IELTS WRITING
Tai lieu hoc tap tong hop
Khoa hoc Nguyen Huyen – 30 bai giang
TASK 1: Line Graph | Pie Chart | Table | Bar Chart | Mixed Charts | Process | Map
TASK 2: Causes-Solutions | Problems-Solutions | Discuss & Opinion | Agree-Disagree | Positive-Negative | Advantages Outweigh | 2-Part Question
PHAN I – WRITING TASK 1
Chuong 1: Gioi thieu chung ve Task 1 (W01)
Chuong 2: Tu vung va cau truc mieu ta xu huong (W02)
Chuong 3: Cau truc so sanh trong Task 1 (W03)
Chuong 4: Line Graph – Qua khu (W04)
Chuong 5: Line Graph – Tuong lai (W05)
Chuong 6: Pie Chart – Khong co thoi gian (W06)
Chuong 7: Pie Chart – Co thoi gian (W07)
Chuong 8: Table – Khong co thoi gian (W08)
Chuong 9: Table – Co thoi gian (W09)
Chuong 10: Bar Chart – Khong co thoi gian (W10)
Chuong 11: Bar Chart – Co thoi gian (W11)
Chuong 12: Mixed Charts (W12)
Chuong 13: Mixed Charts – Tiep theo (W13)
Chuong 14: Process – Man-made (W14)
Chuong 15: Process – Natural (W15)
Chuong 16: Tu vung va cau truc cho dang Map (W16)
Chuong 17: Map (W17)
Chuong 18: Map – Tiep theo (W18)
PHAN II – WRITING TASK 2
Chuong 19: Gioi thieu chung ve Task 2 (W19)
Chuong 20: Cach lap dan y hieu qua (W20)
Chuong 21: Dang Causes – Solutions (W21)
Chuong 22: Dang Problems – Solutions (W22)
Chuong 23: Dang Discuss and Opinion (W23)
Chuong 24: Dang Agree or Disagree (W24)
Chuong 25: Dang Positive or Negative (W25)
Chuong 26: Dang Advantages Outweigh Disadvantages (W26)
Chuong 27: Dang 2-Part Question (W27)
Chuong 28: Cau truc quan trong trong Task 2 – Update (W28)
Chuong 29: Dang Agree or Disagree – Update (W29)
Chuong 30: Paraphrasing – Thay the (W30)
Phan nay gom 18 bai giang (W01–W18), bao gom cac dang bieu do: Line Graph, Pie Chart, Table, Bar Chart, Mixed Charts, Process va Map.
🔹 Chuong 1: Gioi thieu chung ve IELTS Writing Task 1 (W01)
Bai hoc dau tien gioi thieu tong quan ve phan Writing Task 1 trong ky thi IELTS, bao gom cac thong tin co ban ve yeu cau de thi, cac loai bieu do va tieu chi cham diem.
▸ Thong tin co ban
– Thoi gian: 20 phut (tren tong 60 phut cua Writing)
– So tu toi thieu: 150 tu
– Yeu cau: Tom tat (summarise), chon loc va bao cao (select and report) cac thong tin chinh tu bieu do
– Khong dua y kien ca nhan vao bai viet
▸ 7 dang bieu do trong Task 1
▸ 4 tieu chi cham diem (moi tieu chi 25%)
▸ Cau truc bai viet Task 1 (4 doan)
🔹 Chuong 2: Tu vung va cau truc mieu ta xu huong (W02)
Day la bai hoc cuc ky quan trong vi cac cong thuc va tu vung hoc trong bai nay duoc ap dung cho 4/6 dang bieu do (Line Graph, Bar Chart co thoi gian, Pie Chart co thoi gian, Table co thoi gian).
▸ A. Tang (Increase)
▸ Trang tu chi muc do tang
▸ 3 cong thuc viet cau xu huong
Vi du: The number of students increased gradually from about 2 to around 10.
Vi du: There was a gradual increase in the number of students from about 2 to around 10.
Vi du: The period from 1990 to 1993 witnessed a gradual increase in the number of students.
