,</strong> while food expenditure <strong>declined considerably,</strong> reflecting broader economic and social changes.\n\nIn 1980, food and groceries <strong>represented the largest single category</strong> at 28%, followed by housing at 20% and transport at 15%. Entertainment <strong>accounted for</strong> a relatively modest 8%, with health, clothing, and savings making up the remainder.\n\nBy 2020, housing had <strong>grown dramatically</strong> to 35% — <strong>the largest category</strong> and <strong>nearly double</strong> its 1980 share — driven by rising rents and property prices. Food’s proportion <strong>declined sharply</strong> to just 14%, <strong>less than half</strong> of its 1980 level, likely reflecting both cheaper food production and more eating out. Entertainment spending <strong>more than doubled</strong> to 18%, while transport <strong>remained broadly stable</strong> at 14%. Health expenditure <strong>increased modestly</strong> from 5% to 9%, reflecting an ageing population.", "Pie chart", "Economy & Lifestyle"], ["The pie charts show the main causes of deforestation globally in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> the primary drivers of global deforestation in two years two decades apart.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> cattle ranching <strong>remained the dominant cause</strong> throughout, while soy and palm oil cultivation <strong>grew considerably</strong> in relative importance by 2020.\n\nIn 2000, cattle ranching <strong>accounted for by far the largest proportion</strong> at 41%, followed by small-scale agriculture at 27%. Logging and infrastructure each <strong>represented</strong> around 13% and 10% respectively, with other causes making up the remaining 9%.\n\nBy 2020, cattle ranching’s share had <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 36% but <strong>remained the leading cause.</strong> <strong>The most notable change</strong> was the <strong>dramatic rise</strong> of commercial soy and palm oil cultivation, which <strong>increased from</strong> a combined 9% to 26% — reflecting surging global demand for these commodities. Small-scale agriculture <strong>fell from</strong> 27% to 18%, while logging’s proportion <strong>remained relatively stable.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a shift towards large-scale, commercially driven deforestation.", "Pie chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the distribution of employment types (full-time, part-time, self-employed, and unemployed) among adults in a country in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how employment patterns among working-age adults changed over two decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> full-time employment <strong>declined as a proportion,</strong> while self-employment and part-time work <strong>grew considerably,</strong> suggesting a structural shift towards more flexible labour arrangements.\n\nIn 2000, full-time employment <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 58%, followed by part-time at 20%, self-employment at 14%, and unemployment at 8%. By 2020, full-time employment’s share had <strong>fallen noticeably</strong> to 48% — <strong>a decrease of ten percentage points.</strong>\n\nSelf-employment <strong>grew substantially</strong> from 14% to 23%, reflecting the rise of freelance and gig-economy work. Part-time employment also <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 24%. <strong>Notably,</strong> the unemployment rate <strong>fell from</strong> 8% to just 5% over the period, indicating an overall improvement in labour market conditions despite the shift away from traditional full-time roles. <strong>In summary,</strong> the workforce of 2020 was <strong>markedly more varied</strong> in employment type than in 2000.", "Pie chart", "Economy"], ["The pie charts show how students at a university spent their time in a typical week in 1995 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> how university students allocated their weekly time between 1995 and 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> time spent on studying and academic activities <strong>declined considerably,</strong> while social activities and part-time work <strong>increased substantially</strong> over the twenty-five-year period.\n\nIn 1995, academic study <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> of student time at 45%, with social activities at 25%, sleep and personal care at 20%, and part-time work at just 10%. By 2020, the pattern had <strong>changed markedly.</strong>\n\nStudy time <strong>fell significantly</strong> to 34% — <strong>a drop of eleven percentage points</strong> — possibly reflecting greater reliance on digital resources and flexible learning. Part-time work <strong>more than doubled</strong> from 10% to 22%, likely due to rising living costs and tuition fees. Social activities <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 28%, while sleep and personal care <strong>remained broadly stable</strong> at 16%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the shift suggests modern students lead <strong>considerably busier</strong> and more financially pressured lives than their 1995 counterparts.", "Pie chart", "Education"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of plastic waste generated by different industries globally in 2000 and 2019.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> the contribution of various industries to global plastic waste in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> packaging <strong>remained by far the largest source</strong> of plastic waste throughout the period, while the construction and automotive sectors <strong>showed only marginal changes.</strong>\n\nIn 2000, packaging <strong>accounted for</strong> 36% of all plastic waste — <strong>more than double</strong> the next category, textiles at 16%. Consumer goods <strong>represented</strong> 14%, with electronics, construction, automotive, and other uses making up the remaining 34%.\n\nBy 2019, packaging’s share had <strong>risen substantially</strong> to 47%, driven by the explosive growth in e-commerce and single-use plastics. Textiles <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 19%, while consumer goods <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 11%. Construction and automotive shares each <strong>fell marginally.</strong> <strong>Notably,</strong> the combined share of the top two categories — packaging and textiles — <strong>grew from</strong> 52% to 66%, suggesting that waste reduction efforts should be <strong>strongly focused</strong> on these sectors.", "Pie chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of government expenditure allocated to different sectors in a country in 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how a government’s budget was distributed across key sectors in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> healthcare and welfare spending <strong>increased considerably,</strong> while defence and infrastructure <strong>received smaller proportions</strong> of total expenditure in 2020 compared to 2005.\n\nIn 2005, education <strong>accounted for</strong> the largest single allocation at 28%, with healthcare at 22% and defence at 18%. Infrastructure and welfare each <strong>represented</strong> around 14% and 10% respectively, with administration taking the remaining 8%.\n\nBy 2020, healthcare had <strong>grown dramatically</strong> to 31% — <strong>surpassing</strong> education (now at 25%) to become the largest category, reflecting an ageing population and rising medical costs. Welfare spending <strong>rose from</strong> 10% to 17%, while defence <strong>declined sharply</strong> from 18% to 10%. Infrastructure’s allocation <strong>fell modestly</strong> to 11%. <strong>In summary,</strong> the 2020 budget reflects a <strong>clear shift</strong> towards social expenditure and away from defence and capital investment.", "Pie chart", "Government & Policy"], ["The pie charts show the age distribution of the population in two countries — Country A (a developing nation) and Country B (a developed nation) in 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> population age structures in a developing and a developed country in 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Country A had a <strong>considerably younger population,</strong> with children and young adults <strong>dominating,</strong> while Country B showed a <strong>markedly older demographic profile.</strong>\n\nIn Country A, the 0–14 age group <strong>accounted for</strong> 42% of the population — <strong>the largest single segment</strong> — while those aged 15–34 <strong>represented</strong> a further 30%. The 35–64 group <strong>made up</strong> 22%, and those aged 65 and over <strong>accounted for only</strong> 6% — a <strong>notably low</strong> proportion.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Country B’s age distribution was <strong>almost the inverse.</strong> The over-65 group <strong>represented</strong> 22% — <strong>nearly four times</strong> Country A’s figure — while children aged 0–14 <strong>made up only</strong> 15%. The working-age groups (15–34 and 35–64) each <strong>accounted for</strong> around 28% and 35% respectively. These differences <strong>highlight the contrasting demographic challenges</strong> facing developing and developed nations.", "Pie chart", "Demographics"], ["The table below shows data on international tourism for five countries in 2019, including visitor numbers, tourism revenue, and average length of stay.", "<strong>The table gives information about</strong> key tourism indicators for five countries in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> France attracted the most visitors but <strong>did not generate</strong> the highest revenue, while the USA <strong>led in</strong> tourism earnings. Average length of stay <strong>varied considerably</strong> across destinations.\n\nFrance <strong>recorded the highest number</strong> of international arrivals at 89 million, followed by Spain at 83 million. However, in terms of revenue, the USA <strong>ranked first</strong> with $214 billion — <strong>substantially higher than</strong> France’s $63 billion — suggesting that American tourists spend <strong>considerably more</strong> per visit. Spain <strong>earned</strong> $80 billion despite receiving slightly fewer visitors than France.\n\nAverage length of stay showed interesting variation. Greece <strong>recorded the longest average stay</strong> at 9.2 nights, while the USA had <strong>the shortest</strong> at 5.1 nights, possibly reflecting the prevalence of short city breaks. Australia’s figures were <strong>notable:</strong> despite receiving only 9 million visitors — <strong>the fewest of the five countries</strong> — it <strong>earned</strong> $45 billion, indicating <strong>particularly high</strong> average spending per tourist.", "Table", "Tourism"], ["The table shows the results of a survey about the reading habits of adults in three age groups in 2021, including frequency, preferred format, and average time spent per day.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> adult reading habits across three age groups based on a 2021 survey.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> older adults read <strong>more frequently and for longer periods,</strong> while younger adults showed a <strong>marked preference</strong> for digital formats.\n\nAmong 18–35 year-olds, only 28% reported reading daily — <strong>the lowest rate across all groups</strong> — with an average of just 18 minutes per day. This group <strong>showed a strong preference</strong> for e-books and online articles at 74%. <strong>By contrast,</strong> the 36–55 group had a daily reading rate of 44% and <strong>averaged</strong> 31 minutes, with a more balanced format preference (52% digital, 48% print).\n\nThe 56+ age group <strong>recorded the highest frequency</strong> with 67% reading daily and an average of 48 minutes — <strong>more than double</strong> the youngest group. Print formats were <strong>strongly preferred</strong> by this cohort at 79%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a <strong>clear generational divide</strong> both in reading engagement and format preference, with digital reading <strong>declining significantly</strong> with age.", "Table", "Education & Lifestyle"], ["The table shows the electricity consumption (in kWh per year) of six common household appliances in three different countries.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> annual electricity consumption of six appliances in three countries.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> refrigerators and air conditioners <strong>were the most energy-intensive appliances,</strong> with <strong>notable variation</strong> across countries in some categories but <strong>relative consistency</strong> in others.\n\nRefrigerators <strong>consumed</strong> between 400 and 500 kWh annually across all three countries — a <strong>relatively narrow range</strong> — suggesting standardised energy efficiency regulations. Air conditioning, however, showed <strong>more significant variation:</strong> consumption in the warmer country <strong>was substantially higher</strong> at 1,200 kWh, compared to 350 kWh in the coolest nation.