▸ Cach dua so lieu
– from around 2 to about 10 Tu diem thap nhat toi cao nhat:
– Dung “approximately / about / around” truoc so lieu uoc luong
– Doi “from…to…” thanh “between…and…” de tranh lap lai
– So lieu chinh xac: dung gioi tu “at” (vi du: at 7, at 8)
▸ B. Giam (Decrease)
Ap dung tuong tu 3 cong thuc nhu phan Tang.
▸ C. Dao dong (Fluctuate)
– fluctuate (fluctuated) Dong tu:
– vary (varied) Dong tu:
– fluctuation / variation Danh tu:
– between 1.7% and 2.3% Dua so lieu dao dong:
▸ D. Giu on dinh (Remain stable)
– remain stable / remain unchanged
– stay stable / stay unchanged
– Them trang tu “relatively” (tuong doi): remained relatively stable
– dung gioi tu “at” (vi du: at around 5) Dua so lieu on dinh:
▸ E. The hien 1 diem (Dong tu “to be”)
– In 1990, the number of X was 10.
– Diem dau: start at (around 10)
– Diem cuoi: end at (around 15)
– Dat cao nhat: reach a peak of / peak at (20)
– Dat thap nhat: hit a low of (5)
🔹 Chuong 3: Cau truc so sanh trong Task 1 (W03)
▸ A. Noi 2 cau cung xu huong
Vi du: The number of X increased to 600. Similarly, the number of Y also rose to 790.
▸ B. Noi 2 cau trai xu huong
Vi du: The number of X increased to 600. By contrast, the number of Y decreased to 200.
▸ C. So sanh 2 ve trong 1 cau
Vi du: In 1990, the number of X increased to 600, while the number of Y decreased to 200.
LUU Y: Truoc “while” phai co dau phay.
▸ D. So sanh nhat (Superlative)
– Cao nhat: was the highest (nho them “the” truoc)
– Thap nhat: was the lowest
– Vi du: The number of cars was the highest in 1990.
▸ E. So sanh hon (Comparative)
– Cao hon nhieu: was significantly higher than
– Cao hon mot chut: was slightly higher than
– Thap hon nhieu: was significantly lower than
– Thap hon mot chut: was slightly lower than
– Dung “that of” de thay the danh tu lap lai: The figure for X was higher than that of Y.
▸ F. So sanh bang
– A was the same as B
– The figures for X and Y were similar / the same
▸ G. Luu y ve danh tu dem duoc / khong dem duoc
– Dem duoc (so nhieu): “the number of” + danh tu so nhieu (cars, students…)
– Khong dem duoc: “the amount of” + danh tu khong dem duoc (water, money…)
🔹 Chuong 4–5: Line Graph – Bieu do duong (W04–W05)
▸ Tong quan ve Line Graph
Line Graph la dang pho bien nhat trong Task 1. Bieu do duong the hien su thay doi cua so lieu theo thoi gian. Co 2 loai chinh:
– Line Graph (Past): Chi co so lieu trong qua khu – dung thi qua khu don
– Line Graph (Future): Co ca qua khu va tuong lai – phan tuong lai dung cong thuc du doan
▸ Cach viet Mo bai
– Doi ten bieu do: “The graph” -> “The line graph”
– Bo “below” (vi bai viet khong co hinh ben duoi)
– Doi dong tu: “shows” -> “compares / indicates / illustrates”
– Doi cum tu: dung tu dong nghia
Vi du: “electricity production” -> “the production of electricity”
▸ Cach viet Tong quan (Overview)
– Bat dau bang “Overall, …”
– Nhin cac duong: duong nao cao nhat? thap nhat? Xu huong chung?
– KHONG dua so lieu cu the vao phan tong quan
– Chi neu 2 diem noi bat nhat
▸ Cach chia than bai
– Theo duong: Body 1 viet 2 duong, Body 2 viet 2 duong con lai
– Theo nam: Body 1 nua dau (VD 1980–2000), Body 2 nua sau (2000–2012)
– Doi voi bai co tuong lai: Body 1 = qua khu, Body 2 = tuong lai
▸ Cong thuc du doan (cho phan tuong lai)
Vi du: The number of car users is predicted to increase to 9 million.
Hoac: S + is/are predicted to become …
▸ Cong thuc “vuot qua”
Vi du: Nuclear energy overtook thermal power to become the primary source of electricity.
🔹 Chuong 6–7: Pie Chart – Bieu do tron (W06–W07)
▸ Dac diem cua Pie Chart
– Khong co thoi gian (W06): KHONG ap dung cong thuc tang/giam, chi dung cong thuc SO SANH (cao/thap)
– Co thoi gian (W07): Ap dung ca cong thuc tang/giam VA so sanh
▸ Tu vung ve ty le phan tram
▸ Cac cach dien dat cung mot y
1. Domestic water use accounted for 60%.
2. About 60% of water was used for the residential sector.
3. The residential sector consumed approximately 60% of the total water use.
4. The vast majority of water was used for the residential sector.
-> Moi cach dien dat dung cau truc khac nhau de ghi diem!
▸ Cach viet Tong quan cho Pie Chart
– Nhin phan nao LON NHAT va NHO NHAT trong tung bieu do
– Dung “By contrast” hoac “In contrast” de noi 2 cau trai xu huong
▸ Cach chia than bai
– Body 1: Viet ve nhung phan LON NHAT hoac NHO NHAT (noi bat)
– Body 2: Viet ve nhung phan TRUNG BINH (khong noi bat)
▸ Cong thuc tang gap boi (Pie Chart co thoi gian)
Tang gap ba: increase threefold / triple
Tang gap 4: increase fourfold
Tang gap N: increase N-fold
Vi du: This figure increased fourfold to 8% in 2001.
🔹 Chuong 8–9: Table – Bang so lieu (W08–W09)
▸ Dac diem cua Table
– Co rat nhieu so lieu -> Can CHON LOC so lieu noi bat nhat
– Khong co thoi gian (W08): Dung cau truc so sanh
– Co thoi gian (W09): Dung ca tang/giam va so sanh
▸ Cach rut Tong quan tu Table
– Nhin theo HANG: Xem so nao lon nhat, nho nhat trong moi hang
– Nhin theo COT: Xem so nao lon nhat, nho nhat trong moi cot
– Neu co cot/hang TONG: Uu tien nhin cot/hang tong
▸ Cach chon so lieu
▸ Tu vung ve chi tieu (Spending)
🔹 Chuong 10–11: Bar Chart – Bieu do cot (W10–W11)
▸ Dac diem cua Bar Chart
– Khong co thoi gian (W10): Dung cau truc so sanh
– Co thoi gian (W11): Dung ca tang/giam va so sanh
▸ Cach rut Tong quan tu Bar Chart
– So sanh cac khoang muc voi nhau: Khoang muc nao noi bat nhat?
– So sanh cac mau sac (quoc gia/nhom) trong tung khoang muc
– Neu co xu huong chung -> ghi vao tong quan
▸ Cach chia than bai
– Nhom cac cot co CUNG KIEU TRANG (VD: mau cam cao hon mau xanh) vao 1 body
– Nhom cac cot con lai vao body 2
▸ Cong thuc gap doi
= Gia tri cua A gap (gan/hon) doi gia tri cua B
Vi du: Expenditure on cameras in the UK was over double that of France.
▸ Cong thuc “luong tuong tu”
= B cung tang mot luong tuong tu.
🔹 Chuong 12–13: Mixed Charts – Bieu do ket hop (W12–W13)
▸ Dac diem
– De cho 2 bieu do khac loai (VD: Pie Chart + Table, Line Graph + Table)
– Body 1 viet bieu do thu nhat, Body 2 viet bieu do thu hai
– Tong quan: Rut 1 diem noi bat tu moi bieu do
▸ Mo bai
Vi du: The pie chart illustrates … while the table shows …
Hoac: The charts compare …
▸ Cong thuc “xu huong nguoc lai”
= Xu huong nguoc lai co the duoc nhin thay khi xem xet …
🔹 Chuong 14–15: Process – Quy trinh (W14–W15)
▸ 2 loai Process
– Quy trinh san xuat, tai che… (W14) Man-made (nhan tao):
– Vong doi cua dong vat, quy trinh tu nhien… (W15) Natural (tu nhien):
▸ Dan mau bai Process (Man-made)
▸ Dan mau bai Process (Natural – Vong doi)
▸ Tu vung quan trong cho Process
🔹 Chuong 16–18: Tu vung va bai Map (W16–W18)
▸ Tu vung ve dan so
2. [Dia diem] has a population of [so lieu].