\n\nWashing machines and dishwashers <strong>recorded broadly similar</strong> figures across countries, ranging from 200 to 280 kWh and 220 to 300 kWh respectively. Televisions and computers <strong>represented</strong> lower consumption overall, with figures <strong>hovering around</strong> 100–180 kWh. <strong>Notably,</strong> total household appliance consumption in the warmest country was <strong>approximately 40% higher</strong> than in the coolest, largely due to the <strong>considerable difference</strong> in air conditioning usage.", "Table", "Energy"], ["The table shows the percentage of adults in five countries who reported being ‘very satisfied’, ‘satisfied’, ‘dissatisfied’, or ‘very dissatisfied’ with public transport in their city in 2022.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> public transport satisfaction levels across five countries in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Japan <strong>recorded the highest satisfaction rates</strong> by a considerable margin, while Brazil <strong>showed the greatest dissatisfaction.</strong> The remaining three countries fell between these extremes.\n\nIn Japan, 52% of respondents reported being ‘very satisfied’ and a further 38% ‘satisfied’ — giving a combined positive rating of 90%, <strong>the highest across all five countries.</strong> Germany also performed well, with 35% ‘very satisfied’ and 48% ‘satisfied’ (83% combined).\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Brazil <strong>recorded the lowest satisfaction:</strong> only 8% were ‘very satisfied’, while 41% reported dissatisfaction and 22% were ‘very dissatisfied’ — a combined negative rating of 63%. The UK and the USA <strong>fell in the middle,</strong> with combined satisfaction rates of 58% and 54% respectively. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a <strong>strong correlation</strong> between investment in public infrastructure and passenger satisfaction levels.", "Table", "Transport & Society"], ["The table shows agricultural production (in million tonnes) of wheat, rice, and maize in three regions — Asia, Europe, and the Americas — in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> production volumes of three cereal crops across three world regions in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Asia <strong>dominated production of all three crops</strong> in both years, and global output <strong>increased substantially</strong> over the two-decade period, particularly for maize.\n\nIn 2000, Asia produced 260 million tonnes of rice — <strong>far exceeding</strong> the Americas (18Mt) and Europe (3Mt). By 2020, Asian rice production had <strong>risen moderately</strong> to 295Mt. Wheat production <strong>showed a different pattern:</strong> Europe and the Americas were <strong>more significant producers,</strong> generating 180 and 120 million tonnes respectively in 2020.\n\nMaize production <strong>grew most dramatically</strong> across all regions. The Americas <strong>saw the largest increase,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> 280 to 470 million tonnes — <strong>nearly double</strong> the 2000 figure — driven largely by US ethanol production. Asia’s maize output <strong>grew considerably</strong> from 190 to 310Mt. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data show both continued Asian dominance in rice and a <strong>remarkable expansion</strong> of American maize production.", "Table", "Agriculture"], ["The table shows data on five cities’ populations, annual average commute time, public green space, and air quality index in 2022.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> four urban quality-of-life indicators across five cities in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> no single city <strong>excelled across all categories,</strong> though Vienna and Tokyo consistently <strong>performed well,</strong> while Mexico City <strong>recorded the weakest figures</strong> in most areas.\n\nVienna, with a population of 1.9 million, <strong>recorded the best air quality</strong> (AQI 18 — ‘very good’) and <strong>the highest</strong> green space per capita at 82 m². Commute times were also <strong>relatively short</strong> at 27 minutes. Tokyo, despite its much larger population of 13.9 million, <strong>maintained</strong> a competitive commute time of 35 minutes and <strong>good air quality</strong> (AQI 42).\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Mexico City <strong>recorded the longest average commute</strong> at 58 minutes — <strong>more than double</strong> Vienna’s — and <strong>the worst air quality</strong> (AQI 112). Green space <strong>stood at just</strong> 14 m² per person. London and New York <strong>fell between</strong> the extremes, with commute times of 44 and 40 minutes and moderate air quality scores.", "Table", "Urban Life"], ["The table shows the percentage of people in four countries who used online banking, e-commerce, and social media in 2010 and 2020.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> digital service adoption across three platforms and four countries over a decade.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> usage of all three services <strong>grew substantially</strong> in every country, with social media showing <strong>the most dramatic increases</strong> in developing nations.\n\nIn 2010, online banking adoption <strong>was highest in</strong> Sweden at 72%, while India <strong>recorded the lowest figure</strong> at just 8%. By 2020, Sweden had <strong>reached</strong> 92%, and India’s figure had <strong>grown remarkably</strong> to 38% — driven by government digitalisation initiatives. The USA and Brazil <strong>showed moderate growth,</strong> rising from 52% and 19% to 79% and 51% respectively.\n\nSocial media adoption <strong>grew most rapidly</strong> across all four countries. India’s usage <strong>soared from</strong> 4% to 61% — <strong>more than fifteenfold</strong> — while Brazil <strong>reached</strong> 79% by 2020. E-commerce growth was <strong>substantial but slightly less dramatic,</strong> with Sweden leading at 88%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the decade saw a <strong>remarkable convergence</strong> in digital behaviour between developed and developing nations.", "Table", "Technology"], ["The diagram below shows the process of recycling paper.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the stages involved in recycling paper from collection to final product.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves six distinct stages and <strong>requires both mechanical and chemical treatment</strong> before the recycled paper can be produced.\n\nThe process <strong>begins with</strong> the collection of waste paper from homes and businesses, which is then <strong>transported</strong> to a recycling facility. At this stage, paper is <strong>sorted by type</strong> — newsprint, cardboard, and office paper are separated — before being <strong>shredded</strong> into small pieces.\n\nThe shredded material is then <strong>mixed with water and chemicals</strong> in a large tank to create a pulp. This pulp <strong>undergoes</strong> a cleaning process in which contaminants such as staples, ink, and adhesives <strong>are removed,</strong> first by filtering and then through a <strong>flotation stage</strong> where air bubbles <strong>lift</strong> remaining ink particles to the surface. The cleaned pulp is then <strong>spread onto</strong> a flat mesh conveyor, where water <strong>drains away</strong> and the fibres bond together. <strong>Finally,</strong> the sheet <strong>is dried, rolled, and cut</strong> into the finished recycled paper product, ready for reuse.", "Process diagram", "Environment"], ["The diagram shows how electricity is generated from wind power.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the process by which wind energy is converted into electrical power for homes and businesses.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> wind power generation is a relatively straightforward multi-stage process that converts kinetic energy into usable electricity with <strong>no direct emissions.</strong>\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> when wind strikes the turbine’s rotor blades, which are designed in an aerofoil shape to <strong>maximise</strong> lift. The blades <strong>rotate</strong> and <strong>drive</strong> a central shaft connected to a gearbox, which <strong>increases</strong> the rotational speed from approximately 18 rpm to 1,500 rpm. This <strong>high-speed rotation</strong> then powers a generator, which <strong>converts</strong> the mechanical energy into alternating current (AC) electricity.\n\nThe electricity produced <strong>passes through</strong> a transformer, which <strong>steps up</strong> the voltage for efficient long-distance transmission. The power <strong>then travels</strong> via underground cables or overhead lines to a substation, where the voltage is <strong>reduced</strong> for safe distribution. <strong>Finally,</strong> the electricity <strong>reaches</strong> homes, offices, and factories through the national grid. <strong>Notably,</strong> the entire process <strong>produces no greenhouse gases</strong> during operation.", "Process diagram", "Energy"], ["The diagram shows the stages in the manufacture of chocolate from cacao beans.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the production process of chocolate, from the harvesting of cacao pods to the final packaged product.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves several complex stages including fermentation and roasting, which are <strong>essential to developing</strong> the distinctive flavour of chocolate.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> on cacao farms, where ripe pods are harvested by hand and split open to extract the beans. The beans and surrounding pulp <strong>then undergo fermentation</strong> for five to seven days, a critical stage that <strong>develops</strong> flavour precursors. <strong>Following fermentation,</strong> the beans <strong>are dried</strong> in the sun and <strong>transported</strong> to a processing facility.\n\nAt the factory, the beans <strong>are first cleaned</strong> and then <strong>roasted</strong> at temperatures between 120°C and 150°C to enhance the flavour. The outer shells <strong>are removed</strong> by winnowing, leaving cacao nibs which <strong>are ground</strong> into a thick paste called chocolate liquor. Cocoa butter and sugar <strong>are added</strong> at this stage. The mixture <strong>undergoes conching,</strong> a lengthy process of continuous mixing that smooths the texture. <strong>Finally,</strong> the chocolate <strong>is tempered, moulded, and cooled</strong> before packaging.", "Process diagram", "Food & Agriculture"], ["The diagram shows the process used to desalinate seawater to produce fresh drinking water.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the multi-stage process of converting seawater into drinkable freshwater using reverse osmosis desalination.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves several filtration and pressurisation steps before the water is safe for consumption, and <strong>also produces</strong> a concentrated brine by-product.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> when seawater is drawn from the ocean through large intake pipes. It first <strong>passes through</strong> a pre-filter that <strong>removes</strong> large debris and sediment. The water then <strong>undergoes</strong> chemical pre-treatment to prevent biological growth within the system.\n\nThe pre-treated water <strong>is then pressurised</strong> to approximately 70 bar and <strong>forced through</strong> semi-permeable reverse osmosis membranes. These membranes <strong>allow water molecules to pass through</strong> while <strong>blocking</strong> dissolved salts and impurities. The freshwater that <strong>emerges</strong> on the other side <strong>undergoes</strong> post-treatment, including mineralisation and pH adjustment, before being <strong>stored in reservoirs.</strong> <strong>Simultaneously,</strong> the concentrated brine solution that <strong>could not pass</strong> through the membranes is <strong>discharged</strong> back into the sea, though this requires careful management to minimise environmental impact.", "Process diagram", "Technology & Environment"], ["The diagram shows how bricks are made for the building industry.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the stages involved in producing clay bricks used in construction.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> brick manufacture is a linear seven-stage process that transforms raw clay into a durable building material through a combination of mechanical processing and high-temperature firing.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> with the excavation of clay from open-pit mines using heavy machinery. The raw clay <strong>is then transported</strong> to a processing plant where it is filtered and mixed with sand and water to achieve the correct consistency. This mixture <strong>is placed</strong> into a mould or <strong>cut by wire</strong> to produce uniform brick shapes.\n\n<strong>Following shaping,</strong> the bricks <strong>are left to dry</strong> in a drying oven for one to two days, which <strong>removes</strong> excess moisture and <strong>prevents</strong> cracking during firing. The dried bricks <strong>then enter</strong> a kiln where they <strong>are fired</strong> at temperatures between 870°C and 1,300°C for two to three days — a process that <strong>permanently hardens</strong> the clay. <strong>After cooling,</strong> the finished bricks <strong>are inspected for quality,</strong> packaged, and <strong>delivered</strong> to construction sites.", "Process diagram", "Construction"], ["The maps below show the layout of a town centre in 1990 and the present day.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a town centre in 1990 with its current configuration, revealing significant development over the past three decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the town centre has <strong>undergone considerable transformation,</strong> with retail and recreational facilities expanding at the expense of older industrial and parking areas.\n\nIn 1990, the northern section of the centre was <strong>dominated by</strong> a large factory and an adjacent car park. These have both <strong>been demolished</strong> and <strong>replaced by</strong> a modern shopping centre and a multi-storey car park — a <strong>significant increase</strong> in commercial space. The open market in the central square <strong>remains unchanged,</strong> though it has been <strong>surrounded by</strong> new pedestrian walkways.\n\n<strong>In the southern area,</strong> a row of small shops from 1990 has <strong>been converted into</strong> a restaurant and café district, reflecting the growing importance of leisure in town centre planning. A derelict warehouse <strong>has been redeveloped</strong> into residential apartments. The main road running east to west <strong>remains in the same position</strong> but has been <strong>extended and upgraded.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the town has shifted from industrial to commercial and residential use.", "Map", "Urban Development"], ["The maps show a small island before and after it was developed for tourism.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> an island’s landscape before and after tourist development, showing extensive infrastructure changes.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the island has been <strong>transformed considerably,</strong> with the natural environment largely replaced by tourist facilities, though some original features <strong>have been preserved.</strong>\n\nBefore development, the island consisted primarily of dense forest covering the interior and northern coast, a beach along the southern shore, and a small group of houses in the south-west corner. The island was accessible only by boat.\n\n<strong>Following development,</strong> the landscape changed dramatically. The beach <strong>now hosts</strong> a resort hotel and water sports facilities, while the area around the original houses has <strong>been expanded</strong> into a small village with a reception centre and restaurants. A road <strong>has been built</strong> across the island’s centre, connecting the pier — <strong>which has been constructed</strong> on the eastern coast — to the resort.\n\nMuch of the original forest <strong>has been cleared,</strong> though a nature reserve <strong>has been established</strong> in the north-west to protect what remains. <strong>Overall,</strong> the development has <strong>significantly altered</strong> the island’s character, prioritising visitor infrastructure over natural conservation.", "Map", "Tourism & Environment"], ["The maps show a university campus in 2005 and 2025, with plans for the future included.", "<strong>The maps illustrate</strong> changes to a university campus over twenty years and planned future development.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the campus has <strong>expanded considerably,</strong> with academic and residential facilities growing substantially, while sports and open spaces have been <strong>partially reduced.</strong>\n\nIn 2005, the campus consisted of a central library, three academic buildings, a sports field to the east, and student dormitories in the south. The northern section was open green space.\n\nBy 2025, <strong>notable changes</strong> had occurred. Two additional academic buildings <strong>had been constructed</strong> on the eastern side, while the sports field <strong>had been reduced in size</strong> to accommodate a new science laboratory. A student union building <strong>had been added</strong> to the central area. The dormitories <strong>had expanded southward,</strong> and a new cafeteria <strong>was built</strong> adjacent to them.\n\nPlanned changes include the conversion of the remaining northern green space into a technology hub and the <strong>addition of</strong> a multi-storey car park on the western perimeter. The library <strong>is planned to be extended.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the campus reflects a clear prioritisation of academic and residential expansion over recreational space.", "Map", "Education"], ["The maps show a coastal town in 1980 and 2020, showing changes to the town’s development.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a coastal town in 1980 and 2020, highlighting substantial urban development over four decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the town has <strong>grown significantly</strong> in size and has shifted towards tourism and residential use, while traditional fishing and industrial activities have <strong>declined considerably.</strong>\n\nIn 1980, the town was compact, centred around a fishing harbour in the north and a small residential area to the south. A fish processing factory <strong>occupied</strong> the eastern waterfront, and a narrow beach ran along the western coast with no associated facilities.\n\nBy 2020, the town had <strong>expanded substantially</strong> in all directions. The fishing harbour <strong>remains</strong> but has been <strong>significantly reduced in size,</strong> with the fish processing factory <strong>demolished and replaced by</strong> a marina and waterfront restaurants. The western beach <strong>now features</strong> a promenade, a hotel, and a car park — reflecting the town’s transformation into a tourist destination.\n\nResidential development has <strong>extended</strong> to the south and east, and a new bypass road <strong>has been constructed</strong> around the town’s perimeter to manage increased traffic. <strong>Overall,</strong> the town’s identity has shifted fundamentally from industrial to leisure-oriented.", "Map", "Urban Development"], ["The maps below show a local park in a city in 2000 and 2024, along with a proposed plan for 2030.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a city park at two past dates and show a proposed redesign for 2030.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the park has evolved from a largely natural open space to a more structured recreational area, with the 2030 plan proposing further expansion of community facilities.\n\nIn 2000, the park consisted mainly of open grass, a small pond in the centre, a children’s playground in the south-west, and a single footpath running east to west. There were no built facilities other than a small gatehouse at the main entrance.\n\nBy 2024, <strong>several changes had occurred.</strong> A café and public toilets <strong>had been built</strong> near the main entrance, and a circular walking path <strong>had replaced</strong> the single footpath. The playground <strong>had been expanded,</strong> and a community garden <strong>had been established</strong> in the northern corner. The pond <strong>remained unchanged.</strong>\n\nThe 2030 plan proposes further developments: an outdoor gym and bandstand <strong>are to be added</strong> in the eastern section, while the café <strong>is planned for expansion.</strong> An additional entrance <strong>would be created</strong> on the northern boundary. <strong>Overall,</strong> each iteration reflects growing community demand for accessible, multi-purpose green spaces.", "Map", "Urban Development"]]

[["The line graph shows the percentage of households with Internet access in the UK, Germany, and France between 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates the proportion of households</strong> with Internet access in three European countries over a twenty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> all three countries <strong>experienced a clear upward trend</strong> throughout the period, with the UK <strong>consistently recording the highest figures.</strong> By 2020, Internet penetration had <strong>reached near-universal levels</strong> across all three nations.\n\nIn 2000, the UK led with approximately 26% of households connected, while Germany and France <strong>stood at</strong> around 18% and 14% respectively. The UK’s figures <strong>rose sharply</strong> over the first decade, <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 77% by 2010—<strong>more than doubling</strong> its 2000 figure. Germany <strong>followed a broadly similar</strong> but slightly slower trajectory, <strong>climbing steadily</strong> to 68%.\n\nBetween 2010 and 2020, growth <strong>slowed moderately,</strong> eventually <strong>levelling off</strong> at 95%, 91%, and 88% for the UK, Germany, and France respectively. <strong>Notably,</strong> France <strong>narrowed the gap considerably,</strong> rising <strong>dramatically</strong> from 57% to 88% and almost matching Germany by 2020.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph below shows CO₂ emissions (in metric tonnes per capita) in four countries — the USA, Japan, China, and India — from 1990 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> per-capita CO₂ emissions in four major economies over a thirty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the USA <strong>remained the highest emitter throughout,</strong> while India and China <strong>showed contrasting trends</strong> — the latter <strong>rising dramatically</strong> as the former <strong>grew steadily</strong> from a low base.\n\nIn 1990, the USA <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at around 20 tonnes per capita, with Japan at 9 tonnes. China and India <strong>stood at</strong> comparatively low levels of 2 and 0.8 tonnes respectively. By 2005, the USA’s emissions had <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 19 tonnes, while China’s <strong>climbed rapidly</strong> to 5 tonnes, <strong>more than doubling</strong> its 1990 figure.\n\nOver the final decade, the USA’s figure <strong>fell considerably</strong> to 15 tonnes as cleaner energy expanded, whereas China’s <strong>reached a peak of</strong> 8 tonnes before <strong>levelling off.</strong> India’s emissions <strong>grew gradually</strong> throughout, <strong>standing at</strong> 2 tonnes in 2020—still <strong>well below</strong> the other three nations.", "Line graph", "Environment"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of men and women enrolled in higher education in a particular country between 1970 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates changes in</strong> university enrolment rates among men and women over a fifty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> female enrolment <strong>rose dramatically</strong> throughout the period and eventually <strong>overtook</strong> male participation, which <strong>grew at a more gradual pace.</strong>\n\nIn 1970, male enrolment <strong>stood at</strong> approximately 30%, <strong>considerably higher than</strong> female enrolment at just 15%. Both figures <strong>increased steadily</strong> over the following two decades; however, women’s participation <strong>grew at a markedly faster rate,</strong> <strong>climbing sharply</strong> from 15% to 35% between 1980 and 2000.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> male enrolment <strong>rose modestly</strong> over the same period, reaching only 40%. In 2005, female enrolment <strong>overtook</strong> male for the first time, and this gap <strong>widened considerably</strong> over the following fifteen years. By 2020, women’s participation had <strong>reached a high of</strong> 65%, compared with just 45% for men—<strong>a difference of roughly 20 percentage points.</strong>", "Line graph", "Education"], ["The line graph shows average monthly electricity consumption (in kWh) in residential and commercial buildings in a particular city from 2000 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> electricity usage in residential and commercial sectors of a city over a twenty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both sectors <strong>showed an upward trend,</strong> with commercial consumption <strong>rising more steeply</strong> and eventually surpassing residential usage.\n\nIn 2000, residential buildings <strong>accounted for</strong> the greater share, consuming approximately 850 kWh per month, while commercial premises <strong>stood at</strong> 600 kWh. Both figures <strong>increased steadily</strong> until 2008, at which point commercial consumption <strong>rose sharply,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 1,200 kWh by 2012.