3. [Dia diem] has [so lieu] inhabitants/people.
▸ Tu vung ve tuyen duong
Vi du: The main road runs through Lakeside from north to south.
▸ Vi tri va huong
– Vi tri: is located in / is situated in / lies in / is in
▸ Cac cong thuc chi su thay doi trong Map
Vi du: was significantly expanded / was slightly narrowed
▸ Dan mau bai Map
– Ca 2 map trong qua khu: dung QUA KHU DON
– 1 map qua khu + 1 map hien tai: qua khu dung QUA KHU DON, hien tai dung HIEN TAI DON
– Tong quan co qua khu + hien tai: dung HIEN TAI HOAN THANH (has/have + V3)
Phan nay gom 12 bai giang (W19–W30), bao gom cac dang bai luan: Causes-Solutions, Problems-Solutions, Discuss & Opinion, Agree-Disagree, Positive-Negative, Advantages Outweigh Disadvantages, 2-Part Question, cac cau truc quan trong va ky thuat paraphrasing.
🔹 Chuong 19: Gioi thieu chung ve Writing Task 2 (W19)
▸ Thong tin co ban
– Thoi gian khuyen nghi: 40 phut (chiem 2/3 diem Writing)
– So tu toi thieu: 250 tu
– Viet theo dang: Mo bai – Than bai 1 – Than bai 2 – Ket bai
▸ Cau truc chung Task 2 (4 doan)
▸ 4 tieu chi cham diem
▸ 7 dang de Task 2
🔹 Chuong 20: Cach lap dan y hieu qua (W20)
▸ Khi chi co 1 y tuong cho moi body
Cau 1: Neu y tuong chinh
Cau 2: Giai thich (tai sao?)
Cau 3: Giai thich tiep (hau qua la gi?)
Cau 4: Neu vi du cu the
Cau 5: Cau chot / ket qua cua vi du
▸ Cach trien khai khac: Di nguoc lai
Cau 2: Giai thich
Cau 3: Di NGUOC LAI – Neu dieu nguoc lai xay ra thi sao?
Cau 4: Vi du
Cau 5: Cau chot
▸ Khi co 2 y tuong
– Moi y tuong + 1 cau giai thich/vi du + 1 cau chot = 5 cau
▸ Khi co 3 y tuong (thuong gap o phan giai phap)
Y tuong 1: Firstly, …
Y tuong 2: Secondly, …
Y tuong 3: Finally, …
Cau chot: By implementing these measures, …
🔹 Chuong 21–22: Dang Causes–Solutions va Problems–Solutions (W21–W22)
▸ Dan mau chung cho 2 dang nay
▸ Phan biet Causes–Solutions va Problems–Solutions
🔹 Chuong 23: Dang Discuss and Opinion (W23)
▸ Nhan biet dang de
De bai thuong co: “Some people think that… Others believe that… Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”
▸ Dan mau
🔹 Chuong 24 + 29: Dang Agree or Disagree (W24 + W29)
▸ Nhan biet dang de
De bai thuong cho mot nhan dinh va hoi: “To what extent do you agree or disagree?” hoac “Do you agree or disagree?”
▸ 3 cach tra loi
▸ Vi du bai hoan toan khong dong y (W29)
Mo bai: … I totally disagree with this point of view.
Body 1: The advertising industry creates jobs + contributes to tax revenue.
Body 2: Advertising provides useful information + enriches knowledge.
Ket bai: A total ban would be detrimental to society. Advertising serves many useful purposes.
▸ Vi du bai dong y mot phan (W29 update)
Mo bai: While I accept that this measure could have some effects in the short run, I also believe that raising public awareness is the best approach.