\n\nResidential usage, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew at a more moderate pace,</strong> <strong>levelling off</strong> at around 950 kWh between 2010 and 2015 before <strong>declining slightly</strong> to 920 kWh by 2020—likely reflecting improved home insulation. Commercial consumption also <strong>fell marginally</strong> after 2015, settling at 1,100 kWh, yet <strong>remained significantly higher than</strong> residential figures throughout the latter part of the period.", "Line graph", "Energy"], ["The line graph shows the unemployment rates (%) in three countries — Australia, Spain, and South Korea — between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> unemployment rates across three countries over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Spain <strong>experienced the most dramatic fluctuations,</strong> while South Korea <strong>maintained consistently low levels.</strong> Australia’s figures <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> throughout.\n\nIn 2005, all three countries <strong>recorded</strong> similar rates of between 4% and 10%, with Spain highest at around 10% and South Korea lowest at 4%. Between 2008 and 2013, Spain’s unemployment <strong>soared dramatically,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 27% — <strong>the highest point</strong> in the dataset — before <strong>falling steeply</strong> to 14% by 2020. Australia’s rate <strong>fluctuated moderately</strong> between 4% and 7% throughout, <strong>peaking</strong> briefly at 7% in 2010 and 2020.\n\nSouth Korea’s figure <strong>remained remarkably stable,</strong> <strong>hovering around</strong> 3–4% for the entire period, and <strong>showed minimal change</strong> even during the 2008 financial crisis—<strong>a contrast</strong> with the volatility seen in Spain.", "Line graph", "Economy"], ["The line graph shows international tourist arrivals (in millions) in four regions — Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Americas, and Africa — from 1995 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> international tourist arrivals in four world regions over a twenty-five-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Europe <strong>consistently attracted the most visitors,</strong> while all regions <strong>showed a general upward trend</strong> before a <strong>dramatic decline</strong> in 2020.\n\nIn 1995, Europe led with 315 million arrivals, followed by the Americas at 110 million. Asia-Pacific <strong>stood at</strong> 82 million, while Africa <strong>recorded the lowest figure</strong> at just 20 million. Over the next two decades, Europe’s figures <strong>grew steadily,</strong> <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 745 million in 2019. Asia-Pacific <strong>grew most rapidly</strong> of all regions, <strong>climbing</strong> from 82 to 360 million — <strong>more than quadrupling</strong> its 1995 total.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> 2020 saw all regions <strong>decline sharply</strong> due to the global pandemic. Europe’s arrivals <strong>plummeted</strong> to just 220 million, while Asia-Pacific <strong>fell dramatically</strong> to 85 million — effectively <strong>erasing two decades of growth</strong> in a single year.", "Line graph", "Tourism"], ["The line graph shows the number of mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people in five countries from 2000 to 2015.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> mobile phone adoption rates across five countries over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> all countries <strong>experienced substantial growth,</strong> with developed nations reaching near-saturation while emerging markets <strong>caught up rapidly</strong> in the latter part of the period.\n\nIn 2000, Sweden led with approximately 70 subscriptions per 100 people, followed by the USA at 40. India and Nigeria <strong>stood at</strong> 2 and 1 respectively, <strong>well below</strong> the other nations. By 2005, Sweden’s figure had <strong>risen sharply</strong> to 100, <strong>levelling off</strong> thereafter. The USA <strong>followed a similar trajectory,</strong> <strong>reaching</strong> 95 by 2010.\n\nThe most <strong>dramatic changes</strong> occurred in India and Nigeria, where subscriptions <strong>soared</strong> from single digits in 2000 to 73 and 80 per 100 people by 2015 respectively — <strong>remarkable growth</strong> driven by affordable handsets. China, meanwhile, <strong>grew steadily</strong> from 7 to 95 over the same period, <strong>narrowing the gap</strong> with wealthier nations considerably.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph shows the average house prices (in thousands of dollars) in three cities — Sydney, Toronto, and Berlin — between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> average residential property prices in three cities over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Sydney <strong>recorded by far the steepest rise,</strong> while Berlin’s prices <strong>grew gradually</strong> from a much lower base. Toronto followed an intermediate pattern.\n\nIn 2005, all three cities <strong>recorded</strong> relatively similar prices, ranging from $380,000 in Sydney to $220,000 in Berlin. Between 2005 and 2012, changes were <strong>moderate</strong> across all cities, with Sydney <strong>climbing steadily</strong> to $500,000. A <strong>more dramatic shift</strong> occurred after 2012: Sydney’s prices <strong>soared</strong> to a <strong>peak of</strong> $1.1 million by 2017 before <strong>declining slightly</strong> to $950,000 in 2020.\n\nToronto <strong>followed a broadly similar upward trend,</strong> <strong>reaching</strong> $780,000 by 2020 — <strong>more than double</strong> its 2005 figure. Berlin, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew more gradually,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> $220,000 to $480,000, though this still <strong>represented a considerable increase</strong> in relative terms.", "Line graph", "Housing"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of adults who regularly exercised in three age groups (18–30, 31–50, 51–70) in a country from 2000 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> regular exercise rates among three adult age groups over two decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the youngest group <strong>consistently showed the highest participation rates,</strong> while the oldest group <strong>experienced the most significant growth</strong> over the period.\n\nIn 2000, 18–30 year-olds <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at 52%, followed by the 31–50 group at 35%, and the 51–70 group at just 20%. The 18–30 cohort’s rate <strong>fluctuated moderately</strong> over the following decade before <strong>declining gradually</strong> to 47% by 2020 — possibly reflecting busier lifestyles among younger adults.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the 51–70 age group showed a <strong>remarkable upward trend,</strong> <strong>climbing steadily</strong> from 20% to 42% — <strong>more than doubling</strong> over the period. The 31–50 group <strong>grew at a moderate pace,</strong> reaching 44% in 2020. <strong>Notably,</strong> by 2018 the figures for all three groups had <strong>converged at around</strong> 43–47%, suggesting increasingly similar exercise habits across age groups.", "Line graph", "Health"], ["The line graph shows the volume of goods transported by road, rail, water, and pipeline in a European country from 1974 to 2002.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> freight transport volumes across four modes in a European country over nearly three decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> road transport <strong>dominated throughout</strong> and <strong>grew substantially,</strong> while pipeline and water transport <strong>remained relatively stable.</strong> Rail freight <strong>declined noticeably</strong> over the period.\n\nIn 1974, road transport <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 70 billion tonne-kilometres, <strong>the highest of all modes.</strong> It <strong>rose steadily</strong> to reach around 100 billion by 2002. Water transport <strong>remained fairly stable</strong> at between 50 and 60 billion throughout, while pipeline usage <strong>grew gradually</strong> from 5 to 22 billion.\n\nRail freight, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>declined sharply</strong> from around 40 billion in 1974 to a <strong>low of</strong> 30 billion in the early 1990s. <strong>After an initial recovery,</strong> it <strong>levelled off</strong> at approximately 35 billion by 2002 — still <strong>considerably lower than</strong> its starting point. Road transport’s <strong>consistent dominance</strong> suggests a long-term shift in logistics preference away from rail.", "Line graph", "Transport"], ["The line graph shows the production of renewable energy (in terawatt-hours) from solar, wind, and hydroelectric sources in a country between 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> renewable energy output from three sources over a fifteen-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> wind and solar energy <strong>grew dramatically,</strong> overtaking hydroelectric power which had <strong>remained the dominant source</strong> at the start of the period.\n\nIn 2005, hydroelectric power <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 220 TWh, while wind and solar <strong>stood at</strong> just 30 and 5 TWh respectively. Hydroelectric output <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> over the following decade, <strong>levelling off</strong> at around 240 TWh by 2015.\n\nWind energy, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>grew rapidly,</strong> <strong>climbing steadily</strong> from 30 TWh to 180 TWh by 2015 before <strong>soaring</strong> to 290 TWh in 2020 — <strong>overtaking</strong> hydroelectric for the first time. Solar power <strong>showed the most dramatic growth of all,</strong> <strong>rising sharply</strong> from near zero to 200 TWh by 2020 — a <strong>fortyfold increase</strong> that reflects falling panel costs and government incentives.", "Line graph", "Energy"], ["The line graph shows the birth rate and death rate (per 1,000 people) in a developing country between 1960 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> birth and death rates per 1,000 people in a developing country over sixty years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both rates <strong>declined substantially</strong> over the period, with the death rate falling more rapidly and the gap between the two <strong>narrowing considerably</strong> by 2020.\n\nIn 1960, the birth rate <strong>stood at</strong> a very high 45 per 1,000, while the death rate was 22. The death rate <strong>fell sharply</strong> throughout the 1960s and 1970s, driven by improved healthcare, <strong>reaching</strong> around 12 by 1980 and <strong>continuing to decline gradually</strong> to 8 by 2020. The gap in the early period created a <strong>rapid population growth phase.</strong>\n\nThe birth rate, meanwhile, <strong>remained relatively stable</strong> until 1975 at around 42–45, before <strong>declining steadily</strong> to 25 by 2000. Between 2000 and 2020 it <strong>fell more sharply,</strong> eventually <strong>standing at</strong> 18 — still <strong>more than double</strong> the death rate, indicating continued population growth albeit at a <strong>much slower pace.</strong>", "Line graph", "Demographics"], ["The line graph shows the average monthly rainfall (mm) in two cities — Lagos and Mumbai — over a twelve-month period.", "<strong>The line graph compares</strong> monthly rainfall patterns in Lagos and Mumbai throughout a single year.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> both cities <strong>experienced distinct wet and dry seasons,</strong> though their peak rainfall months differed considerably. Mumbai received <strong>substantially more</strong> rain at its peak, while Lagos showed a more even distribution.\n\nIn January, both cities <strong>recorded</strong> low rainfall — Lagos at 15mm and Mumbai at just 5mm. Lagos’s precipitation <strong>grew steadily</strong> from February, <strong>reaching a peak of</strong> 290mm in June before <strong>declining sharply</strong> to near zero in August — an unusual mid-summer dry spell. A <strong>second, smaller peak</strong> of 190mm occurred in September before <strong>declining gradually</strong> through December.\n\nMumbai’s pattern was markedly different. Rainfall <strong>remained minimal</strong> from January to May, then <strong>soared dramatically</strong> to <strong>peak at</strong> 680mm in July — <strong>more than double</strong> Lagos’s maximum. It then <strong>fell steeply</strong> through September and <strong>returned to</strong> near-zero levels by November, reflecting a classic monsoon cycle.", "Line graph", "Geography"], ["The line graph shows the market share (%) of four smartphone brands — Brand A, B, C, and D — in a country from 2010 to 2020.", "<strong>The line graph illustrates</strong> how the market share of four smartphone brands changed over a decade.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Brand A <strong>declined dramatically</strong> from a position of dominance, while Brand C <strong>rose sharply</strong> to become the market leader by 2020. Brands B and D showed <strong>moderate and relatively stable</strong> trends.