Body 1: Tai sao tang gia nhien lieu co hieu qua ngan han (cong ty tim nang luong thay the, nguoi dan di phuong tien cong cong)
Body 2: Tai sao day khong phai giai phap tot nhat (gia nhien lieu da tang nhieu ma xe van tang) + Nang cao y thuc moi la giai phap tot nhat
Ket bai: While increasing fuel costs can somewhat contribute, raising public awareness is the most appropriate solution.
🔹 Chuong 25: Dang Positive or Negative (W25)
▸ Nhan biet
De bai cho mot xu huong va hoi: “Is this a positive or negative development?”
▸ 3 cach tra loi
– Hoan toan TICH CUC: “I personally believe that this trend is totally positive/beneficial.”
– Hoan toan TIEU CUC: “I believe that this trend is totally negative/harmful/detrimental.”
– VUA tich cuc VUA tieu cuc: “This trend has both benefits and drawbacks.”
▸ Dan mau (vua tich cuc vua tieu cuc)
🔹 Chuong 26: Dang Advantages Outweigh Disadvantages (W26)
▸ Nhan biet
De bai hoi: “Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”
▸ Dan mau (loi ich lon hon bat loi)
🔹 Chuong 27: Dang 2-Part Question (W27)
▸ Nhan biet
De bai co 2 cau hoi rieng biet. Vi du: “What changes have occurred? Do you think these changes are positive or negative?”
▸ Dan mau
🔹 Chuong 28: Cac cau truc quan trong trong Task 2 (W28)
▸ A. Cau truc chi NGUYEN NHAN
– A causes B
– A leads to B
– A results in B
– A contributes to B
Vi du: Deforestation causes global warming.
CACH 2 – B bi gay ra boi A (bi dong):
– B is caused by A
– B results from A
Vi du: Global warming is caused by increased CO2 in the atmosphere.
CACH 3 – Nguyen nhan chinh gay ra B la A:
– One of the primary reasons FOR B is A
– One of the primary causes OF B is A
LUU Y: “reason” di voi FOR, “cause” di voi OF
▸ B. Cau truc chi GIAI PHAP
Vi du: It is necessary for the government to spend more money on education.
CACH 2: One of the most effective solutions to tackle this problem is for somebody to do something.
CACH 3 (bi dong): More money should be spent on education.
▸ C. Cau truc chi ANH HUONG
– A has a negative/severe/adverse/harmful/detrimental effect on B
– A negatively/adversely/severely affects B
ANH HUONG TOT:
– A has a positive/beneficial effect on B
– A positively/beneficially affects B
LUU Y: “effect” (danh tu) >< "affect" (dong tu)
▸ Tu dong nghia quan trong
🔹 Chuong 30: Paraphrasing – Ky thuat thay the (W30)
▸ Tai sao can paraphrase?
Paraphrasing la ky nang then chot de ghi diem cao ve Lexical Resource. Can paraphrase o Mo bai (viet lai de bai), Ket bai (viet lai mo bai), va xuot bai (tranh lap tu).
▸ 5 ky thuat paraphrase
children -> kids, young people, youngsters
solve -> tackle, address, deal with
country -> nation
problem -> issue, challenge
“People tend to work longer hours” -> “Working long hours has become increasingly common”
(Doi chu ngu + doi dong tu)
“The government should spend more money” -> “More money should be spent by the government”
increase (v) -> increase (n) / increasing (adj)
Vi du: “X increased” -> “There was an increase in X” -> “increasing X”
“In many countries, childhood obesity is becoming a problem”
-> “Childhood obesity has become a serious challenge in many nations”
▸ Vi du paraphrase toan bo de bai
🔹 Nhung luu y chung cho ca Task 1 va Task 2
1. Du so tu? (Task 1: 150+, Task 2: 250+)
2. Co paraphrase de bai o mo bai khong?
3. Co Overview/Conclusion khong?
4. Co dung da dang cau truc va tu vung khong?
5. Co lap lai tu ngu qua nhieu khong?
6. Co loi ngu phap (thi, dau cau, chu vi) khong?
7. Co dung dung collocation khong?
8. Task 1: Co dua so lieu vao than bai khong? (KHONG dua vao Overview)
9. Task 2: Co tra loi DAY DU yeu cau de bai khong?
🔹 Bang tom tat cau truc moi dang de Task 2
– Het –