\n\nIn 2010, Brand A <strong>held</strong> approximately 55% market share — <strong>by far the highest.</strong> Brand B <strong>stood at</strong> 25%, while Brands C and D had just 12% and 8% respectively. Brand A’s share <strong>began declining gradually</strong> after 2012 and <strong>fell steeply</strong> from 2015, <strong>reaching a low of</strong> 20% by 2020 — <strong>a decrease of 35 percentage points.</strong>\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Brand C <strong>grew rapidly,</strong> <strong>climbing from</strong> 12% to 42% over the decade, <strong>overtaking</strong> Brand A in 2018. Brand B <strong>declined modestly</strong> from 25% to 18%, while Brand D <strong>remained relatively unchanged</strong> at 7–10%, <strong>showing minimal sensitivity</strong> to the broader market shifts.", "Line graph", "Technology"], ["The line graph shows the percentage of the population living in urban areas in three continents — Africa, Asia, and Latin America — between 1970 and 2020.", "<strong>The line graph provides information about</strong> urbanisation rates across three continents over fifty years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Latin America <strong>consistently recorded the highest urbanisation levels,</strong> while Asia and Africa, despite starting from lower bases, <strong>grew steadily throughout</strong> the period.\n\nIn 1970, Latin America’s urban population <strong>stood at</strong> approximately 57%, while Asia and Africa <strong>recorded considerably lower figures</strong> of 24% and 23% respectively. Latin America’s figure <strong>climbed steadily</strong> to <strong>reach</strong> 81% by 2020 — a <strong>substantial but relatively gradual</strong> increase. Asia’s rate <strong>grew consistently,</strong> <strong>more than doubling</strong> from 24% to 52% over the fifty-year period.\n\nAfrica’s urbanisation <strong>followed a similar upward trajectory,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> 23% to 44%. <strong>Notably,</strong> while Asia <strong>has overtaken</strong> the 50% threshold, both Asia and Africa <strong>remain well below</strong> Latin America, suggesting that rural populations still <strong>predominate</strong> across much of these regions.", "Line graph", "Demographics"], ["The bar chart shows the main reasons why people in a particular country chose to work from home in 2022, by percentage.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> the main motivations for remote working among employees in a country in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> work-life balance was <strong>by far the most commonly cited reason,</strong> while financial savings and health concerns <strong>accounted for</strong> a considerably smaller share of responses.\n\n<strong>The most significant factor</strong> was the desire for better work-life balance, cited by 68% of respondents — <strong>more than double</strong> the next highest category. Avoiding commuting <strong>came second at</strong> 31%, followed closely by the ability to care for family members at 28%.\n\nIncreased productivity <strong>was reported by</strong> approximately 22% of workers, while financial savings on transport and meals <strong>accounted for a more modest</strong> 15%. Health concerns, including reduced exposure to illness, <strong>represented the smallest proportion</strong> at just 9%. <strong>Notably,</strong> personal preference for a quieter working environment, at 19%, <strong>ranked higher than</strong> both financial and health motivations — suggesting that comfort and autonomy are <strong>significant drivers</strong> of remote working behaviour.", "Bar chart", "Work & Society"], ["The bar chart shows the average number of hours per week that people in different age groups spent on leisure activities in a particular country in 2019.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> weekly leisure time across six age groups in a country in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> older age groups <strong>enjoyed considerably more leisure time</strong> than younger adults, with the over-65 group recording <strong>by far the highest figure.</strong>\n\nThose aged 65 and over <strong>recorded the highest average</strong> at 41 hours per week, <strong>almost twice</strong> the figure for the 35–44 group. The 55–64 age group <strong>followed closely behind</strong> at 36 hours, while those aged 45–54 <strong>averaged</strong> 28 hours.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the 25–34 and 35–44 groups <strong>reported the least leisure time</strong> at 22 and 21 hours respectively — likely reflecting the demands of careers and childcare. The youngest group, aged 16–24, <strong>averaged</strong> 26 hours — <strong>more than</strong> the two middle groups despite having fewer professional responsibilities. <strong>Overall,</strong> there appears to be a <strong>clear U-shaped pattern,</strong> with leisure time peaking among the very young and the retired.", "Bar chart", "Lifestyle"], ["The bar chart shows the average carbon footprint (in tonnes of CO₂ equivalent) of five modes of transport per passenger per kilometre.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> the carbon footprint of five transport modes on a per-kilometre, per-passenger basis.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> domestic air travel <strong>produced by far the highest emissions,</strong> while cycling and walking <strong>generated negligible carbon output.</strong> Public transport options <strong>fell considerably below</strong> private car use.\n\nDomestic flights <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at 255g of CO₂ per km — <strong>approximately three times higher than</strong> driving a petrol car alone, which <strong>stood at</strong> 89g. Petrol cars with multiple passengers <strong>showed a more moderate figure</strong> of around 43g, highlighting the impact of occupancy on efficiency.\n\nLong-distance trains <strong>produced substantially less</strong> at just 41g per passenger per km, while local buses <strong>averaged</strong> 89g — <strong>comparable to</strong> a single-occupancy car. Cycling and walking <strong>produced essentially zero emissions.</strong> <strong>Notably,</strong> a fully loaded coach <strong>generated only 27g</strong> — <strong>the lowest motorised option</strong> — underlining the environmental advantage of high-occupancy ground transport.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The bar chart shows the percentage of households using different types of energy sources for heating in five European countries in 2020.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> the distribution of residential heating energy sources across five European countries in 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> natural gas <strong>dominated in most countries,</strong> but there were <strong>notable differences</strong> in the use of renewables and electricity across the region.\n\nNatural gas <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> in Germany and the Netherlands at 79% and 85% respectively — <strong>substantially higher than</strong> in other nations. In Sweden, <strong>by contrast,</strong> district heating and heat pumps <strong>made up the majority,</strong> with gas <strong>accounting for</strong> only 5% — reflecting the country’s strong commitment to renewable energy.\n\nFrance relied heavily on electricity for heating at 35%, <strong>the highest among the five countries,</strong> alongside gas at 41%. Norway’s profile was distinctive, with wood biomass <strong>representing a considerable</strong> 22% — <strong>more than double</strong> any other country — alongside significant use of heat pumps. <strong>Overall,</strong> northern nations showed <strong>markedly greater diversification</strong> in heating sources than their central European counterparts.", "Bar chart", "Energy"], ["The bar chart shows the proportion of water used by agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes in six countries in 2015.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> water consumption by sector across six countries in 2015.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> agriculture <strong>dominated water use</strong> in most nations, particularly developing countries, while industrial use was <strong>more prominent</strong> in wealthier economies.\n\nIn India and Egypt, agriculture <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 90% and 86% of total water use respectively — <strong>by far the highest proportions.</strong> Domestic use in both countries <strong>represented</strong> only 5–7%, with industry making up the remainder. <strong>By contrast,</strong> Germany showed a <strong>markedly different pattern,</strong> with industry <strong>accounting for</strong> 68% — <strong>the highest industrial figure</strong> in the dataset — and agriculture at just 20%.\n\nThe USA and Australia fell between these extremes: agricultural use <strong>stood at</strong> around 40% and 65% respectively, while domestic consumption was <strong>relatively consistent</strong> across both at 13% and 20%. Canada’s distribution was <strong>broadly similar to</strong> Germany’s, with industry at 60%. <strong>Overall,</strong> a country’s development level appears to be <strong>strongly correlated</strong> with its industrial water share.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The bar chart shows the number of international visitors (in millions) to six world heritage sites in 2018.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> visitor numbers at six UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2018.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the Great Wall of China <strong>attracted by far the most visitors,</strong> while Stonehenge <strong>received considerably fewer</strong> than the other five sites.\n\nThe Great Wall <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> at approximately 10 million visitors — <strong>more than double</strong> the Eiffel Tower in second place at 7 million. Machu Picchu and the Colosseum <strong>attracted broadly similar</strong> numbers at 1.6 and 7.4 million respectively, with the Colosseum ranking third overall.\n\nAngkor Wat <strong>attracted</strong> 2.6 million visitors — a <strong>considerable figure</strong> given its remote location — while Stonehenge <strong>recorded the lowest count</strong> of just 1.6 million. <strong>Notably,</strong> European sites collectively <strong>accounted for</strong> approximately 60% of total visitors across the six locations, reflecting both the region’s established tourism infrastructure and the global appeal of iconic Western landmarks. The <strong>substantial gap</strong> between the top and bottom sites underscores the uneven distribution of global heritage tourism.", "Bar chart", "Tourism"], ["The bar chart shows male and female participation rates (%) in five sports — swimming, cycling, football, tennis, and running — in a country in 2021.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> participation rates for men and women across five sports in 2021.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> gender differences varied <strong>considerably</strong> by sport, with football <strong>showing the largest gap</strong> in favour of men and swimming <strong>the most evenly matched.</strong>\n\nFootball <strong>showed the most significant gender disparity:</strong> 38% of men participated compared with only 9% of women — <strong>a difference of nearly 30 percentage points.</strong> Cycling also <strong>favoured men considerably,</strong> at 29% versus 18% for women. Running was more balanced, with rates of 35% and 31% for men and women respectively.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> swimming was <strong>the most popular sport among women</strong> at 40% — <strong>the highest female figure across all five sports</strong> — and also <strong>very popular among men</strong> at 38%, making it <strong>the most evenly distributed activity.</strong> Tennis <strong>showed a slight female advantage</strong> at 22% versus 19% for men. <strong>Overall,</strong> women’s participation was <strong>broadly lower</strong> in traditionally male-dominated sports, but <strong>comparable to or exceeding</strong> men’s in individual activities.", "Bar chart", "Sports & Health"], ["The bar chart shows the average monthly income (in USD) of workers in six sectors — healthcare, education, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, and IT — in a country in 2022.", "<strong>The bar chart provides information about</strong> average monthly salaries across six employment sectors in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> IT workers <strong>earned by far the highest wages,</strong> while agricultural workers <strong>received the lowest remuneration</strong> — <strong>less than a fifth</strong> of the IT sector’s average.\n\nIT professionals <strong>recorded the highest average salary</strong> at $6,200 per month, followed by finance workers at $4,800. Healthcare salaries <strong>stood at</strong> a respectable $3,900, while education workers earned <strong>considerably less</strong> at $2,400 — despite requiring comparable levels of qualification.\n\nManufacturing wages <strong>were moderate</strong> at $2,100, while agriculture <strong>recorded by far the lowest figure</strong> at just $980 per month — <strong>roughly one-sixth</strong> of the IT average. <strong>Notably,</strong> the gap between the top two sectors (IT and finance) and the bottom two (manufacturing and agriculture) was <strong>substantial,</strong> suggesting <strong>significant wage inequality</strong> across the economy. The education–healthcare disparity of $1,500 is also noteworthy given the comparable social importance of both professions.", "Bar chart", "Economy"], ["The bar chart shows the percentage of students achieving top grades in five subjects — Mathematics, English, Science, History, and Art — in a national exam in 2020.", "<strong>The bar chart illustrates</strong> top-grade achievement rates across five school subjects in a 2020 national examination.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Art <strong>had the highest proportion</strong> of top-grade students, while Mathematics <strong>recorded the lowest,</strong> suggesting <strong>considerable variation</strong> in difficulty or grade distribution across subjects.\n\nArt <strong>recorded the highest figure</strong> with 42% of students achieving top grades, followed by English at 35%. History <strong>came third</strong> at 28%, while Science <strong>stood at</strong> a <strong>modest</strong> 22%. Mathematics <strong>showed the lowest proportion</strong> at just 18% — <strong>less than half</strong> the Art figure.\n\n<strong>Notably,</strong> the gap between the highest-achieving subject (Art, 42%) and the lowest (Mathematics, 18%) was <strong>24 percentage points</strong> — a <strong>considerable difference</strong> that may reflect both the subjective grading of creative subjects and the greater difficulty of achieving excellence in quantitative disciplines. The relatively <strong>strong performance</strong> in English (35%) compared to other core subjects suggests greater student proficiency or familiarity with the assessment format.", "Bar chart", "Education"], ["The bar chart shows the amount of household waste (in kg per person per year) recycled and sent to landfill in five countries in 2019.", "<strong>The bar chart compares</strong> per-capita household waste recycling and landfill rates across five countries in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Germany <strong>recycled the highest proportion</strong> of its waste, while Turkey <strong>sent the greatest amount to landfill.</strong> All countries showed <strong>marked differences</strong> in their waste management approaches.\n\nGermany <strong>recorded the highest recycling figure</strong> at 220 kg per person, with a <strong>comparatively low</strong> landfill rate of 50 kg. Sweden and the Netherlands <strong>followed similar patterns,</strong> recycling around 160 and 140 kg respectively while <strong>keeping landfill below</strong> 80 kg each.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> the UK showed a more balanced split — 120 kg recycled versus 100 kg landfilled — suggesting a recycling infrastructure that is improving but still <strong>lags considerably behind</strong> northern European leaders. Turkey <strong>stood at</strong> the opposite end of the spectrum, with only 35 kg recycled and <strong>by far the highest landfill figure</strong> at 280 kg per person — <strong>more than five times</strong> Germany’s landfill rate, highlighting the <strong>significant challenges</strong> remaining in waste management.", "Bar chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of energy consumed by different sectors in the UK in 1990 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> energy consumption patterns across sectors in the UK between 1990 and 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> transport and residential sectors <strong>grew their share considerably,</strong> while industrial consumption <strong>declined markedly</strong> over the thirty-year period.\n\nIn 1990, industry <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 38%, followed by transport at 26% and residential use at 22%. Services and other uses made up the remaining 14%.\n\nBy 2020, the picture had <strong>changed substantially.</strong> Industry’s share had <strong>fallen dramatically</strong> to just 20% — <strong>a decrease of 18 percentage points</strong> — reflecting the shift towards a service-based economy. Transport, <strong>by contrast,</strong> <strong>rose considerably</strong> to 35%, becoming the <strong>dominant consumer</strong> of energy. Residential use <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 28%, while the services sector <strong>grew from</strong> 14% to 17%. <strong>Overall,</strong> these shifts suggest a fundamental restructuring of energy demand, with personal mobility and home consumption replacing industrial production as the primary drivers.", "Pie chart", "Energy"], ["The pie charts show how a typical household in the UK spent its monthly income in 1980 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how British household spending patterns changed over a forty-year period.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> housing costs <strong>grew substantially as a proportion of household budgets,</strong> while food expenditure <strong>declined considerably,</strong> reflecting broader economic and social changes.\n\nIn 1980, food and groceries <strong>represented the largest single category</strong> at 28%, followed by housing at 20% and transport at 15%. Entertainment <strong>accounted for</strong> a relatively modest 8%, with health, clothing, and savings making up the remainder.\n\nBy 2020, housing had <strong>grown dramatically</strong> to 35% — <strong>the largest category</strong> and <strong>nearly double</strong> its 1980 share — driven by rising rents and property prices. Food’s proportion <strong>declined sharply</strong> to just 14%, <strong>less than half</strong> of its 1980 level, likely reflecting both cheaper food production and more eating out. Entertainment spending <strong>more than doubled</strong> to 18%, while transport <strong>remained broadly stable</strong> at 14%. Health expenditure <strong>increased modestly</strong> from 5% to 9%, reflecting an ageing population.", "Pie chart", "Economy & Lifestyle"], ["The pie charts show the main causes of deforestation globally in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> the primary drivers of global deforestation in two years two decades apart.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> cattle ranching <strong>remained the dominant cause</strong> throughout, while soy and palm oil cultivation <strong>grew considerably</strong> in relative importance by 2020.\n\nIn 2000, cattle ranching <strong>accounted for by far the largest proportion</strong> at 41%, followed by small-scale agriculture at 27%. Logging and infrastructure each <strong>represented</strong> around 13% and 10% respectively, with other causes making up the remaining 9%.\n\nBy 2020, cattle ranching’s share had <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 36% but <strong>remained the leading cause.</strong> <strong>The most notable change</strong> was the <strong>dramatic rise</strong> of commercial soy and palm oil cultivation, which <strong>increased from</strong> a combined 9% to 26% — reflecting surging global demand for these commodities. Small-scale agriculture <strong>fell from</strong> 27% to 18%, while logging’s proportion <strong>remained relatively stable.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a shift towards large-scale, commercially driven deforestation.", "Pie chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the distribution of employment types (full-time, part-time, self-employed, and unemployed) among adults in a country in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how employment patterns among working-age adults changed over two decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> full-time employment <strong>declined as a proportion,</strong> while self-employment and part-time work <strong>grew considerably,</strong> suggesting a structural shift towards more flexible labour arrangements.\n\nIn 2000, full-time employment <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> at 58%, followed by part-time at 20%, self-employment at 14%, and unemployment at 8%. By 2020, full-time employment’s share had <strong>fallen noticeably</strong> to 48% — <strong>a decrease of ten percentage points.</strong>\n\nSelf-employment <strong>grew substantially</strong> from 14% to 23%, reflecting the rise of freelance and gig-economy work. Part-time employment also <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 24%. <strong>Notably,</strong> the unemployment rate <strong>fell from</strong> 8% to just 5% over the period, indicating an overall improvement in labour market conditions despite the shift away from traditional full-time roles. <strong>In summary,</strong> the workforce of 2020 was <strong>markedly more varied</strong> in employment type than in 2000.", "Pie chart", "Economy"], ["The pie charts show how students at a university spent their time in a typical week in 1995 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> how university students allocated their weekly time between 1995 and 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> time spent on studying and academic activities <strong>declined considerably,</strong> while social activities and part-time work <strong>increased substantially</strong> over the twenty-five-year period.\n\nIn 1995, academic study <strong>accounted for the largest share</strong> of student time at 45%, with social activities at 25%, sleep and personal care at 20%, and part-time work at just 10%. By 2020, the pattern had <strong>changed markedly.</strong>\n\nStudy time <strong>fell significantly</strong> to 34% — <strong>a drop of eleven percentage points</strong> — possibly reflecting greater reliance on digital resources and flexible learning. Part-time work <strong>more than doubled</strong> from 10% to 22%, likely due to rising living costs and tuition fees. Social activities <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 28%, while sleep and personal care <strong>remained broadly stable</strong> at 16%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the shift suggests modern students lead <strong>considerably busier</strong> and more financially pressured lives than their 1995 counterparts.", "Pie chart", "Education"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of plastic waste generated by different industries globally in 2000 and 2019.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> the contribution of various industries to global plastic waste in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> packaging <strong>remained by far the largest source</strong> of plastic waste throughout the period, while the construction and automotive sectors <strong>showed only marginal changes.</strong>\n\nIn 2000, packaging <strong>accounted for</strong> 36% of all plastic waste — <strong>more than double</strong> the next category, textiles at 16%. Consumer goods <strong>represented</strong> 14%, with electronics, construction, automotive, and other uses making up the remaining 34%.\n\nBy 2019, packaging’s share had <strong>risen substantially</strong> to 47%, driven by the explosive growth in e-commerce and single-use plastics. Textiles <strong>increased modestly</strong> to 19%, while consumer goods <strong>declined slightly</strong> to 11%. Construction and automotive shares each <strong>fell marginally.</strong> <strong>Notably,</strong> the combined share of the top two categories — packaging and textiles — <strong>grew from</strong> 52% to 66%, suggesting that waste reduction efforts should be <strong>strongly focused</strong> on these sectors.", "Pie chart", "Environment"], ["The pie charts show the proportion of government expenditure allocated to different sectors in a country in 2005 and 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts illustrate</strong> how a government’s budget was distributed across key sectors in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> healthcare and welfare spending <strong>increased considerably,</strong> while defence and infrastructure <strong>received smaller proportions</strong> of total expenditure in 2020 compared to 2005.\n\nIn 2005, education <strong>accounted for</strong> the largest single allocation at 28%, with healthcare at 22% and defence at 18%. Infrastructure and welfare each <strong>represented</strong> around 14% and 10% respectively, with administration taking the remaining 8%.\n\nBy 2020, healthcare had <strong>grown dramatically</strong> to 31% — <strong>surpassing</strong> education (now at 25%) to become the largest category, reflecting an ageing population and rising medical costs. Welfare spending <strong>rose from</strong> 10% to 17%, while defence <strong>declined sharply</strong> from 18% to 10%. Infrastructure’s allocation <strong>fell modestly</strong> to 11%. <strong>In summary,</strong> the 2020 budget reflects a <strong>clear shift</strong> towards social expenditure and away from defence and capital investment.", "Pie chart", "Government & Policy"], ["The pie charts show the age distribution of the population in two countries — Country A (a developing nation) and Country B (a developed nation) in 2020.", "<strong>The pie charts compare</strong> population age structures in a developing and a developed country in 2020.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Country A had a <strong>considerably younger population,</strong> with children and young adults <strong>dominating,</strong> while Country B showed a <strong>markedly older demographic profile.</strong>\n\nIn Country A, the 0–14 age group <strong>accounted for</strong> 42% of the population — <strong>the largest single segment</strong> — while those aged 15–34 <strong>represented</strong> a further 30%. The 35–64 group <strong>made up</strong> 22%, and those aged 65 and over <strong>accounted for only</strong> 6% — a <strong>notably low</strong> proportion.\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Country B’s age distribution was <strong>almost the inverse.</strong> The over-65 group <strong>represented</strong> 22% — <strong>nearly four times</strong> Country A’s figure — while children aged 0–14 <strong>made up only</strong> 15%. The working-age groups (15–34 and 35–64) each <strong>accounted for</strong> around 28% and 35% respectively. These differences <strong>highlight the contrasting demographic challenges</strong> facing developing and developed nations.", "Pie chart", "Demographics"], ["The table below shows data on international tourism for five countries in 2019, including visitor numbers, tourism revenue, and average length of stay.", "<strong>The table gives information about</strong> key tourism indicators for five countries in 2019.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> France attracted the most visitors but <strong>did not generate</strong> the highest revenue, while the USA <strong>led in</strong> tourism earnings. Average length of stay <strong>varied considerably</strong> across destinations.\n\nFrance <strong>recorded the highest number</strong> of international arrivals at 89 million, followed by Spain at 83 million. However, in terms of revenue, the USA <strong>ranked first</strong> with $214 billion — <strong>substantially higher than</strong> France’s $63 billion — suggesting that American tourists spend <strong>considerably more</strong> per visit. Spain <strong>earned</strong> $80 billion despite receiving slightly fewer visitors than France.\n\nAverage length of stay showed interesting variation. Greece <strong>recorded the longest average stay</strong> at 9.2 nights, while the USA had <strong>the shortest</strong> at 5.1 nights, possibly reflecting the prevalence of short city breaks. Australia’s figures were <strong>notable:</strong> despite receiving only 9 million visitors — <strong>the fewest of the five countries</strong> — it <strong>earned</strong> $45 billion, indicating <strong>particularly high</strong> average spending per tourist.", "Table", "Tourism"], ["The table shows the results of a survey about the reading habits of adults in three age groups in 2021, including frequency, preferred format, and average time spent per day.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> adult reading habits across three age groups based on a 2021 survey.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> older adults read <strong>more frequently and for longer periods,</strong> while younger adults showed a <strong>marked preference</strong> for digital formats.\n\nAmong 18–35 year-olds, only 28% reported reading daily — <strong>the lowest rate across all groups</strong> — with an average of just 18 minutes per day. This group <strong>showed a strong preference</strong> for e-books and online articles at 74%. <strong>By contrast,</strong> the 36–55 group had a daily reading rate of 44% and <strong>averaged</strong> 31 minutes, with a more balanced format preference (52% digital, 48% print).\n\nThe 56+ age group <strong>recorded the highest frequency</strong> with 67% reading daily and an average of 48 minutes — <strong>more than double</strong> the youngest group. Print formats were <strong>strongly preferred</strong> by this cohort at 79%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a <strong>clear generational divide</strong> both in reading engagement and format preference, with digital reading <strong>declining significantly</strong> with age.", "Table", "Education & Lifestyle"], ["The table shows the electricity consumption (in kWh per year) of six common household appliances in three different countries.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> annual electricity consumption of six appliances in three countries.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> refrigerators and air conditioners <strong>were the most energy-intensive appliances,</strong> with <strong>notable variation</strong> across countries in some categories but <strong>relative consistency</strong> in others.\n\nRefrigerators <strong>consumed</strong> between 400 and 500 kWh annually across all three countries — a <strong>relatively narrow range</strong> — suggesting standardised energy efficiency regulations. Air conditioning, however, showed <strong>more significant variation:</strong> consumption in the warmer country <strong>was substantially higher</strong> at 1,200 kWh, compared to 350 kWh in the coolest nation.\n\nWashing machines and dishwashers <strong>recorded broadly similar</strong> figures across countries, ranging from 200 to 280 kWh and 220 to 300 kWh respectively. Televisions and computers <strong>represented</strong> lower consumption overall, with figures <strong>hovering around</strong> 100–180 kWh. <strong>Notably,</strong> total household appliance consumption in the warmest country was <strong>approximately 40% higher</strong> than in the coolest, largely due to the <strong>considerable difference</strong> in air conditioning usage.", "Table", "Energy"], ["The table shows the percentage of adults in five countries who reported being ‘very satisfied’, ‘satisfied’, ‘dissatisfied’, or ‘very dissatisfied’ with public transport in their city in 2022.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> public transport satisfaction levels across five countries in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Japan <strong>recorded the highest satisfaction rates</strong> by a considerable margin, while Brazil <strong>showed the greatest dissatisfaction.</strong> The remaining three countries fell between these extremes.\n\nIn Japan, 52% of respondents reported being ‘very satisfied’ and a further 38% ‘satisfied’ — giving a combined positive rating of 90%, <strong>the highest across all five countries.</strong> Germany also performed well, with 35% ‘very satisfied’ and 48% ‘satisfied’ (83% combined).\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Brazil <strong>recorded the lowest satisfaction:</strong> only 8% were ‘very satisfied’, while 41% reported dissatisfaction and 22% were ‘very dissatisfied’ — a combined negative rating of 63%. The UK and the USA <strong>fell in the middle,</strong> with combined satisfaction rates of 58% and 54% respectively. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data suggest a <strong>strong correlation</strong> between investment in public infrastructure and passenger satisfaction levels.", "Table", "Transport & Society"], ["The table shows agricultural production (in million tonnes) of wheat, rice, and maize in three regions — Asia, Europe, and the Americas — in 2000 and 2020.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> production volumes of three cereal crops across three world regions in two different years.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> Asia <strong>dominated production of all three crops</strong> in both years, and global output <strong>increased substantially</strong> over the two-decade period, particularly for maize.\n\nIn 2000, Asia produced 260 million tonnes of rice — <strong>far exceeding</strong> the Americas (18Mt) and Europe (3Mt). By 2020, Asian rice production had <strong>risen moderately</strong> to 295Mt. Wheat production <strong>showed a different pattern:</strong> Europe and the Americas were <strong>more significant producers,</strong> generating 180 and 120 million tonnes respectively in 2020.\n\nMaize production <strong>grew most dramatically</strong> across all regions. The Americas <strong>saw the largest increase,</strong> <strong>rising from</strong> 280 to 470 million tonnes — <strong>nearly double</strong> the 2000 figure — driven largely by US ethanol production. Asia’s maize output <strong>grew considerably</strong> from 190 to 310Mt. <strong>Overall,</strong> the data show both continued Asian dominance in rice and a <strong>remarkable expansion</strong> of American maize production.", "Table", "Agriculture"], ["The table shows data on five cities’ populations, annual average commute time, public green space, and air quality index in 2022.", "<strong>The table provides information about</strong> four urban quality-of-life indicators across five cities in 2022.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> no single city <strong>excelled across all categories,</strong> though Vienna and Tokyo consistently <strong>performed well,</strong> while Mexico City <strong>recorded the weakest figures</strong> in most areas.\n\nVienna, with a population of 1.9 million, <strong>recorded the best air quality</strong> (AQI 18 — ‘very good’) and <strong>the highest</strong> green space per capita at 82 m². Commute times were also <strong>relatively short</strong> at 27 minutes. Tokyo, despite its much larger population of 13.9 million, <strong>maintained</strong> a competitive commute time of 35 minutes and <strong>good air quality</strong> (AQI 42).\n\n<strong>By contrast,</strong> Mexico City <strong>recorded the longest average commute</strong> at 58 minutes — <strong>more than double</strong> Vienna’s — and <strong>the worst air quality</strong> (AQI 112). Green space <strong>stood at just</strong> 14 m² per person. London and New York <strong>fell between</strong> the extremes, with commute times of 44 and 40 minutes and moderate air quality scores.", "Table", "Urban Life"], ["The table shows the percentage of people in four countries who used online banking, e-commerce, and social media in 2010 and 2020.", "<strong>The table compares</strong> digital service adoption across three platforms and four countries over a decade.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> usage of all three services <strong>grew substantially</strong> in every country, with social media showing <strong>the most dramatic increases</strong> in developing nations.\n\nIn 2010, online banking adoption <strong>was highest in</strong> Sweden at 72%, while India <strong>recorded the lowest figure</strong> at just 8%. By 2020, Sweden had <strong>reached</strong> 92%, and India’s figure had <strong>grown remarkably</strong> to 38% — driven by government digitalisation initiatives. The USA and Brazil <strong>showed moderate growth,</strong> rising from 52% and 19% to 79% and 51% respectively.\n\nSocial media adoption <strong>grew most rapidly</strong> across all four countries. India’s usage <strong>soared from</strong> 4% to 61% — <strong>more than fifteenfold</strong> — while Brazil <strong>reached</strong> 79% by 2020. E-commerce growth was <strong>substantial but slightly less dramatic,</strong> with Sweden leading at 88%. <strong>Overall,</strong> the decade saw a <strong>remarkable convergence</strong> in digital behaviour between developed and developing nations.", "Table", "Technology"], ["The diagram below shows the process of recycling paper.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the stages involved in recycling paper from collection to final product.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves six distinct stages and <strong>requires both mechanical and chemical treatment</strong> before the recycled paper can be produced.\n\nThe process <strong>begins with</strong> the collection of waste paper from homes and businesses, which is then <strong>transported</strong> to a recycling facility. At this stage, paper is <strong>sorted by type</strong> — newsprint, cardboard, and office paper are separated — before being <strong>shredded</strong> into small pieces.\n\nThe shredded material is then <strong>mixed with water and chemicals</strong> in a large tank to create a pulp. This pulp <strong>undergoes</strong> a cleaning process in which contaminants such as staples, ink, and adhesives <strong>are removed,</strong> first by filtering and then through a <strong>flotation stage</strong> where air bubbles <strong>lift</strong> remaining ink particles to the surface. The cleaned pulp is then <strong>spread onto</strong> a flat mesh conveyor, where water <strong>drains away</strong> and the fibres bond together. <strong>Finally,</strong> the sheet <strong>is dried, rolled, and cut</strong> into the finished recycled paper product, ready for reuse.", "Process diagram", "Environment"], ["The diagram shows how electricity is generated from wind power.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the process by which wind energy is converted into electrical power for homes and businesses.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> wind power generation is a relatively straightforward multi-stage process that converts kinetic energy into usable electricity with <strong>no direct emissions.</strong>\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> when wind strikes the turbine’s rotor blades, which are designed in an aerofoil shape to <strong>maximise</strong> lift. The blades <strong>rotate</strong> and <strong>drive</strong> a central shaft connected to a gearbox, which <strong>increases</strong> the rotational speed from approximately 18 rpm to 1,500 rpm. This <strong>high-speed rotation</strong> then powers a generator, which <strong>converts</strong> the mechanical energy into alternating current (AC) electricity.\n\nThe electricity produced <strong>passes through</strong> a transformer, which <strong>steps up</strong> the voltage for efficient long-distance transmission. The power <strong>then travels</strong> via underground cables or overhead lines to a substation, where the voltage is <strong>reduced</strong> for safe distribution. <strong>Finally,</strong> the electricity <strong>reaches</strong> homes, offices, and factories through the national grid. <strong>Notably,</strong> the entire process <strong>produces no greenhouse gases</strong> during operation.", "Process diagram", "Energy"], ["The diagram shows the stages in the manufacture of chocolate from cacao beans.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the production process of chocolate, from the harvesting of cacao pods to the final packaged product.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves several complex stages including fermentation and roasting, which are <strong>essential to developing</strong> the distinctive flavour of chocolate.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> on cacao farms, where ripe pods are harvested by hand and split open to extract the beans. The beans and surrounding pulp <strong>then undergo fermentation</strong> for five to seven days, a critical stage that <strong>develops</strong> flavour precursors. <strong>Following fermentation,</strong> the beans <strong>are dried</strong> in the sun and <strong>transported</strong> to a processing facility.\n\nAt the factory, the beans <strong>are first cleaned</strong> and then <strong>roasted</strong> at temperatures between 120°C and 150°C to enhance the flavour. The outer shells <strong>are removed</strong> by winnowing, leaving cacao nibs which <strong>are ground</strong> into a thick paste called chocolate liquor. Cocoa butter and sugar <strong>are added</strong> at this stage. The mixture <strong>undergoes conching,</strong> a lengthy process of continuous mixing that smooths the texture. <strong>Finally,</strong> the chocolate <strong>is tempered, moulded, and cooled</strong> before packaging.", "Process diagram", "Food & Agriculture"], ["The diagram shows the process used to desalinate seawater to produce fresh drinking water.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the multi-stage process of converting seawater into drinkable freshwater using reverse osmosis desalination.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the process involves several filtration and pressurisation steps before the water is safe for consumption, and <strong>also produces</strong> a concentrated brine by-product.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> when seawater is drawn from the ocean through large intake pipes. It first <strong>passes through</strong> a pre-filter that <strong>removes</strong> large debris and sediment. The water then <strong>undergoes</strong> chemical pre-treatment to prevent biological growth within the system.\n\nThe pre-treated water <strong>is then pressurised</strong> to approximately 70 bar and <strong>forced through</strong> semi-permeable reverse osmosis membranes. These membranes <strong>allow water molecules to pass through</strong> while <strong>blocking</strong> dissolved salts and impurities. The freshwater that <strong>emerges</strong> on the other side <strong>undergoes</strong> post-treatment, including mineralisation and pH adjustment, before being <strong>stored in reservoirs.</strong> <strong>Simultaneously,</strong> the concentrated brine solution that <strong>could not pass</strong> through the membranes is <strong>discharged</strong> back into the sea, though this requires careful management to minimise environmental impact.", "Process diagram", "Technology & Environment"], ["The diagram shows how bricks are made for the building industry.", "<strong>The diagram illustrates</strong> the stages involved in producing clay bricks used in construction.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> brick manufacture is a linear seven-stage process that transforms raw clay into a durable building material through a combination of mechanical processing and high-temperature firing.\n\nThe process <strong>begins</strong> with the excavation of clay from open-pit mines using heavy machinery. The raw clay <strong>is then transported</strong> to a processing plant where it is filtered and mixed with sand and water to achieve the correct consistency. This mixture <strong>is placed</strong> into a mould or <strong>cut by wire</strong> to produce uniform brick shapes.\n\n<strong>Following shaping,</strong> the bricks <strong>are left to dry</strong> in a drying oven for one to two days, which <strong>removes</strong> excess moisture and <strong>prevents</strong> cracking during firing. The dried bricks <strong>then enter</strong> a kiln where they <strong>are fired</strong> at temperatures between 870°C and 1,300°C for two to three days — a process that <strong>permanently hardens</strong> the clay. <strong>After cooling,</strong> the finished bricks <strong>are inspected for quality,</strong> packaged, and <strong>delivered</strong> to construction sites.", "Process diagram", "Construction"], ["The maps below show the layout of a town centre in 1990 and the present day.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a town centre in 1990 with its current configuration, revealing significant development over the past three decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the town centre has <strong>undergone considerable transformation,</strong> with retail and recreational facilities expanding at the expense of older industrial and parking areas.\n\nIn 1990, the northern section of the centre was <strong>dominated by</strong> a large factory and an adjacent car park. These have both <strong>been demolished</strong> and <strong>replaced by</strong> a modern shopping centre and a multi-storey car park — a <strong>significant increase</strong> in commercial space. The open market in the central square <strong>remains unchanged,</strong> though it has been <strong>surrounded by</strong> new pedestrian walkways.\n\n<strong>In the southern area,</strong> a row of small shops from 1990 has <strong>been converted into</strong> a restaurant and café district, reflecting the growing importance of leisure in town centre planning. A derelict warehouse <strong>has been redeveloped</strong> into residential apartments. The main road running east to west <strong>remains in the same position</strong> but has been <strong>extended and upgraded.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the town has shifted from industrial to commercial and residential use.", "Map", "Urban Development"], ["The maps show a small island before and after it was developed for tourism.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> an island’s landscape before and after tourist development, showing extensive infrastructure changes.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the island has been <strong>transformed considerably,</strong> with the natural environment largely replaced by tourist facilities, though some original features <strong>have been preserved.</strong>\n\nBefore development, the island consisted primarily of dense forest covering the interior and northern coast, a beach along the southern shore, and a small group of houses in the south-west corner. The island was accessible only by boat.\n\n<strong>Following development,</strong> the landscape changed dramatically. The beach <strong>now hosts</strong> a resort hotel and water sports facilities, while the area around the original houses has <strong>been expanded</strong> into a small village with a reception centre and restaurants. A road <strong>has been built</strong> across the island’s centre, connecting the pier — <strong>which has been constructed</strong> on the eastern coast — to the resort.\n\nMuch of the original forest <strong>has been cleared,</strong> though a nature reserve <strong>has been established</strong> in the north-west to protect what remains. <strong>Overall,</strong> the development has <strong>significantly altered</strong> the island’s character, prioritising visitor infrastructure over natural conservation.", "Map", "Tourism & Environment"], ["The maps show a university campus in 2005 and 2025, with plans for the future included.", "<strong>The maps illustrate</strong> changes to a university campus over twenty years and planned future development.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the campus has <strong>expanded considerably,</strong> with academic and residential facilities growing substantially, while sports and open spaces have been <strong>partially reduced.</strong>\n\nIn 2005, the campus consisted of a central library, three academic buildings, a sports field to the east, and student dormitories in the south. The northern section was open green space.\n\nBy 2025, <strong>notable changes</strong> had occurred. Two additional academic buildings <strong>had been constructed</strong> on the eastern side, while the sports field <strong>had been reduced in size</strong> to accommodate a new science laboratory. A student union building <strong>had been added</strong> to the central area. The dormitories <strong>had expanded southward,</strong> and a new cafeteria <strong>was built</strong> adjacent to them.\n\nPlanned changes include the conversion of the remaining northern green space into a technology hub and the <strong>addition of</strong> a multi-storey car park on the western perimeter. The library <strong>is planned to be extended.</strong> <strong>Overall,</strong> the campus reflects a clear prioritisation of academic and residential expansion over recreational space.", "Map", "Education"], ["The maps show a coastal town in 1980 and 2020, showing changes to the town’s development.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a coastal town in 1980 and 2020, highlighting substantial urban development over four decades.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the town has <strong>grown significantly</strong> in size and has shifted towards tourism and residential use, while traditional fishing and industrial activities have <strong>declined considerably.</strong>\n\nIn 1980, the town was compact, centred around a fishing harbour in the north and a small residential area to the south. A fish processing factory <strong>occupied</strong> the eastern waterfront, and a narrow beach ran along the western coast with no associated facilities.\n\nBy 2020, the town had <strong>expanded substantially</strong> in all directions. The fishing harbour <strong>remains</strong> but has been <strong>significantly reduced in size,</strong> with the fish processing factory <strong>demolished and replaced by</strong> a marina and waterfront restaurants. The western beach <strong>now features</strong> a promenade, a hotel, and a car park — reflecting the town’s transformation into a tourist destination.\n\nResidential development has <strong>extended</strong> to the south and east, and a new bypass road <strong>has been constructed</strong> around the town’s perimeter to manage increased traffic. <strong>Overall,</strong> the town’s identity has shifted fundamentally from industrial to leisure-oriented.", "Map", "Urban Development"], ["The maps below show a local park in a city in 2000 and 2024, along with a proposed plan for 2030.", "<strong>The maps compare</strong> the layout of a city park at two past dates and show a proposed redesign for 2030.\n\n<strong>Overall,</strong> the park has evolved from a largely natural open space to a more structured recreational area, with the 2030 plan proposing further expansion of community facilities.\n\nIn 2000, the park consisted mainly of open grass, a small pond in the centre, a children’s playground in the south-west, and a single footpath running east to west. There were no built facilities other than a small gatehouse at the main entrance.\n\nBy 2024, <strong>several changes had occurred.</strong> A café and public toilets <strong>had been built</strong> near the main entrance, and a circular walking path <strong>had replaced</strong> the single footpath. The playground <strong>had been expanded,</strong> and a community garden <strong>had been established</strong> in the northern corner. The pond <strong>remained unchanged.</strong>\n\nThe 2030 plan proposes further developments: an outdoor gym and bandstand <strong>are to be added</strong> in the eastern section, while the café <strong>is planned for expansion.</strong> An additional entrance <strong>would be created</strong> on the northern boundary. <strong>Overall,</strong> each iteration reflects growing community demand for accessible, multi-purpose green spaces.", "Map", "Urban Development"]]

Grammatical (334 chunks)

Adverbial (333 chunks)

Lexical (333 chunks)

IELTS (300 chunks)